<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abril, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliveras, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez, C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foraging Activity and Dietary Spectrum of the Argentine Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Invaded Natural Areas of the Northeast Iberian Peninsula</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Entomology,</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Argentine ant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dietary spectrum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">foraging activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linepithema humile</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1166-1173</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We analyzed the foraging activity and the dietary spectrum of the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile Mayr) and select native ants on cork oaks from Mediterranean open cork oak (Quercus suber) secondary forests. The study areas included invaded and noninvaded zones in close proximity. The Argentine ant's daily foraging activity was correlated to the abiotic factors studied, whereas the seasonal foraging activity was related not only to the variations in the average air temperature, but also to the trophic needs of the colony. Argentine ant workers focused their attention on protein foods during the queens' oviposition periods and during the larvae development phase, and on carbohydrate foods, such as honeydew, when males and workers were hatching. There were no significant differences over the entire year in the quantity of liquid food collected by the Argentine ant workers in comparison with the native ants studied. The solid diet of the Argentine ant on cork oaks is composed of insects, most of which are aphids. Our results have clear applications for control methods based on toxic baits in the invaded natural ecosystems of the Iberian Peninsula.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blancafort, X</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez, C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Downfall of pollen carriage by ants after Argentine ant invasion in two Mediterranean Euphorbia species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VIE ET MILIEU-LIFE AND ENVIRONMENT</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological invasion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen carriage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollination</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBSERVATOIRE OCEANOLOGIQUE BANYULS</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LABORATOIRE ARAGO, BP 44, 66651 BANYULS-SUR-MER CEDEX, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">243-246</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We have studied the influence of Argentine ant invasion on the level of pollen grain carriage by ants in Euphorbia characias and E. biumbellata, two deciduous shrubs visited by ants. The observations were made in two contiguous areas, invaded and non-invaded by the Argentine ant Linepithema humile, in a Mediterranean cork-oak forest. In the invaded area L. humile displaced all native ants that climb to the cyathia of the inflorescences, except Plagiolepis pygmaea, a tiny ant species. Eight native ant species were detected in non-invaded areas. Camponotus cruentatus (52.06 +/- 5.57 pollen grains carried per ant worker of E. characias and 38.84 +/- 6.82 pollen grains of E. biumbellata, mean se) and Camponotus piceus (42.80 +/- 21.57 pollen grains of E. biumbellata) carried much more pollen than L. humile worker ants (0.37 +/- 0.06 pollen grains of E. characias and 0.44 +/- 0.21 pollen grains of E. biumbellata). The Argentine ant and the native ants collected nectar, but C. cruentatus, the visiting ant species most abundant in the non-invaded area, touched the anthers or the stigma of the flowers three times more frequently than the Argentine ant. These results suggest the Argentine ant displace the native ants and that the invasion could interfere with natural visitors or potential pollinators in several plants.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliveras, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bas, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez, C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long-term consequences of the alteration of the seed dispersal process of Euphorbia characias due to the Argentine ant invasion</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOGRAPHY</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WILEY-BLACKWELL</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">662-672</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The alteration of the seed dispersal process due to the Argentine ant invasion and its consequences on emergence, recruitment, distribution, and survival of seedlings of Euphorbia characias were analyzed. The study was carried out in two zones of Mediterranean cork-oak secondary forest, one invaded by L. humile and the other non-invaded. Two cohorts of E. characias seedlings (those emerged in 2001 and those emerged in 2002) were studied in three study plots in each zone. The level of seed loss due to lack of viability, parasitizing, and vertebrate predation did not differ between the two zones. The mean seed sowing depth was lower in the invaded zone (13.5 mm) than in the non-invaded zone (22.4 mm). This depth difference implies a longer time needed for seedlings to emerge in the non-invaded zone but not a different emergence percent under laboratory conditions. In the field study plots seedling recruitment did not differ between the two zones, probably due to the trade-off between the differences in the initial number of seeds released (higher in the non-invaded zone) and the different emergence proportions (higher in the invaded zone). As for the spatial characteristics of emerged seedlings, no differences in the mean seedling distance to the nearest inflorescence or to the nearest seedling or in the pattern of seedling distribution were found between zones. Seedling survival was assessed once a month until they had reached maturity or until all of them had died. The median seedling survival time was similar between the invaded and the non-invaded zones. Survival curves also did not differ between zones. The present study suggests a functional equivalence of the Argentine ant after the replacement of the native ant species. Despite the initial differences found, the final reproductive success of E. characias was not altered after the invasion. However, the case of E. characias seems unlikely to be the rule, and the seed dynamics of other species may be altered, i.e. increased or decreased, and thus positively or negatively affected by the invasion.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pons, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bas, J M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of the Argentine ant Linepithema humile on seed dispersal and seedling emergence of Rhamnus alaternus</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOGRAPHY</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WILEY-BLACKWELL</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">532-538</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We studied influence of the Argentine ant's Linepithema humile occurrence on seed dispersal of Rhamnus alaternus (Rhamnaceae). Rhamnus alaternus is a fleshy fruit plant dispersed primarily by birds; the seeds have an elaiosome attractive to ants. The observations were made in two study plots of Mediterranean cork-oak forests (one invaded and the other not invaded by L. humile) over two years. For R. alaternus, presence of L. humile was associated with of the following: reduction of seed transport to ant nests (80.2% of seed offered were removed in non-invaded vs 7.1% in invaded area), a shorter seed dispersal distance (mean = 90.2 cm, in non-invaded vs 1.1 cm in invaded area), increase in seed retention time on the soil surface (median time in non-invaded was 50 vs 209.2 min in invaded area) and increased vulnerability to predation. In addition there was lower probability of seedling emergence, due to little elaiosome removal from the seeds (82.0% of emergence for seeds without elaiosome and 57.3% for seeds with elaiosome). These results, similar to findings obtained in South African fynbos, confirm that the Argentine ant invasion can strongly affect ecosystem processes in the Mediterranean biome.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casellas, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliveras, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bas, J M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure of ground-foraging ant assemblages in relation to land-use change in the northwestern Mediterranean region</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional groups</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indicator species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2135-2146</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The abandonment by humans of marginal and less productive zones signiﬁes an important change in land use in North Mediterranean agroecosystems. Human perturbations have led to a highly diversiﬁed landscape, with a mosaic made up of patches of land at different stages of succession, from cultivated ﬁelds to closed forest. Our aim here is to characterize ant assemblages and their functional groups in response to these land-use changes. This progressive abandonment results in an initial increase in ant richness and abundance, which can reach high levels if the succession proceeds as far as woodland. In terms of the ant functional groups, this land-use change implies: (1) the appearance of Subordinate Camponotini; (2) an increase in Generalized Myrmicinae, Cryptics and Cold-climate specialists in terms of ant species richness, overall abundance and, for Generalized Myrmicinae and Cryptics, an increase in abundance percentage; (3) a decrease in percentage abundance of Opportunists; (4) a progressive decrease in species richness as well as overall and percentage abundance of Hot-climate Specialists throughout the transformation from crops to woodlands; and (5) an initial increase of Dominant Dolichoderinae followed by a decrease in ant species richness, overall abundance and percentage abundance. Using the ant functional group approach for the clearly separate stages of the regeneration process is a promising method for comparing responses of ant communities to human land use.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>