<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez-Galiano, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mauri, P V</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Altman, A and Ziv, M</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liquid medium culture of Quercus suber L somatic embryos comparation between liquid and solid culture and among different growing media</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HORTICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IN VITRO CULTURE AND BREEDING</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">liquid culture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mature embryos</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">149-151</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90-6605-909-5</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The objective of this study was to overcome two of the limiting factors of the standard culture protocol, in agar solidified medium, of cork oak somatic embryos: the low rate of mature embryos obtained, and the high labor and time consumed. First experiment. Immature somatic embryos of 2 mm. length were cultured for 30 days in four different growing media: 1/2SH{*}, SH{*}, 2xSH{*} and MS, both in solid and liquid phase. Higher fresh weights were detected, in every media, using liquid culture. In relation to developmental pattern, liquid culture in 1/2SH{*} has demonstrated to be the most effective combination for the first developmental stages producing lower percentages of secondary embryogenesis. Second experiment. Immature somatic embryos were cultured for 15 days in liquid 1/2SH{*} and transferred to the four different media. The richest media were shown to be more appropriated for the maturation stage giving higher rates of mature embryos.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GARCÍA-MARTÍN, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez-Galiano, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mauri, P V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somática, Embriogénesis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multiplicación vegetativa de alcornoque mediante embriogénesis somática.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">II Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ABA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BaP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">germination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">liquid culture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">maturation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">somatic embryos</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pamplona</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">249-252</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In order to obtain cork oak clones from selected individuals, somatic embryogenesis was induced in leaves. Somatic embryos can be continuously subcultured with high proliferation rates. This culture system has sorne limiting factors: low percentage of mature embryos obtained, low rate of shoot emergence during germination and high labour and time consumed. Exogenous addition of ABA (l0-6M) concentration during proliferation increased maturation rateo In the same way addition of. BAP (0,001 mg/l) had a positive effect on shoot production. With the aim to obtain a first approach to automation the best culture media for both culture cycles of maturation in liquid medium were determined.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mauri, P V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez-Galiano, E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRODUCCIÓN DE PLANTA CLONAL DE QUERcus ILEX L. MEDIANTE EMBRIOGÉNESIS SOMÁTICA PARA MICORRIZACIÓN CON TUBER MELANOSPORUM Vitt.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">II Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Growth Regulators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuber melanosporum Vitt.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">zygotic embryos</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pamplona</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">395-400</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L. is the most important tree for the micorritation with Tuber melanosporum Vitt. Quercus ilex L. acorns were collected during the summer and they were surface sterilized with a 15% NaC10H solution. Zygotic embryos were then plated in darlrness during 30 days in a MS medium containing PRL-4-C macrosalts. Different concentrations of growth regulators (NAA, BA and 2,4D) were added to the basic medium for inducting somatic embryogenesis. Explants were transferred to a basal medium supplemented with 0,5 MBA and 0,5 MNAA, during 30 days in light. The somatic embryogenesis response appeared in every media assayed, even in the one with no PGRs, except in those containing 3. M 2,4D. The somatic embryos appeared from embryogenic yellow, friable callus or directly from the apical axis. Once the embryonic callus was transferred to PGRs free medium, secondary embryogenesis appeared repetitively. Somatic embryogenesis in Quercus ilex L. seems not to dependent on the PGRs added, appearing even with no PGRs. Secondary embryogenesis allows a continuing production of somatic embryos, essential to obtain high amounts of clonal plants.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>