<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Welter, Saskia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bracho-Nuñez, Araceli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mir, Celine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zimmer, Ina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kesselmeier, Jürgen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lumaret, Roselyne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnitzler, Jörg-Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staudt, Michael</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The diversification of terpene emissions in Mediterranean oaks: lessons from a study of Quercus suber, Quercus canariensis and its hybrid Quercus afares</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Algerian oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">allozyme polymorphism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemo-taxonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemotype</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene synthase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprenoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">speciation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/32/9/1082.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1082 - 1091</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interspecific gene flow is common in oaks. In the Mediterranean, this process produced geographical differentiations and new species, which may have contributed to the diversification of the production of volatile terpenes in the oak species of this region. The endemic North African deciduous oak Quercus afares (Pomel) is considered to be a stabilized hybrid between the evergreen Quercus suber (L.) and the deciduous Quercus canariensis (Willd.), presumably being monoterpene and isoprene emitters, respectively. In a common garden experiment, we examined the terpene emission capacities, terpene synthase (TPS) activities and nuclear genetic markers in 52 trees of these three oak species. All but one of the Q. suber and Q. canariensis trees were found to be genetically pure, whereas most Q. afares trees possessed a mixed genotype with a predominance of Q. suber alleles. Analysis of the foliar terpene emissions and TPS activities revealed that all the Q. canariensis trees strongly produced isoprene while all the Q. suber trees were strong monoterpene producers. Quercus afares trees produced monoterpenes as well but at more variable and significantly lower rates, and with a monoterpene pattern different than that observed in Q. suber. Among 17 individuals tested, one Q. afares tree emitted only an insignificant amount of terpenes. No mixed isoprene/monoterpene emitter was detected. Our results suggest that the capacity and pattern of volatile terpene production in Algerian Q. afares populations have strongly diverged from those of its parental species and became quantitatively and qualitatively reduced, including the complete suppression of isoprene production.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/tps06910.1093/treephys/tps069</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kesselmeier, Jürgen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ciccioli, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuhn, Uwe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stefani, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biesenthal, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rottenberger, Stefanie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wolf, Annette</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vitullo, Marina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valentini, Ricardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nobre, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kabat, Pavel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andreae, Meinrat O.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volatile organic compound emissions in relation to plant carbon fixation and the terrestrial carbon budget</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Biogeochemical Cycles</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon cycle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">volatile organic compounds (VOC)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001813</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73 - 79</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A substantial amount of carbon is emitted by terrestrial vegetation as biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC), which contributes to the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere, to particle production and to the carbon cycle. With regard to the carbon budget of the terrestrial biosphere, a release of these carbon compounds is regarded as a loss of photosynthetically fixed carbon. The significance of this loss for the regional and global carbon cycles is controversial. We estimate the amount of VOC carbon emitted in relation to the CO2 taken up, based on our own enclosure and micrometeorological flux measurements of VOC emissions and CO2 exchange within the Mediterranean area and the tropical rainforest in Amazonia and on literature data. While VOC flux estimates are small in relation to net primary productivity and gross primary productivity, the amount of carbon lost as VOC emissions can be highly significant relative to net ecosystem productivity. In fact, VOC losses are of the same order of magnitude as net biome productivity. Although we must assume that large amounts of these reemissions are recycled within the biosphere, a substantial part can be assumed to be lost into longer-lived oxidation products that are lost from the terrestrial biosphere by transport. However, our current knowledge does not allow a reliable estimation of this carbon loss.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabriel, Reinhard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kesselmeier, Jürgen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apoplastic Solute Concentrations of Organic Acids and Mineral Nutrients in the Leaves of Several Fagaceae</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant and Cell Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apoplast</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organic acids</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://pcp.oxfordjournals.org/content/40/6/604.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">604 - 612</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ion chromatographic methods determined organic acids and main nutrient minerals in the apoplastic solution from leaves of several Fagaceae (Quercus ilex L., Quercus cerris L., Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten, and Fagus sylvatica L.). The anions of organic acids found in high amounts (250 to 650 μM) were quinate, malate, and oxalate. Lactate, pyruvate, formate and acetate were detected in relatively low amounts with concentrations between 20 and 200 μM. The total concentration of organic acids in the apoplastic sap ranged between 1.5 and 2 mM. The total concentration of inorganic cations (K+, Mg2+, NH4+, Ca2+, Na+) and anions (C1−, NO3−, SO2−4 and PO3−4) in the apoplastic sap varied between 5 and 10 mM, and 0.35 and 1.8 mM, respectively. We conclude that the concentration of organic acid ions in the leaf apoplast depends mainly on the exchange with the leaf cells and is influenced by the electrochemical gradient between the symplast and the apoplast in relation to the water potential of the leaf. The determination of formate and acetate in the apoplastic compartment of leaves lend weight to the argument that the production of these acids by trees is a important emission source to the atmosphere.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apoplastic Solute Concentrations of Organic Acids and Mineral Nutrients in the Leaves of Several Fagaceae</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant and Cell Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">604-612</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ion chromatographic methods determined organic acids and main nutrient minerals in the apoplastic solution from leaves of several Fagaceae (Quercus ilex L., Quercus cerris L., Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten, and Fagus sylvatica L.). The anions of organic acids found in high amounts (250 to 650 μM) were quinate, malate, and oxalate. Lactate, pyruvate, formate and acetate were detected in relatively low amounts with concentrations between 20 and 200 μM. The total concentration of organic acids in the apoplastic sap ranged between 1.5 and 2 mM. The total concentration of inorganic cations (K+, Mg2+, NH4+, Ca2+, Na+) and anions (C1−, NO3−, SO2−4 and PO3−4) in the apoplastic sap varied between 5 and 10 mM, and 0.35 and 1.8 mM, respectively. We conclude that the concentration of organic acid ions in the leaf apoplast depends mainly on the exchange with the leaf cells and is influenced by the electrochemical gradient between the symplast and the apoplast in relation to the water potential of the leaf. The determination of formate and acetate in the apoplastic compartment of leaves lend weight to the argument that the production of these acids by trees is a important emission source to the atmosphere.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Use of the isoprene algorithm for predicting the monoterpene emission from the Mediterranean holm oak Quercus ilex L.: Performance and limits of this approach</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">102</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23319-23328</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The algorithm developed by Guenther et al. [1991] to describe the organic emission of isoprene-emitting plants has been used for predicting monoterpene emission from Quercus ilex L., an evergreen oak typical of the Mediterranean basin. The dependence of monoterpene emission on photosynthetically active radiation and temperature has been verified through laboratory experiments carried out on single leaves as well as through field measurements at branch level. While the algorithm describes well monoterpene emission under stationary state conditions, it is less accurate when rapid fluctuations of light and temperature take place. Because of this, the isoprene algorithm is capable of predicting the response of Quercus ilex L. with an accuracy better than ±25% only in 65% of the environmental situations experienced by the plant. Field and laboratory observations consistently indicate that temperature oscillations can be an important source for the discrepancies between predicted and observed values as they can generate bursts of emission with values twice as high as those predicted by the algorithm. Possible causes generating these effects are analyzed and critically discussed. In spite of the observed limitations, the isoprene algorithm can successfully describe the biogenic emission from Quercus ilex L., and its use is advantageous as it greatly simplifies regional and global emission models, especially if the light dependence of monoterpene emission is proven to be a widespread phenomenon.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ciccioli, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fabozzi, Concetta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brancaleoni, Enzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cecinato, Angelo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frattoni, Massimiliano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loreto, Francesco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kesselmeier, Jürgen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schäfer, Luise</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bode, Kirsten</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torres, Liberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fugit, Jean-Luc</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Use of the isoprene algorithm for predicting the monoterpene emission from the Mediterranean holm oak Quercus ilex L.: Performance and limits of this approach</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogenic emission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene algorithm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">monoterpene (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97JD01372</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">102</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23319 - 23328</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The algorithm developed by Guenther et al. [1991] to describe the organic emission of isoprene-emitting plants has been used for predicting monoterpene emission from Quercus ilex L., an evergreen oak typical of the Mediterranean basin. The dependence of monoterpene emission on photosynthetically active radiation and temperature has been verified through laboratory experiments carried out on single leaves as well as through field measurements at branch level. While the algorithm describes well monoterpene emission under stationary state conditions, it is less accurate when rapid fluctuations of light and temperature take place. Because of this, the isoprene algorithm is capable of predicting the response of Quercus ilex L. with an accuracy better than ±25% only in 65% of the environmental situations experienced by the plant. Field and laboratory observations consistently indicate that temperature oscillations can be an important source for the discrepancies between predicted and observed values as they can generate bursts of emission with values twice as high as those predicted by the algorithm. Possible causes generating these effects are analyzed and critically discussed. In spite of the observed limitations, the isoprene algorithm can successfully describe the biogenic emission from Quercus ilex L., and its use is advantageous as it greatly simplifies regional and global emission models, especially if the light dependence of monoterpene emission is proven to be a widespread phenomenon.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D19</style></issue></record></records></xml>