<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pulido, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, Gerardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, Eustolia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Obrador, Jose J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonal, Raul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz, Mario</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resource manipulation reveals flexible allocation rules to growth and reproduction in a Mediterranean evergreen oak</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL OF PLANT ECOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn abortion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">allocational plasticity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">growth-reproduction trade-offs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrient addition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resource allocation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OXFORD UNIV PRESS</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77-85</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aims In plants, resource allocation to growth and reproduction may depart from trade-off expectations if (i) investment in growth and reproduction relies on different resource pools, (ii) allocation to reproduction is dependent upon reaching some growth threshold or (iii) reproduction is developmentally linked to growth, both functions relying on the same resource pool. We examined the effects of enhanced resource level on patterns of resource allocation to growth and reproduction in holm oak (Quercus ilex sbsp. ballota), a Mediterranean evergreen tree. Methods In the experimental year (2003), we manipulated the amount of soil nutrients in autumn (to increase nutrient uptake during shoot elongation in the following spring) and soil water in summer (to increase water uptake during acorn growth). Indicators of growth and male and female reproduction were estimated in the pre-experimental (2002), experimental (2003) and post-experimental (2004) years. Important Findings Fertilized trees produced significantly longer shoots, but the number of female flowers per shoot was not affected by treatments. The production of male catkins was also enhanced by fertilization. Irrigation did not affect the production of female flowers or abortion rates. Growth and female reproduction showed no consistent relationship in untreated trees, but resource addition elicited a growth-female reproduction trade-off in the experimental year. The sign of this significant relationship changed in the post-experimental year, indicating the existence of lagged effects of resource manipulation on acorn production. Overall, patterns of allocation to growth and reproduction varied as a function of sex, resource availability and year, a result consistent with extreme allocational plasticity in holm oak.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muñoz, Alberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonal, Raul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espelta, Josep Maria</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Responses of a scatter-hoarding rodent to seed morphology: links between seed choices and seed variability</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Behaviour</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Algerian mouse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">animal-plant interaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">handling cost</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hoarding behaviour</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mus spretus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed caching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">small rodent</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1435-1442</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seed preferences of scatter-hoarding granivores may inﬂuence the evolution of seed traits in plants. However, there is little evidence linking the granivores’ responses to speciﬁc seed traits to the variability of seeds in a single plant species. This information is essential for understanding how the decisions of granivores can shape plant life histories. We analysed how seed morphology (size and shape) of the Holm oak, Quercus ilex, inﬂuences seed choices of the seed-disperser, the Algerian mouse, Mus spretus. We studied the seed variability of the oak and whether the frequency of seed phenotypes matched the seed choices of the disperser. The probabilities of seed removal decreased as the seeds became larger and more bullet-shaped, so that seeds that were simultaneously large and bullet-shaped had the lowest probabilities of being dispersed. These seeds are probably refused by rodents because they impose higher handling and transport costs. The size and shape of the Holm oak seeds were highly variable between trees, but extraordinarily consistent within a single tree over different years. However, the analysis of seed variability revealed a disproportionately low frequency of large bullet-shaped phenotypes, which are those barely removed by rodents. Seed preferences of dispersers of species with high seed variability between trees can lead to differences in the chances of seeds produced by different trees being dispersed. Those seed phenotypes preferred by dispersers could make a higher contribution to the next generation, which could inﬂuence the evolution and variability of seeds in a plant species</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muñoz, Alberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonal, Raul</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linking seed dispersal to cache protection strategies.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">directed dispersal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">granivores</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant recruitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">savanna-like landscapes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed caching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed predation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling emergence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">small rodents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01818.xhttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&amp;db=a9h&amp;AN=61214772&amp;lang=pt-br&amp;site=ehost-live&amp;scope=site</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1016 - 1025</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The spatial distribution of dispersed seeds results from the combined action of the caching strategies followed by different granivores. Hence, it is essential to study the factors that influence seed predation and caching decisions to achieve a better understanding of the dispersal process. In this study, we document how seed dispersal and the spatial patterns of natural recruitment are linked to the strategies used by granivores to protect their cached seeds from pilferage. We present a theoretical model showing that those strategies may convey benefits for both seed cachers and plants. We studied the relationships among seed production, seed predation/caching, cache pilferage and plant recruitment in a savanna-like landscape of oaks dispersed by scatter-hoarding rodents. Our results show that acorn-dispersing rodents were concentrated under the canopies of scattered oaks, where the theft of cached acorns increased by 77% as compared to that of the surrounding open landscape. Acorns were thus cached selectively in the open areas to reduce pilferage; in fact, none of the few seeds cached beneath tree canopies survived predation by granivores (pilferage + recovery). Meanwhile, some acorns cached in the surrounding open areas were neither pilfered nor recovered and then recruited successfully. Accordingly, natural recruitment of newly emerged seedlings was higher outside than under canopies, suggesting that rodent caching strategies have direct implications for the directed dispersal of oaks. Synthesis. The spatial patterns of seed dispersal shape the fitness of both the plant because they influence dispersal and recruitment efficiency, and the granivores that cache and predate its seeds because they influence their foraging efficiency. Cache protection strategies reduce pilferage significantly and enhance seed recovery rates by the cache owner. At the same time, more seeds remain dispersed and unrecovered. Thus, cache protection strategies can provide net benefits to the plant in terms of effective directed dispersal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accession Number: 61214772; Muñoz, Alberto 1,2 Bonal, Raúl 2,3; Affiliation: 1: CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edificio C, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain 2: Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM)-Área Zoología, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-45071 Toledo, Spain 3: Grupo de la Biodiversidad Genética y Cultural, Departamento de Ecología, Instituto de Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), E-13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 99 Issue 4, p1016; Subject Term: SEEDS -- Dispersal; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GRANIVORES; Subject Term: ACORNS; Subject Term: SEEDLINGS -- Ecophysiology; Subject Term: FORAGING behavior (Animals); Author-Supplied Keyword: directed dispersal; Author-Supplied Keyword: granivores; Author-Supplied Keyword: plant recruitment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quercus ilex; Author-Supplied Keyword: savanna-like landscapes; Author-Supplied Keyword: seed caching; Author-Supplied Keyword: seed predation; Author-Supplied Keyword: seedling emergence; Author-Supplied Keyword: small rodents; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: ArticleAccession Number: 61214772; Muñoz, Alberto 1,2 Bonal, Raúl 2,3; Affiliation: 1: CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edificio C, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain 2: Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM)-Área Zoología, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-45071 Toledo, Spain 3: Grupo de la Biodiversidad Genética y Cultural, Departamento de Ecología, Instituto de Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), E-13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 99 Issue 4, p1016; Subject Term: SEEDS -- Dispersal; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GRANIVORES; Subject Term: ACORNS; Subject Term: SEEDLINGS -- Ecophysiology; Subject Term: FORAGING behavior (Animals); Author-Supplied Keyword: directed dispersal; Author-Supplied Keyword: granivores; Author-Supplied Keyword: plant recruitment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quercus ilex; Author-Supplied Keyword: savanna-like landscapes; Author-Supplied Keyword: seed caching; Author-Supplied Keyword: seed predation; Author-Supplied Keyword: seedling emergence; Author-Supplied Keyword: small rodents; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: ArticleThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Wiley-Blackwell</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ESPELTA, JOSEP M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonal, Raul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez-Humanes, Belén</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pre-dispersal acorn predation in mixed oak forests: interspecific differences are driven by the interplay among seed phenology, seed size and predator size</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curculio elephas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curculio glandium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean oak forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multi-host–predator system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus humilis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed satiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">species coexistence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01564.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1416 - 1423</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1. Pre-dispersal seed predation (PSP) often occurs in multi-host–predator systems (e.g. several plant species exposed to a common array of granivorous insects). However, whether the interaction among seed phenology, seed size and predator size accounts for interspecific differences in PSP remains elusive. 2. We studied PSP in a mixed-oak forest with two oaks (the larger-seeded Quercus humilis and the smaller-seeded Q. ilex), both depredated by two acorn weevils (the smaller Curculio glandium and the larger C. elephas). We intensively monitored acorn production and infestation phenology and we identified the weevil species depredating acorns by means of DNA taxonomy. 3. The minimum acorn size required for infestation was lower for C. glandium than for C. elephas, in accordance with their different body sizes. This resulted in an earlier infestation phenology in C. glandium and the ability of this species to infest both smaller and larger acorns. Above a minimum acorn size threshold, no selection for larger acorns by weevils was observed. 4. Initial acorn crop size was similar in the two oaks. Nonetheless, the earlier acorn phenology and the production of larger acorns in Q. humilis favoured the earlier infestation by C. glandium and the predation by both small and large weevils. Smaller acorns of Q. ilex almost excluded infestation by the larger C. elephas. 5. Although larger acorns of Q. humilis could better survive infestation (preserve the embryo), higher PSP in this species finally resulted in a lower mature acorn crop size than in Q. ilex. 6. Synthesis. In a multi-host–predator system, smaller-seeded species may benefit from a reduced PSP because they exclude larger granivorous insects, but also by means of a ‘free-rider effect’, if larger-seeded heterospecifics earlier reach a critical size to be depredated. These results also highlight the benefits of a small body size in granivorous insects to depredate seeds earlier and to forage on a wider range of seed sizes. Whether the advantage of ‘being small’ in this antagonistic plant–animal interaction is offset by other processes, or whether it results in a pressure towards seed and insect size reduction, deserves further attention.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espelta, Josep M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonal, Raul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez-Humanes, Belén</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pre-dispersal acorn predation in mixed oak forests: interspecific differences are driven by the interplay among seed phenology, seed size and predator size</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curculio elephas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curculio glandium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean oak forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multi-host–predator system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus humilis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed satiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">species coexistence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1416-1423</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1. Pre-dispersal seed predation (PSP) often occurs in multi-host–predator systems (e.g. several plant species exposed to a common array of granivorous insects). However, whether the interaction among seed phenology, seed size and predator size accounts for interspecific differences in PSP remains elusive. 2. We studied PSP in a mixed-oak forest with two oaks (the larger-seeded Quercus humilis and the smaller-seeded Q. ilex), both depredated by two acorn weevils (the smaller Curculio glandium and the larger C. elephas). We intensively monitored acorn production and infestation phenology and we identified the weevil species depredating acorns by means of DNA taxonomy. 3. The minimum acorn size required for infestation was lower for C. glandium than for C. elephas, in accordance with their different body sizes. This resulted in an earlier infestation phenology in C. glandium and the ability of this species to infest both smaller and larger acorns. Above a minimum acorn size threshold, no selection for larger acorns by weevils was observed. 4. Initial acorn crop size was similar in the two oaks. Nonetheless, the earlier acorn phenology and the production of larger acorns in Q. humilis favoured the earlier infestation by C. glandium and the predation by both small and large weevils. Smaller acorns of Q. ilex almost excluded infestation by the larger C. elephas. 5. Although larger acorns of Q. humilis could better survive infestation (preserve the embryo), higher PSP in this species finally resulted in a lower mature acorn crop size than in Q. ilex. 6. Synthesis. In a multi-host–predator system, smaller-seeded species may benefit from a reduced PSP because they exclude larger granivorous insects, but also by means of a ‘free-rider effect’, if larger-seeded heterospecifics earlier reach a critical size to be depredated. These results also highlight the benefits of a small body size in granivorous insects to depredate seeds earlier and to forage on a wider range of seed sizes. Whether the advantage of ‘being small’ in this antagonistic plant–animal interaction is offset by other processes, or whether it results in a pressure towards seed and insect size reduction, deserves further attention.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>