<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plieninger, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modolell y Mainou, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konold, W</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land manager attitudes toward management, regeneration, and conservation of Spanish holm oak savannas (dehesas)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landowner motivations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rangeland policy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">185-198</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological conservation in Spanish dehesas critically depends on the long-term persistence of a holm oak tree layer.Managers of private estates in Cáceres province, Spain, were surveyed about their conservation attitudes and behavior, especially as regards the widespread regeneration failure of oak stands. The aim was to define land-user perspectives on oak conservation in dehesas as basis for the design of suitable oak regeneration programs. Dehesa estates are managed diversely for a variety of goals, with lamb and beef production predominating. Small operations (‘minifundios’) had significantly higher stocking levels than large operations (‘latifundios’). Results suggest that managers strongly appreciate oaks, both for income- and non-income-related motivations like the preservation of real estate value or family tradition. Concern about threats to oak stands like lacking regeneration, oak decline, or conversion in urban areas varied in intensity, but most managers expected major changes for the future. Statistical relationships were established between oak appreciation and socio-economic variables like age, land ownership, years the operation had been owned by the family, and use of oak products. The survey revealed great confusion about existing oak conservation regulations. For long-term support to be assured, policy should orient its efforts toward conservation incentive schemes, environmental education, and technical assistance.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plieninger, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wilbrand, C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use, biodiversity conservation, and rural development in the dehesas of Cuatro Lugares, Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">economic output</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">livestock</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pastoralism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rangeland</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23-34</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesas are an agrosilvopastoral system that has enhanced the maintenance of an extraordinarily high biodiversity. The traditional use is characterized by mixed livestock raising at low stocking densities, employment of hardy regional breeds and an elaborated maintenance and exploitation of holm oaks. Livestock production has traditionally been accompanied by arable systems with long rotations and closed nutrient cycles without external inputs of fodder, fertilizers and agro-chemicals. Modern trends are a specialization toward lamb and beef production and the employment of intensive techniques like freerange grazing at high stocking levels or crossbreeding with high-performance breeds. A model income statement shows that livestock create an income of 49.91 US$ per ewe per year on an average basis. The central problem for the continuity of the dehesas is the gradual decay of the tree canopy. Intensification of agricultural production and the abandonment of traditional grazing practices additionally threaten biodiversity within the dehesas. The authors suggest the foundation of a biosphere reserve in Cuatro Lugares as a framework for a sustainable development of the dehesas.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>