<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gartner, Barbara L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roy, Jacques</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huc, Roland</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of tension wood on specific conductivity and vulnerability to embolism of Quercus ilex seedlings grown at two atmospheric CO2 concentrations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecological wood anatomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydraulic architecture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structure/function relationship</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/6/387.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">387 - 395</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To determine whether there are decreases in hydraulic function of a woody stem when it has increased mechanical loading, Quercus ilex L. seedlings were grown upright or inclined to force the production of large amounts of tension wood (TW). Seedlings were grown in ambient or elevated carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) for 16–17 months to provide two sets of seedlings differing in growth rates and allocation patterns. In both CO2 environments, inclination caused formation of large amounts of TW at the base and mid-section of most stems, but not at the stem tips. Contrary to expectation, there were no significant effects of stem inclination or amount of TW on specific conductivity (ks) or vulnerability to embolism. Samples with high amounts of TW had higher vessel frequency, similar average vessel lumen area, similar vessel lumen fraction (6% of the transverse area), elevated frequency of vessels in the smallest diameter class, and higher wood density than samples with very little TW. Samples from seedlings in the elevated [CO2] treatment had similar vessel frequency, larger average vessel lumen area (caused by a higher frequency of large-diameter vessels), similar vessel lumen fraction, and similar wood density as samples from seedlings in the ambient [CO2] treatment. There was a strong position effect: the highest wood density and lowest ks were at the stem base, intermediate values were at the middle, and the lowest density and highest ks were at the stem tip. We conclude that, in a species that uses different cells for mechanical support and water transport, there can be large modifications in performance of the mechanical function through TW formation without impacting the water transport functions—ks and vulnerability to embolism.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/23.6.38710.1093/treephys/23.6.387</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cherubini, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gartner, Barbara L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tognetti, Roberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bräker, Otto U.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schoch, Werner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INNES, JOHN L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Identification, measurement and interpretation of tree rings in woody species from mediterranean climates.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arbutus unedo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendrochronology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendroecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecophysiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fraxinus ornus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean tree rings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus cerris</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus pubescens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wood anatomy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12620063</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">78</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119 - 148</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We review the literature dealing with mediterranean climate, vegetation, phenology and ecophysiology relevant to the understanding of tree-ring formation in mediterranean regions. Tree rings have been used extensively in temperate regions to reconstruct responses of forests to past environmental changes. In mediterranean regions, studies of tree rings are scarce, despite their potential for understanding and predicting the effects of global change on important ecological processes such as desertification. In mediterranean regions, due to the great spatio-temporal variability of mediterranean environmental conditions, tree rings are sometimes not formed. Often, clear seasonality is lacking, and vegetation activity is not always associated with regular dormancy periods. We present examples of tree-ring morphology of five species (Arbutus unedo, Fraxinus ornus, Quercus cerris, Q. ilex, Q. pubescens) sampled in Tuscany, Italy, focusing on the difficulties we encountered during the dating. We present an interpretation of anomalies found in the wood structure and, more generally, of cambial activity in such environments. Furthermore, we propose a classification of tree-ring formation in mediterranean environments. Mediterranean tree rings can be dated and used for dendrochronological purposes, but great care should be taken in selecting sampling sites, species and sample trees.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 12620063</style></notes></record></records></xml>