<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coll, Marta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ninyerola, Miquel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pons, Xavier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carnicer, Jofre</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multivariate effect gradients driving forest demographic responses in the Iberian Peninsula</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest demography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macroecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quantile modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recruitment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112713002168</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">303</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195 - 209</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A precise knowledge of forest demographic gradients in the Mediterranean area is essential to assess future impacts of climate change and extreme drought events. Here we studied the geographical patterns of forest demography variables (tree recruitment, growth and mortality) of the main species in Spain and assessed their multiple ecological drivers (climate, topography, soil, forest stand attributes and tree-spe- cific traits) as well as the geographical variability of their effects and interactions. Quantile modeling analyses allowed a synthetic description of the gradients of multiple covariates influencing forest demog- raphy in this area. These multivariate effect gradients showed significantly stronger interactions at the extremes of the rainfall gradient. Remarkably, in all demographic variables, qualitatively different levels of effects and interactions were observed across tree-size classes. In addition, significant differences in demographic responses and effect gradients were also evident between the dominant genus Quercus and Pinus. Quercus species presented significantly higher percentage of plots colonized by new recruits, whereas in Pinus recruitment limitation was significantly higher. Contrasting positive and negative growth responses to temperature were also observed in Quercus and Pinus, respectively. Overall, our results synthesize forest demographic responses across climatic gradients in Spain, and unveil the inter- actions between driving factors operating in the drier and wetter edges.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Establishment of co-existing Mediterranean tree species under a varying soil moisture regime</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02258.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">237 - 244</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We investigated the responses of two co-existing Mediterranean trees with different regeneration strategies (Phillyrea latifolia seedlings and Quercus ilex sprouts) to experimental drought below the forest canopy. We considered different recruitment stages and used leaf isotopic discrimination to estimate water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen availability and use. Drought decreased the emergence and survival of seedlings and sprouts. Survival and growth of older saplings were not influenced by drought. Seedling emergence of P. latifolia was higher than Q. ilex sprout production, but Q. ilex sprouts had higher survival and growth rates. These differences disappeared in the sapling stage. Carbon isotopic discrimination suggested that Q. ilex sprouts had higher WUE than P. latifolia seedlings. Drought increased WUE of recruits, particularly in Q. ilex. Water use regulation increased with ageing, particularly in P. latifolia. Q. ilex had higher δ15N values than P. latifolia; these were also higher under drier soil conditions. Current year seedlings had higher δ15N than saplings, particularly in P. latifolia, suggesting they exploit superficial soil layers. These results suggest that sprouts obtain benefit from resources stored in parent plants. At earlier stages, they perform better than seedlings. This response is not coupled to adult vulnerability to drought for these species, revealing the difficulty of predicting species dynamics during climate change.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boada, Martí</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A global change-induced biome shift in the Montseny mountains (NE Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Change Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">altitudinal shift</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biome replacement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calluna heathland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliation status</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagus sylvatica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montseny mountains</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recruitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">temperate forest</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00566.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">131 - 140</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shifts in plant species and biome distribution in response to warming have been described in past climate changes. However, reported evidence of such shifts under current climate change is still scarce. By comparing current and 1945 vegetation distribution in the Montseny mountains (Catalonia, NE Spain), we report here a progressive replacement of cold-temperate ecosystems by Mediterranean ecosystems. Beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest has shifted altitudinally upwards by ca. 70 m at the highest altitudes (1600–1700 m). Both the beech forests and the heather (Calluna vulgaris) heathlands are being replaced by holm oak (Quercus ilex) forest at medium altitudes (800–1400 m). This beech replacement has been observed to occur through a progressive isolation and degradation of beech stands. In ‘isolated’ (small and surrounded by holm oaks) beech stands, beech trees are 30% more defoliated, beech recruitment is 41% lower, and holm oak recruitment is three times higher than in ‘continental’ (large and continuous) beech stands. The progressively warmer conditions, complemented by the land use changes (mainly the cessation of traditional land management) are the apparent causes, providing a paradigmatic example of global change affecting distributions of plant species and biomes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Science, Ltd</style></notes></record></records></xml>