<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ribeiro, Paulo Flores</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, José Lima</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bugalho, Miguel N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santana, Joana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reino, Luís</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beja, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling farming system dynamics in High Nature Value Farmland under policy change</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture, Ecosystems &amp; Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agri-environment schemes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAP reform</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farming systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">High Nature Value Farmland</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier B.V.</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">183</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">138-144</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract Understanding the factors driving changes in farm management is needed for designing policies and subsidy schemes to protect High Nature Value Farmland (HNVF). We describe farming system dynamics in HNVF of southern Portugal, between 2000–2002 and 2008–2010, encompassing a period of major policy transformations introduced by the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union in 2003. We also assess how farming system dynamics was modulated by structural, biophysical and policy factors constraining agricultural options. Farming systems changed in about 40% of the farmed area during the period of study. Overall, there was a marked transition from arable systems to either specialized livestock or permanent crop systems, involving major declines in the traditional system of dry cereal rotations and sheep grazing. Transitions were influenced by farm size, soil quality and coverage by open oak woodlands, while there was little effect of agri-environment schemes and legal regulations specifically targeted to support the traditional farming system. Despite these changes, agricultural intensity remained essentially stable, though there was a marked decline in land-use heterogeneity with likely negative impacts on biodiversity. Observed changes agree with ex-ante impact assessments of the CAP reform in Iberian cereal steppes, which suggested that decoupling of payments from production could promote shifts from the traditional cereal–fallow–sheep system towards specialized livestock grazing systems. Effectively protecting HNFV may thus require a better integration of horizontal policies and agri-environment schemes.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Duplicate 1 ( Modelling farming system dynamics in High Nature Value Farmland under policy change - Ribeiro, Paulo Flores; Santos, José Lima; Bugalho, Miguel N.; Santana, Joana; Reino, Luís; Beja, Pedro; Moreira, Francisco )</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Duplicate 1 ( Modelling farming system dynamics in High Nature Value Farmland under policy change - Ribeiro, Paulo Flores; Santos, José Lima; Bugalho, Miguel N.; Santana, Joana; Reino, Luís; Beja, Pedro; Moreira, Francisco )</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catry, Filipe X.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pausas, Juli G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandes, Paulo M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rego, Francisco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-fire response variability in Mediterranean Basin tree species in Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">broadleaves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">top-kill</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildfire</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">919 - 932</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire is the most important natural disturbance driving vegetation dynamics in the Mediterranean Basin. However, studies relating fire-induced tree responses to both fire severity and plant traits are still scarce in this region. We aimed to investigate such relationships further and to develop simple models that could help improve forest management in these fire-prone ecosystems. We compiled data from 16 fire sites in different regions and used models to relate post-fire responses of 4155 trees from 14 species with fire severity indicators and tree characteristics. The influence of several spatiotemporal factors at the site level was also considered. Results showed that pine mortality was usually high and mainly determined by fire severity, whereas plant traits played a minor role. In contrast, mortality of broadleaved trees was usually low, even for high-severity fire, but most trees were top-killed. Stem mortality increased with fire severity and decreased with bark thickness and tree size. The models for predicting individual mortality of pines and stem mortality of broadleaves showed very good performance, including when validated against independent datasets. Our results suggest that it is possible to accurately predict the most common post-fire responses of Mediterranean species based on simple fire and tree characteristics.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catry, Filipe X</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pausas, Juli G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandes, Paulo M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rego, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardillo, Enrique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curt, Thomas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork Oak Vulnerability to Fire: The Role of Bark Harvesting, Tree Characteristics and Abiotic Factors</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS ONE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bark tickness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork harvesting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire vulnerability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">management (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post-fire response</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Library of Science</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e39810</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest ecosystems where periodical tree bark harvesting is a major economic activity may be particularly vulnerable to disturbances such as fire, since debarking usually reduces tree vigour and protection against external agents. In this paper we asked how cork oak Quercus suber trees respond after wildfires and, in particular, how bark harvesting affects post-fire tree survival and resprouting. We gathered data from 22 wildfires (4585 trees) that occurred in three southern European countries (Portugal, Spain and France), covering a wide range of conditions characteristic of Q. suber ecosystems. Post-fire tree responses (tree mortality, stem mortality and crown resprouting) were examined in relation to management and ecological factors using generalized linear mixed-effects models. Results showed that bark thickness and bark harvesting are major factors affecting resistance of Q. suber to fire. Fire vulnerability was higher for trees with thin bark (young or recently debarked individuals) and decreased with increasing bark thickness until cork was 3–4 cm thick. This bark thickness corresponds to the moment when exploited trees are debarked again, meaning that exploited trees are vulnerable to fire during a longer period. Exploited trees were also more likely to be top-killed than unexploited trees, even for the same bark thickness. Additionally, vulnerability to fire increased with burn severity and with tree diameter, and was higher in trees burned in early summer or located in drier south-facing aspects. We provided tree response models useful to help estimating the impact of fire and to support management decisions. The results suggested that an appropriate management of surface fuels and changes in the bark harvesting regime (e.g. debarking coexisting trees in different years or increasing the harvesting cycle) would decrease vulnerability to fire and contribute to the conservation of cork oak ecosystems.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catry, Filipe X.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardillo, Enrique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pausas, Juli G.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arianoutsou, Margarita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corona, Piermaria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De las Heras, Jorge</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-Fire Management of Cork Oak Forests</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-Fire Management and Restoration of Southern European Forests</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork harvesting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crown regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural regeneration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-007-2208-8/page/1http://www.springerlink.com/index/T14G11G6K89M6643.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Netherlands</style></publisher><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-94-007-2207-1</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This chapter concerns the ecology and post-fire management of cork oak forests. It starts with a short overview of ecological and socio-economic context, continuing with an introduction on the cork oak post-fire regeneration strategies and the main factors affecting tree responses. Several post-fire management issues and alternatives, such as tree logging, assisting natural regeneration, reforestation, cork harvesting and pruning, or protecting against herbivory, are also presented and discussed</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Post-Fire Management and Restoration of Southern European Forests&lt;br/&gt;electronic-resource-num: 10.1007/978-94-007-2208-8</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carmo, Miguel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casimiro, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaz, Pedro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use and topography influences on wildfire occurrence in northern Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire risk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selection patterns</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169204611000028</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">169 - 176</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding the spatial patterns of wildﬁre ignition and spread has important implications for landscape planning for reducing ﬁre hazard. In this paper we characterise the patterns of wildﬁre occurrence in 3 regions of northern Portugal, using selection ratio functions to evaluate the ﬁre proneness of different land cover and topographic categories. For attaining this objective we characterised 1382 wildﬁres larger than 5 ha, which occurred in the years 1990–1991, according to land cover (10 categories), slope (5 categories) and aspect (5 categories) within which they occurred. For each ﬁre, the use of the different land cover and topographic categories was compared with availability in a surrounding buffer. For land cover, ﬁre proneness was much higher in shrublands, whereas agricultural areas and agro-forestry systems where less likely to burn. In terms of slope, steep slopes were more prone to ﬁre. Differences in land cover in the different slope categories contributed to this result, although there was an overall slope effect on the ﬁre proneness of all land cover types. In terms of aspect, only ﬂat areas were less ﬁre prone. Finally, there were regional variations in land cover susceptibility to ﬁre, but these did not occur for slope or aspect. In terms of landscape planning these results suggest that the more effective fuel breaks should be implemented in areas with agricultural crops in ﬂat slopes</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catry, Filipe Xavier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duarte, Inês</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acácio, Vanda</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Factors affecting post-fire crown regeneration in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) trees</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Forest Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crown regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wild w res</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wildfires</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">128</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">231-240</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak (Quercus suber) forests are acknowledged for their biodiversity and economic (mainly cork production) values. WildWres are one of the main threats contributing to cork oak decline in the Mediterranean Basin, and one major question that managers face after Wre in cork oak stands is whether the burned trees should be coppiced or not. This decision can be based on the degree of expected crown regeneration assessed immediately after Wre. In this study we carried out a post-Wre assessment of the degree of crown recovery in 858 trees being exploited for cork production in southern Portugal, 1.5 years after a wildWre. Using logistic regression, we modelled good or poor crown recovery probability as a function of tree and stand variables. The main variables inXuencing the likelihood of good or poor crown regeneration were bark thickness, charring height, aspect and tree diameter. We also developed management models, including simpler but easier to measure variables, which had a lower predictive power but can be used to help managers to identify, immediately after Wre, trees that will likely show good crown regeneration, and trees that will likely die or show poor regeneration (and thus, potential candidates for trunk coppicing).</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catry, Filipe Xavier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duarte, Inês</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acácio, Vanda</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Factors affecting post-fire crown regeneration in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) trees</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Forest Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crown regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wild w res</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wildfires</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10342-009-0259-5http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10342-009-0259-5</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">128</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">231 - 240</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak (Quercus suber) forests are acknowledged for their biodiversity and economic (mainly cork production) values. WildWres are one of the main threats contributing to cork oak decline in the Mediterranean Basin, and one major question that managers face after Wre in cork oak stands is whether the burned trees should be coppiced or not. This decision can be based on the degree of expected crown regeneration assessed immediately after Wre. In this study we carried out a post-Wre assessment of the degree of crown recovery in 858 trees being exploited for cork production in southern Portugal, 1.5 years after a wildWre. Using logistic regression, we modelled good or poor crown recovery probability as a function of tree and stand variables. The main variables inXuencing the likelihood of good or poor crown regeneration were bark thickness, charring height, aspect and tree diameter. We also developed management models, including simpler but easier to measure variables, which had a lower predictive power but can be used to help managers to identify, immediately after Wre, trees that will likely show good crown regeneration, and trees that will likely die or show poor regeneration (and thus, potential candidates for trunk coppicing).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catry, Filipe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duarte, Inês</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acácio, Vanda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva, Joaquim Sande</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A conceptual model of sprouting responses in relation to fire damage: an example with cork oak (Quercus suber L.) trees in Southern Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">apical dominance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resource allocation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resprouting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">severity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11258-008-9476-0</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77 - 85</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The sprouting response types of 1,151 cork oak (Quercus suber) trees one and half years after a wildﬁre in southern Portugal were characterised. It was hypothesised that different response types should occur according to the following conceptual model: an increased level of damage (ﬁre severity) on a sprouting tree that suffered a crown ﬁre was expected to be reﬂected in a sequence of four alternative events, namely (a) resprouting exclusively from crown, (b) simultaneous resprouting from crown and base, (c) resprouting exclusively from base and (d) plant death. To assess whether the level of expected damage was inﬂuenced by the level of protection from disturbance, we explored the relationships between response types and tree size, bark thickness and cork stripping, using an informationtheoretic approach. The more common response type was crown resprouting (68.8% of the trees), followed by plant death (15.8%), simultaneous resprouting from crown and base (10.1%) and basal resprouting (5.3%). In agreement with the conceptual model, trees which probably suffered a higher level of damage by ﬁre (larger trees with thinner bark; exploited for cork) died or resprouted exclusively from base. On the other hand, trees that were well protected (smaller trees with thicker bark not exploited for cork) were able to rebuild their canopy through crown resprouting. Simultaneous resprouting from the crown and base was determined mainly by tree size, and it was more common in smaller trees.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catry, Filipe Xavier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rego, Francisco Castro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bugalho, Miguel Nuno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopes, Tito</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva, Joaquim Sande</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of fire on tree survival and regeneration in a Mediterranean ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post-ﬁre recovery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree species</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112706007614</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">234</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal is the only European Mediterranean country where the annual average burnt area has increased in the last two decades. Although forest ﬁres at national level annually represent very important losses, few studies evaluated the mortality and the capacity of auto-regeneration of the different tree species in burnt areas. After a wildﬁre that occurred in September 2003, we started a research project in a public protected area in central west Portugal. The main goal of this study, still ongoing, is to evaluate the post-ﬁre regeneration capacity of different tree species occurring in the country. We expect to quantify the survival/mortality rates of selected tree species in relation to variables such as ﬁre severity, tree height and diameter, and evaluate species regeneration strategies as well as their growth rates after ﬁre disturbance. In this study 667 trees from 11 species were selected for monitoring, namely: Castanea sativa, Crataegus monogyna, Eucalyptus globulus, Fraxinus angustifolia, Olea europaea var. sylvestris, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea, Pistacia lentiscus, Quercus coccifera, Quercus faginea and Quercus suber. Results obtained two springs after ﬁre, show that almost all broadleaved trees (9 species) survived to the ﬁre. Contrarily, the majority of coniferous trees died after the ﬁre. Despite the very low mortality observed in broadleaved trees, most of them did not regenerate from the crown, but only from the base, trunk or roots, which means that the recovering process will be much slower. Exceptions to this were cork oak and eucalyptus. Within native species, Quercus suber is by far the most resilient to ﬁre. For most part of the monitored tree species, which resprouted from the base of the trunk, Eucalyptus globulus was the one that recovered faster, followed by Fraxinus angustifolia and Quercus faginea.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catry, Filipe Xavier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rego, Francisco Castro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bugalho, Miguel Nuno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopes, Tito</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva, Joaquim Sande</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of fire on tree survival and regeneration in a Mediterranean ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post-ﬁre recovery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree species</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">234</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S197</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal is the only European Mediterranean country where the annual average burnt area has increased in the last two decades. Although forest ﬁres at national level annually represent very important losses, few studies evaluated the mortality and the capacity of auto-regeneration of the different tree species in burnt areas. After a wildﬁre that occurred in September 2003, we started a research project in a public protected area in central west Portugal. The main goal of this study, still ongoing, is to evaluate the post-ﬁre regeneration capacity of different tree species occurring in the country. We expect to quantify the survival/mortality rates of selected tree species in relation to variables such as ﬁre severity, tree height and diameter, and evaluate species regeneration strategies as well as their growth rates after ﬁre disturbance. In this study 667 trees from 11 species were selected for monitoring, namely: Castanea sativa, Crataegus monogyna, Eucalyptus globulus, Fraxinus angustifolia, Olea europaea var. sylvestris, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea, Pistacia lentiscus, Quercus coccifera, Quercus faginea and Quercus suber. Results obtained two springs after ﬁre, show that almost all broadleaved trees (9 species) survived to the ﬁre. Contrarily, the majority of coniferous trees died after the ﬁre. Despite the very low mortality observed in broadleaved trees, most of them did not regenerate from the crown, but only from the base, trunk or roots, which means that the recovering process will be much slower. Exceptions to this were cork oak and eucalyptus. Within native species, Quercus suber is by far the most resilient to ﬁre. For most part of the monitored tree species, which resprouted from the base of the trunk, Eucalyptus globulus was the one that recovered faster, followed by Fraxinus angustifolia and Quercus faginea.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>