<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruiz-Peinado, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juarez, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roig, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The contribution of two common shrub species to aboveground and belowground carbon stock in Iberian dehesas</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Arid Environments</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agro-silvo-pastoral system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon balance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cistus ladanifer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">retama sphaerocarpa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Root:shoot ratio</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">91</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22-30</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrubs play an important role in water-limited agro-silvo-pastoral systems by providing shelter and forage for livestock, for erosion control, to maintain biodiversity, diversifying the landscape, and above all, facilitating the regeneration of trees. Furthermore, the carbon sink capacity of shrubs could also help to mitigate the effects of climate change since they constitute a high proportion of total plant biomass. The contribution of two common extensive native shrub species (Cistus ladanifer L. and Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss.) to the carbon pool of Iberian dehesas (Mediterranean agro-silvo-pastoral systems) is analyzed through biomass models developed at both individual (biovolume depending) and community level (height and cover depending). The total amount of carbon stored in these shrubs, including above- and belowground biomass, ranges from 1.8 to 11.2 Mg C ha 1 (mean 6.8 Mg C ha 1 ) for communities of C. ladanifer and from 2.6 to 8.6 Mg C ha 1 (mean 4.5 Mg C ha 1 ) for R. sphaerocarpa. These quantities account for over 20e30% of the total plant biomass in the system. The potential for carbon sequestration of these shrubs in the studied system ranges 0.10e1.32 Mg C ha 1 year 1 and 0.25e1.25 Mg C ha 1 year 1 for the C. ladanifer and R. sphaerocarpa communities’ respectively</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruiz-Peinado Gertrudix, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">del Rio, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biomass models to estimate carbon stocks for hardwood tree species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Systems; Vol 21, No 1 (2012)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">aboveground biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">additivity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">belowground biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon Sequestration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hardwood species</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To estimate forest carbon pools from forest inventories it is necessary to have biomass models or biomass expansion factors. In this study, tree biomass models were developed for the main hardwood forest species in Spain: Alnus glutinosa , Castanea sativa , Ceratonia siliqua , Eucalyptus globulus , Fagus sylvatica , Fraxinus angustifolia , Olea europaea var. sylvestris , Populus x euramericana , Quercus canariensis , Quercus faginea , Quercus ilex , Quercus pyrenaica and Quercus suber . Different tree biomass components were considered: stem with bark, branches of different sizes, above and belowground biomass. For each species, a system of equations was fitted using seemingly unrelated regression, fulfilling the additivity property between biomass components. Diameter and total height were explored as independent variables. All models included tree diameter whereas for the majority of species, total height was only considered in the stem biomass models and in some of the branch models. The comparison of the new biomass models with previous models fitted separately for each tree component indicated an improvement in the accuracy of the models. A mean reduction of 20% in the root mean square error and a mean increase in the model efficiency of 7% in comparison with recently published models. So, the fitted models allow estimating more accurately the biomass stock in hardwood species from the Spanish National Forest Inventory data.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gea-Izquierdo, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, I</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changes in limiting resources determine spatio-temporal variability in tree–grass interactions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abiotic stress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facilitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grass production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">375-387</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changing biotic and abiotic stress mediate in plant–plant interactions resulting in positive to neutral or negative effects, and these effects can change with gradients of stress or through plant dynamics. Here we studied the variability in annual grass production and composition induced by gradients of intercepted light by trees in years of contrasting precipitation in Mediterranean holm oak open woodlands. Although trees reduce the light radiance received by the pasture community, the presence of trees generally had a positive effect on pasture production in average climatic years where soil fertility was low. However, the interaction changed with increasing abiotic water stress. In a dry year, the increase in fertility could not be utilized and the effect of the crown was neutral. The effect of shade turned out to be beneﬁcial for growth, contrary to the situation in an average climatic year. Light insolation was positive for legume biomass. There was high variability in functional components over the course of the growing period and from 1 year to another. Under low levels of other biotic stresses such as livestock grazing or root competition, the limiting factor among light, soil moisture or soil nutrients may determine whether facilitation or competition occurs.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gea-Izquierdo, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acorn production in Spanish holm oak woodlands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agrosilvopastoral systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fruit production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">339-354</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present a review on the state-of-the-art of fruit prodution in Western Iberia woodlands («dehesas»), and particularly in Q. ilex (holm oak) «dehesas». This threatened ecosystem is of very high ecological and economical importance. Quercus sp. fruits (acorns) are essential for wildlife, and for pig fattening in «dehesas». In the first part of this review we briefly describe the phenology of the holm oak and the factors affecting acorn morphology and chemical composition. In the second half we analyze the main known factors reported in the literature that determine acorn production: pruning, stand characteristics, and site (weather and soil). We make several suggestions to improve future research and detect the existing gaps in the undertanding of acorn production. Fruit production is highly variable, both between and within years and individuals. The mean production in «dehesas» (mean density circa 50 trees/ha) is around 250-600 kg/ha (≈100 g/canopy-m2 , CV&gt; 100%). Acorn morphology is also very variable, with mean sound acorn size around 3.5 × 1.6 cm, CV ≈ 10% (3.5 g/acorn, CV &gt; 50%). Silviculture plays an essential role in acorn production. Acorn production per tree seems to be negatively related to density. The effect of pruning is less clear: production seems to be reduced in the first and second years after pruning. After the third year it is not possible to discern from the literature whether there is any response to pruning or not. Weather and soil (site) also impact production and their effects should be explored in future management. The influence of genetics is unknown and should also be addressed. Longer data series are necessary. The dasometric features of the stands need to be characterized, in order to better understand production and compare results from different locations. Much research is still required to understand the functioning of fruiting in these woodlands.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanchez-Gonzalez, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Generalized height-diameter and crown diameter prediction models for cork oak forests in Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Investigación Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos Forestales</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crown width</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest growth modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">height-diameter relationship</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed effects models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76-88</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A generalized height-diameter equation, along with a crown diameter prediction equation for cork oak forests in Spain were developed based on data from the Second Spanish Forest Inventory. Nine generalised height-diameter equations were selected as candidate functions to model the height-diameter under cork relationship, while for the crown diameter prediction model five linear and non-linear equations were tested. The equations were fitted using the mixedeffects model approach. The Stoffels &amp; Van Soest power equation, constrained to pass through the point of dominant diameter and dominant height, was selected as the generalised height-diameter model. Regarding the crown diameter prediction model, the parable function without the intercept and with quadratic mean diameter incorporated as a fixed effect into the b parameter, proved to be the model with best prediction capabilities. The models were validated by characterising the model error using the PRESS (Prediction Sum of Squares) statistic. Both equations will be submodels of the ALCORNOQUE v1.0, a management oriented growth and yield model for cork oak forests in Spain.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ortega, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villarroya, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chueca, M C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia-Baudin, J M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The implantation of cork oak (Quercus suber L) make use of herbicides: Preliminary results</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONGRESS 1997 - SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE MALHERBOLOGIA, PROCEEDINGS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herbicides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA MALHERBOLOGIA</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEPARTAMENTO HORTOFRUTICULTURA , BOTANICA I JARDINERIA ETSEA, UNIVERSITAT LLEIDA, 25198 LLEIDA, SPAIN</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">343-346</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The response of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) to different rates of hexazinone, simazine and pendimetaline herbicides applied with a logaritmic sprayer, was studied. The effect on weeds of these herbicicles was also studied.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TORRES, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suárez, M A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ortega, C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INFLUENCIA DE LA DENSIDAD DE LA MASA EN LA CALIDAD Y PRODUCCION DE CORCHO EN LOS ALCORNOCALES DE CORTES DE LA FRONTERA (MALAGA)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Congreso Forestal Español, Lourizán - Pontevedra. 1993</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork-oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">silviculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stand density</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">563-568</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The influence of stand density on cork yield was evaluated for the Cortes de la Frontera (Spain) cork oak stand. Fifty five experimental plots were installed. The modular values of several variables which define cork oak yield potential of a tree, are presented by stand densitY'clusters (basal area groups). Likewise, many stand variables for different basal areas were studied</style></abstract></record></records></xml>