<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Custódio, Luísa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patarra, João</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alberício, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neng, Nuno Da Rosa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nogueira, José Manuel Florêncio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romano, Anabela</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenolic composition, antioxidant potential and in vitro inhibitory activity of leaves and acorns of Quercus suber on key enzymes relevant for hyperglycemia and Alzheimer's disease</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Industrial Crops and Products</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alzheimer’s  disease</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cholinesterase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork  oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dementia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diabetes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neurological  disorders</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier B.V.</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45-51</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This work reports the in vitro antioxidant and inhibitory activities of hexane, methanol and water extracts of cork oak (Quercus suber) against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), a-amylase and a-glucosidase. The total content of phenolics (TPC), tannins (TTC) and flavonoids (TFC), and the HPLC profile of the main phenolic compounds present in the extracts, were also determined. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay the best results were obtained with the methanol and water extracts from both leaves and acorns (41–49%). In the 2,2 a-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) method the highest activity was observed with the methanol and leaf water extracts (63–71%). The most significant effects on cholinesterase activity were obtained with the methanol leaf extract at the concentration of 1 mg/mL, yielding inhibition values of 79 and 80% on AChE and BuChE, respectively. No relevant activity was detected against a-amylase, but samples significantly inhibited a-glucosidase from baker’s yeast, and the best results were obtained with the water and methanol leaf extracts with values of 97 and 89%, respectively, higher than the positive controls used (acarbose and glucobay). The methanol leaf extract had the highest TPC (211 mg GAE/g, DW) and TFC (8.2 mg RE/g, DW), whereas the water extracts had the highest tannin levels (87 CE/g, DW). The main compound in the methanol leaf extract was gentisic acid (24.3 mg/g, DW). Our results suggest that leaves and acorns from cork oak contain compounds useful for alleviating symptoms associated with Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative ailments as well as diabetes.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Custódio, Luísa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patarra, João</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alberício, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neng, Nuno Rosa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nogueira, José Manuel Florêncio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romano, Anabela</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extracts from Quercus sp. acorns exhibit in vitro neuroprotective features through inhibition of cholinesterase and protection of the human dopaminergic cell line SH-SY5Y from hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Industrial Crops and Products</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorns</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alzheimer's</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cholinesterase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dementia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neurological disorders</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926669012006450</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">114 - 120</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this work non polar (hexane) and polar (methanol and hot water) extracts of cork oak (Quercus suber) and holm oak (Quercus ilex) acorns were evaluated for the first time for in vitro neuroprotective properties, by determining their in vitro inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and their capacity to attenuate hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in the human dopaminergic cell line SH-SY5Y. Total content of phenolics, tannins and flavonoids, HPLC profile of the main phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were also determined. The methanol extracts showed inhibitory activities against AChE and BChE. The best results toward AChE were obtained with cork oak extract (69.4% inhibition at the concentration of 1 mg/ml), while for BChE the highest inhibition (46% inhibition at the concentration of 1 mg/ml) was obtained with holm oak. Moreover, methanol extracts were able to prevent oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in SH-S5SY cells. The methanol extract of holm oak exhibited the highest RSA, with values of 63.8% and 49.7% on DPPH and ABTS radicals at the concentration of 1 mg/ml, respectively. In general the extracts exhibited no reducing potential. The methanol extract from cork oak acorns had the highest content in phenolic compounds (25.2 mg GAE/g, DW), while the water extracts had the maximum level of flavonoids (1.7 mg RE/g, DW). Tannins were present in higher amounts in the water extract of holm oak (91.6 CE/g, DW). The main compounds in the methanol extract from holm oak acorns were (−)-epicatechin and catechol, while gallic acid and (+)-catechin were the main constituents of the methanol extract from cork oak acorns. Our results indicate that cork and holm oak acorns provide a valuable source of biomolecules useful for alleviating symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative ailments.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>