<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lozano-Parra, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maneta, M P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate and topographic controls on simulated pasture production in a semiarid Mediterranean watershed with scattered tree cover</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">degradation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecohydrology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasslands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pasture production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semiarid rangelands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1439-1456</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural grasses in semiarid rangelands constitute an effective protection against soil erosion and degradation, are a source of natural food for livestock and play a critical role in the hydrologic cycle by contributing to the uptake and transpiration of water. However, natural pastures are threatened by land abandonment and the consequent encroachment of shrubs and trees as well as by changing climatic conditions. In spite of their ecological and economic importance, the spatiotemporal variations of pasture production at the decadal-century scales over whole watersheds are poorly known. We used a physically based, spatially distributed ecohydrologic model applied to a 99.5 ha semiarid watershed in western Spain to investigate the sensitivity of pasture production to climate variability. The ecohydrologic model was run using a 300-year-long synthetic daily climate data set generated using a stochastic weather generator. The data set reproduced the range of climatic variations observed under the current climate. Results indicated that variation of pasture production largely depended on factors that also determined the availability of soil moisture such as the temporal distribution of precipitation, topography, and tree canopy cover. The latter is negatively related with production, reflecting the importance of rainfall and light interception, as well as water consumption by trees. Valley bottoms and flat areas in the lower parts of the catchment are characterized by higher pasture production but more interannual variability. A quantitative assessment of the quality of the simulations showed that ecohydrologic models are a valuable tool to investigate long-term (century scale) water and energy fluxes, as well as vegetation dynamics, in semiarid rangelands.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibáñez, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contador, J F Lavado</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández, M Pulido</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valderrama, J Martínez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A model-based integrated assessment of land degradation by water erosion in a valuable Spanish rangeland</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Modelling &amp; Software</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa rangeland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Integrated assessment model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land degradation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">System dynamics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201-213</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents an integrated assessment model aimed at evaluating land degradation by water erosion in dehesa rangelands in the Iberian Peninsula. The model is built following the system dynamics approach. The degradation risk is likened to the probability of losing a certain amount of soil within a number of years, as estimated over a great number of stochastic simulations. Complementary indicators are the average times needed to lose different amounts of soil over the simulations. A group of exogenous factors are ranked in order of importance. These factors are mainly climatic and economic and potentially affect soil erosion. Calibration is carried out for a typical dehesa defined over 22 working units selected from 10 representative farms distributed throughout the Spanish region of Extremadura. The degradation risk turns out to be moderate. The importance of climatic factors on soil erosion considerably exceeds that of those linked to human activities.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbancho, A C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bolinches, C</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grandal, A and Pages, L</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of scale on surface runoff processes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CADERNOS DO LABORATORIO XEOLOXICO DE LAXE 21</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">surface runoff</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDICIOS CASTRO</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O CASTRO DE SAMOEDO, 15168 SADA, LA CORUNA, SPAIN</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">91-102</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In a small catchment under the so-called dehesa landuse system, the production of surface runoff is investigated at different scales. This includes experiments with simulated rainfall at micro-plots, event-based measurements of overland flow at 17 open plots and 1 closed plot, and discharge production of the catchment and subcatchment. The runoff coefficients of the considered scales form two groups, with low values for the catchment and sub-catchment and high values for the microplots and hillslope plots. The results show that large part of runoff produced at the slopes is infiltrated afterwards at colluvial sites and the valley floors. Furthermore, they indicate the importance of studying at various scales in order to understand the hydrological processes operating in catchments.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>