<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo, Anselm</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trace metal fluxes in bulk deposition, throughfall and stemflow at two evergreen oak stands in NE Spain subject to different exposure to the industrial environment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dry deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">surrogate surfaces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trace metals</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1352231003008562</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">171 - 180</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We compare here the bulkdeposition, throughfall and stemﬂow ﬂuxes of dissolved trace metals in two holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) forests in the Montseny Mountains (NE Spain) with the aim of: (1) applying different methods to distinguish between dry deposition and canopy leaching and (2) to add to the almost non-existing deposition measurements for dissolved Cu, Pb, Mn, V, Zn, Ni and Cd in two Spanish forests differentially exposed to the urban and industrial environment. No signiﬁcant differences in mean bulkdeposition concentrations or ﬂuxes were found between sites, indicating little differential effect of the urban/industrial environment on bulkprecipitation chemistry. At both sites, throughfall and stemﬂow ﬂuxes increased relative to bulkdeposition for all elements, except for Zn and Cd. The relative contribution of leaching and dry deposition was evaluated through: (1) the seasonal variability of throughfall, (2) regressions of element ﬂuxes on water ﬂux in net throughfall, (3) washing branches and metacrylate plates, and (4) the sequential washing of branches. Results indicated that leaching was the main enrichment process for Mn. For Ni, except the sequential washings, all other evidences also pointed to leaching. For Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and V there was ample evidence for dry deposition. The fact that Zn and Cd had negative net throughfall ﬂuxes indicated that canopy uptake was greater than deposition (wet plus dry). Net throughfall ﬂuxes pointed to higher dry deposition onto the canopies in the more exposed site, but the occurrence of uptake impeached quantiﬁcation. Therefore, dry deposition was estimated from the recovered quantities from experimental washings of foliage, taken to represent the impaction of small particles onto the canopy. The foliage-wash ﬂuxes were, for Zn, Cu and Pb, respectively, 407, 25 and 16 g ha 1 yr 1 at the sheltered site and 423, 38 and 26 g ha 1 yr 1 at the exposed site. Deposition in bulkprecipitation (wet deposition+an unknown fraction of dry deposition mostly accounted by coarse particles settling gravitationally) was lower: 222, 6.3 and 6.5 g ha 1 yr 1 for Zn, Cu and Pb, respectively, averaged for the two sites</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo, Anselm</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trace metal fluxes in bulk deposition, throughfall and stemflow at two evergreen oak stands in NE Spain subject to different exposure to the industrial environment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dry deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">surrogate surfaces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trace metals</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">171-180</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We compare here the bulkdeposition, throughfall and stemﬂow ﬂuxes of dissolved trace metals in two holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) forests in the Montseny Mountains (NE Spain) with the aim of: (1) applying different methods to distinguish between dry deposition and canopy leaching and (2) to add to the almost non-existing deposition measurements for dissolved Cu, Pb, Mn, V, Zn, Ni and Cd in two Spanish forests differentially exposed to the urban and industrial environment. No signiﬁcant differences in mean bulkdeposition concentrations or ﬂuxes were found between sites, indicating little differential effect of the urban/industrial environment on bulkprecipitation chemistry. At both sites, throughfall and stemﬂow ﬂuxes increased relative to bulkdeposition for all elements, except for Zn and Cd. The relative contribution of leaching and dry deposition was evaluated through: (1) the seasonal variability of throughfall, (2) regressions of element ﬂuxes on water ﬂux in net throughfall, (3) washing branches and metacrylate plates, and (4) the sequential washing of branches. Results indicated that leaching was the main enrichment process for Mn. For Ni, except the sequential washings, all other evidences also pointed to leaching. For Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and V there was ample evidence for dry deposition. The fact that Zn and Cd had negative net throughfall ﬂuxes indicated that canopy uptake was greater than deposition (wet plus dry). Net throughfall ﬂuxes pointed to higher dry deposition onto the canopies in the more exposed site, but the occurrence of uptake impeached quantiﬁcation. Therefore, dry deposition was estimated from the recovered quantities from experimental washings of foliage, taken to represent the impaction of small particles onto the canopy. The foliage-wash ﬂuxes were, for Zn, Cu and Pb, respectively, 407, 25 and 16 g ha 1 yr 1 at the sheltered site and 423, 38 and 26 g ha 1 yr 1 at the exposed site. Deposition in bulkprecipitation (wet deposition+an unknown fraction of dry deposition mostly accounted by coarse particles settling gravitationally) was lower: 222, 6.3 and 6.5 g ha 1 yr 1 for Zn, Cu and Pb, respectively, averaged for the two sites</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo, Anselm</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodà, Ferran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen circulation in a Mediterranean holm oak forest, La Castanya, Montseny, northeastern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrology and Earth System …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ammonium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bulk deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dry deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">la castanya</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montseny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nitrate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">551-558</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulk deposition, wet-only deposition, throughfall and dry deposition inferred from washing foliage and surrogate surfaces were used to describe inorganic N inputs to a forested catchment in the Montseny Mountains (La Castanya, Catalonia, Spain). Bulk inputs of inorganic N were moderate, with a mean of 5.7 kg N ha -1 yr -1 , ranging between 4 and 10 kg N ha -1 yr -1 for the period 1983 to 2000. Dry deposition fluxes estimated from washing branches added about 9 kg N ha -1 yr -1 to wet inputs and the total atmospheric deposition was estimated in 15 kg N ha -1 yr -1 . Despite this substantial input flux, nearly all the inorganic nitrogen was retained within the forest ecosystem: NH4 + and NO3 - concentrations decreased dramatically as water crossed the canopy and the soil profile. In the stream, at baseflow conditions, NH4 + and NO3 - concentrations were always below the analytical detection limit (&lt; 2 µeq L -1 ). Only briefly during peak flows did NO3 - concentrations increase up to 100 µeq L -1 . Averaged over 10 years (1984-1994), the export of N at the catchment outlet was 0.05 kg N ha -1 yr -1 . This indicates a very tight N cycling allowing for an increase of N availability in these undisturbed forest ecosystems.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo, Anselm</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodà, Ferran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen circulation in a Mediterranean holm oak forest, La Castanya, Montseny, northeastern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrology and Earth System …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ammonium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bulk deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dry deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">la castanya</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montseny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nitrate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00305215/</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">551 - 558</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulk deposition, wet-only deposition, throughfall and dry deposition inferred from washing foliage and surrogate surfaces were used to describe inorganic N inputs to a forested catchment in the Montseny Mountains (La Castanya, Catalonia, Spain). Bulk inputs of inorganic N were moderate, with a mean of 5.7 kg N ha -1 yr -1 , ranging between 4 and 10 kg N ha -1 yr -1 for the period 1983 to 2000. Dry deposition fluxes estimated from washing branches added about 9 kg N ha -1 yr -1 to wet inputs and the total atmospheric deposition was estimated in 15 kg N ha -1 yr -1 . Despite this substantial input flux, nearly all the inorganic nitrogen was retained within the forest ecosystem: NH4 + and NO3 - concentrations decreased dramatically as water crossed the canopy and the soil profile. In the stream, at baseflow conditions, NH4 + and NO3 - concentrations were always below the analytical detection limit (&lt; 2 µeq L -1 ). Only briefly during peak flows did NO3 - concentrations increase up to 100 µeq L -1 . Averaged over 10 years (1984-1994), the export of N at the catchment outlet was 0.05 kg N ha -1 yr -1 . This indicates a very tight N cycling allowing for an increase of N availability in these undisturbed forest ecosystems.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record></records></xml>