<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jalut, Guy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esteban Amat, Augustin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonnet, Louis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gauquelin, Thierry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fontugne, Michel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene climatic changes in the Western Mediterranean, from south-east France to south-east Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climatic changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">holocene vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">western Mediterranean</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">160</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">255-290</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene climatic changes along coastal regions from south-east France to south-east Spain were studied using pollen ratios. Comparing modern pollen rain, vegetation and climate along selected transects from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean, we obtained threshold values of two diVerent ratios corresponding to the diVerent climatic conditions along the transects. These pollen ratios and threshold values were employed to characterize the Holocene climatic changes from nine Mediterranean coastal sites. The results were compared with data from marine and continental pollen sequences distributed in the western Mediterranean basin, and with additional regional data independent of human activity: lake-level ﬂuctuations, alpine glacier advance and retreat chronology, 14C anomaly and cooling phases in Eastern France and Central Europe. The role of anthropogenic activities and climate on the changes in vegetation is discussed. Six major changes in vegetation cover were identiﬁed. They correspond to aridiﬁcation phases that occurred around 9500–9000 yr BP (10 900–9700 cal BP), 7500–7000 yr BP (8400–7600 cal BP), 4500–4000 yr BP (5300–4200 cal BP), 3700–3300 yr BP (4300–3400 cal BP), 2600–1900 yr BP (2850–1730 cal BP) and 1300–1000 yr BP (1300–750 cal BP). These arid episodes were regional responses to more global climatic changes and determined the changes in the vegetation cover. Humans undoubtedly enhanced the vegetation changes, but none the less had to adapt to these new climatic conditions.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gauquelin, Thierry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bertaudiere, Valerie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montès, Nicolas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endangered stands of thuriferous juniper in the western Mediterranean basin: ecological status, conservation and management</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">degradation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juniperus thurifera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean basin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thuriferous juniper woodland</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1479-1498</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thuriferous juniper is only found in isolated parts of the western Mediterranean: France (Alps, Pyrenees and Corsican highlands), Spain, Algeria and Morocco. These semi-arid mountain stands, where thuriferous juniper trees grow in low-density open woodland, are seriously endangered: (i) In the Atlas mountains, the thuriferous juniper stands are heavily degraded as a result of the intensive wood removal and livestock activity in these densely populated areas. This situation, which will soon become irreversible unless remedial measures are urgently taken, has produced impoverished soils and hillside instability while contributing to desertiﬁcation. (ii) In Spain, although livestock activity and cultivation have strongly reduced areas occupied by Juniperus thurifera, stands are still numerous and, in some regions, show a good regeneration due to conservation measures. (iii) In France, the decline in human and livestock activities over recent decades has led to a recolonization of some of the Juniper stands by pines or oak. A forest management system that enables these original stands to survive and regenerate must be undertaken without delay. The dynamics of evolution of these stands is quite different north and south of the Mediterranean. In both cases, conservation measures are urgently required to protect or rehabilitate these original stands with ﬂoristic, ecological and socio-economic interest.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gauquelin, Thierry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bertaudiere, Valerie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montès, Nicolas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endangered stands of thuriferous juniper in the western Mediterranean basin: ecological status, conservation and management</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">degradation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juniperus thurifera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean basin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thuriferous juniper woodland</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/J5VL2061H3653038.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1479 - 1498</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thuriferous juniper is only found in isolated parts of the western Mediterranean: France (Alps, Pyrenees and Corsican highlands), Spain, Algeria and Morocco. These semi-arid mountain stands, where thuriferous juniper trees grow in low-density open woodland, are seriously endangered: (i) In the Atlas mountains, the thuriferous juniper stands are heavily degraded as a result of the intensive wood removal and livestock activity in these densely populated areas. This situation, which will soon become irreversible unless remedial measures are urgently taken, has produced impoverished soils and hillside instability while contributing to desertiﬁcation. (ii) In Spain, although livestock activity and cultivation have strongly reduced areas occupied by Juniperus thurifera, stands are still numerous and, in some regions, show a good regeneration due to conservation measures. (iii) In France, the decline in human and livestock activities over recent decades has led to a recolonization of some of the Juniper stands by pines or oak. A forest management system that enables these original stands to survive and regenerate must be undertaken without delay. The dynamics of evolution of these stands is quite different north and south of the Mediterranean. In both cases, conservation measures are urgently required to protect or rehabilitate these original stands with ﬂoristic, ecological and socio-economic interest.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>