<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alessio, G. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Lillis, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implications of foliar terpene content and hydration on leaf flammability of Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">foliar hydration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf flammability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus halepensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">terpene content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2007.00011.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123 - 128</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We investigated the implications of foliar hydration and terpene content on leaf flammability in two widely distributed forest species of the Mediterranean basin, Quercus ilex, which does not store terpenes, and Pinus halepensis, a terpene-storing species. The experiments were carried out in plants grown under different water regimes that generated a wide range of foliar hydration and terpene contents. We monitored the temperatures and time elapsed to reach the smoke, pyrolysis and flame phases. Smoke appeared much earlier (37 versus 101 s) and at lower temperatures (96 versus 139 °C) in Quercus ilex than in Pinus halepensis. Quercus ilex reached pyrolysis earlier than Pinus halepensis (278 versus 338 s) but at the same temperature (365–371 °C). There were no significant differences in time elapsed nor in temperature for flammability (386–422 s; 505–487 °C in both species). Quercus ilex had lower water hydration than Pinus halepensis (41 versus 100%) and the leaf content of terpenes in Quercus was three orders of magnitude lower. The results of this study show no differences in the flame phase between the two species and the absence of a significant relationship between temperature and elapsed time of the different flammability phases in relation to monoterpene content; thus indicating that the role of monoterpenes in flammability phases is smaller than that of the water content. This, however, does not exclude the effects of terpene content on plant combustibility and fire propagation once fires start.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alessio, G. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ogaya, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estiarte, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Lillis, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arbutus unedo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cistus albidus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">emission and content of volatile compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erica multiflora</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Globularia alypum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phillyrea latifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus halepensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pistacia lentiscus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosmarinus officinalis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">274 - 286</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the Mediterranean basin, fires are a major concern for forest and shrubland ecosystems. We studied flammability, its seasonality and its relationship with leaf moisture and volatile terpene content and emission in the dominant species of a Mediterranean shrubland and forest in Catalonia ( NE Iberian Peninsula). We measured temperatures and time elapsed between the three flammability phases: smoke, pyrolysis and flame, for four seasons. We sampled twice in spring because of an occasional drought period during this season. Flammability had a significant relationship with leaf hydration, in the shrubland and in the forest. Few and only weak correlations were found between terpene content and flammability. In the future, arid conditions projected by climatic and ecophysiological models will increase fire risk through decreased hydration and subsequent increased flammability of the species.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Short-term responses of terpene emission rates to experimental changes of PFD in Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex in summer field conditions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental and Experimental Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">a-pinene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">d 3 -carene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">field conditions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">limonene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pfd</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthetic rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus halepensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terpene emission</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098847299000180</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61 - 68</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The diurnal relationships of monoterpene emission with PFD and photosynthetic rates were studied in the Mediterranean trees Pinus halepensis, a terpene storing species, and Quercus ilex, a non-storing species, under summer ﬁeld conditions. At morning, midday and evening, leaves were submitted to different irradiance levels by differentially shading them. Both species emitted large amounts of monoterpenes (about 20 mg g DM1 h1 ). The most emitted terpene by P. halepensis was D 3 -carene followed by b-myrcene, a-pinene and b-pinene. The most emitted terpene by Q. ilex was limonene followed by a-pinene and b-pinene. No clear correlation to temperature was found for Q. ilex emission within the diurnal range of 21–33°C, whereas P. halepensis emissions increased with the temperature. There was no consistent link between terpene emissions and PFD or photosynthetic rates for P. halepensis but there were signiﬁcant relationships for Q. ilex. However, emissions by Q. ilex became inhibited at highest PFDs and during the course of the day when net photosynthesis decreased under summer drought. The study shows that the emission rates of both species are highly variable and that during a hot Mediterranean summer day (with limited water availability) the diurnal variation of emission is not only driven by the common light and temperature dependencies. Water stress, branch-to-branch variability and other inﬂuences must explain great part of the observed variability</style></abstract></record></records></xml>