<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HEREDIA, N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TORRES SANCHEZ, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OLIET, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VILLAR-SALVADOR, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BENITO, L F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PEÑUELAS, J L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influencia de la fertilización y del régimen térmico durante el cultivo en la aclimatación al frío de Quercus ilex L.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">V Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">encina</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endurecimiento</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fv/Fm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">helada</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">localidad de cultivo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nitrógeno</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrición</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vivero</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-12</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">las reservas de nutrientes de las plantas sin alterar su morfología pero también puede limitar el endurecimiento de la planta. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: i) conocer si la fertilización durante las últimas etapas de cultivo influye en la aclimatación al frío de Quercus ilex; ii) analizar si el efecto de la fertilización sobre la aclimatación al frío depende de la temperatura del lugar de cultivo, y iii) establecer el tiempo que debe transcurrir desde la helada para detectar su daño por fluorescencia. Se cultivaron plantas del mismo lote de bellotas en dos viveros de temperaturas invernales contrastadas, uno en Guadalajara de inviernos severos y otro en Córdoba de inviernos suaves. En cada localidad, las plantas se cultivaron con cuatro regímenes de fertilización: fertilización constante, tanto con alta y baja concentración de N, constante baja con sobrecarga otoñal y fertilización con alta concentración de N exponencial. En tres fechas a lo largo del otoño e invierno, se sometieron las plantas a heladas de -12, -18 y -25oC, y el daño experimentado se evaluó con medidas de fluorescencia, dos y siete días después de la helada. No se observaron en el test, diferencias de resistencia al frío entre los tratamientos de fertilización en ninguna de las fechas. En cambio, en las plantas de Guadalajara que permanecieron al aire libre y sufrieron el régimen de heladas natural sí se observaron diferencias de resistencia al frío entre tratamientos de fertilización. Las plantas fertilizadas exponencialmente y las sobrecargadas en otoño mostraron más daño que las fertilizadas con régimen de fertilización constante. Ello indica que la forma en la que las plantas experimentan la helada puede condicionar las conclusiones del efecto de la fertilización sobre la aclimatación al frío. En todas las fechas, las plantas de Guadalajara mostraron mayor resistencia al frío que las de Córdoba. Finalmente, el daño por frío se detectó ya al segundo día después de realizar el test de helada, tanto en mediciones de fluorescencia al alba como al mediodía</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benayas, J M R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuesta, Bárbara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VILLAR-SALVADOR, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jáuregui, Pedro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life-history traits in an evergreen Mediterranean oak respond differentially to previous experimental environments</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Web Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">canopy volume</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental conditions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">management (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shoot/root ratio</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74-83</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Living organisms respond both to current and previous environments, which can have important consequences on population dynamics. However, there is little experimental evidence based on long-term field studies of the effects of previous environments on the performance of individuals. We tested the hypothesis that trees that establish under different environmental conditions perform differently under similar post-establishment conditions. We used the slow-growing, evergreen Mediterranean oak Quercus ilex subsp. rotundifolia as target species. We analyzed the effects of previous environments, competition effects and tradeoffs among life-history traits (survival, growth, and reproduction). We enhanced seedling establishment for three years by reducing abiotic environmental harshness by means of summer irrigation and artificial shading in 12 experimental plots, while four plots remained as controls. Then these treatments were interrupted for ten years. Seedlings under ameliorated environmental conditions survived and grew faster during early establishment. During the post-management period, previous treatments 1) did not have any effect on survival, 2) experienced a slower above-ground growth, 3) decreased root biomass as indicated from reflectivity of Ground Penetration Radar, 4) increased acorn production mostly through a greater canopy volume and 5) increased acorn production effort. The trees exhibited a combination of effects related to acclimation for coping with abiotic stress and effects of intra-specific competition. In accordance with our hypothesis, tree performance overall depended on previous environmental conditions, and the response was different for different life-history traits. We recommend early management because it increased plot cover, shortened the time to attain sexual maturity and increased the amount of acorn production. Plots such as those assessed in this study may act as sources of propagules in deforested agricultural landscapes thus aiding natural establishment of new plants</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VILLAR-SALVADOR, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Planelles, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enrı́quez, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubira, J.Peñuelas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nursery cultivation regimes, plant functional attributes, and field performance relationships in the Mediterranean oak Quercus ilex L.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nitrogen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nursery fertilisation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">root growth capacity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shading</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">196</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">257-266</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study we have addressed the effect of nitrogen fertilisation and shading used during nursery growth on the functional quality of Quercus ilex L. (holm oak) seedlings and their outplanting performance in an abandoned continental Mediterranean cropland. Three N fertilisation regimes: high and low fertilisation (154 and 34 mg N per plant, respectively) and no fertilisation, combined with two shade levels (full sun and 45% shade) were studied. Fertilisation increased the shoot size, shoot to root mass ratio (S/R), root N, and both shoot and root P concentration of the plants produced in the nursery. Fertilisation also enhanced the capacity of new root formation. Neither tissue K nor root mass was affected by N fertilisation. Shading increased S/R and root K concentration but reduced both shoot and root N concentration. Two years after planting, unfertilised seedlings had higher mortality and grew signiﬁcantly less than those cultivated at both a low and a high fertilisation level. Shading during nursery growth had no inﬂuence on the outplanting performance of holm oak seedlings. Plants with a larger shoot and higher S/R had lower mortality and grew faster than those with a smaller shoot and lower S/R. Outplanting performance of holm oak seedlings was related with root N and P concentration and with RGC. No relationship was found with either shoot nutrient concentration or root mass. We conclude that high N fertilisation of holm oak seedlings in the nursery can improve their early ﬁeld establishment in the afforestation Mediterranean abandoned croplands.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VILLAR-SALVADOR, P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stem xylem features in three Quercus (Fagaceae) species along a climatic gradient in NE Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees-Structure and …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">huber value</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall gradient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">winter temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wood anatomy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90-96</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stem xylem features in two evergreen Quercus species (Q. coccifera and Q. ilex) and a deciduous one (Q. faginea) were analysed along an Atlantic-Mediterranean climatic gradient in which rainfall and winter cold experi- ence strong variation. Mean maximum vessel diameter, vessel density, vessel element length, xylem transverse sectional area, Huber value (xylem transverse sectional area per leaf area unit), theoretical leaf specific conductiv- ity (estimated hydraulic conductance per leaf area unit) and total leaf area were determined in 3-year-old branches. Q. faginea presented the widest vessels and the highest theo- retical leaf specific conductivity while Q. coccifera showed the lowest total leaf area and the highest Huber value. Studied features did not exhibit significant correlations with mean minimum January temperature in any species but did show significant relationships with rainfall. In Q. coccifera, mean maximum vessel diameter, vessel element length and theoretical leaf specific conductivity increased with higher rainfall while vessel density decreased. Mean maximum vessel diameter and total leaf area in Q. ilex increased with precipitation whereas variables of Q. faginea did not show any significant trend. Results suggest that aridity, rather than minimum winter temperature, controls stem xylem responses in the studied evergreen species. Q. faginea traits did not show any response to precipitation, probably because this species develops deep roots, which in turn makes edaphic and topographic factors more important in the control of soil water availability. In response to aridity Q. coccifera only exhibits adjustment at a xylem level by reducing its water transport capacity through a reduction of vessel diameter without changing the amount of xylem tissue or foliage, whereas Q. ilex adjusts its water transport capacity in parallel to the foliage area.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>