<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forecasted stability of Mediterranean evergreen species considering global changes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GLOBAL CHANGE AND PROTECTED AREAS</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">245-252</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0-7923-6918-1</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant communities of the Mediterranean climate Regions are exposed to&lt;br/&gt;high temperatures, high radiation and water stress during summer, they&lt;br/&gt;are dominated by evergreen sclerophyllous species and drought semi&lt;br/&gt;deciduous species. To define the adaptive strategies, anatomical and&lt;br/&gt;morphological leaf traits of Quercus ilex L., Phillyrea latifolia L.&lt;br/&gt;(typical evergreen sclerophyllous species) and Cistus incanus L., (a&lt;br/&gt;drought semi deciduous species), growing in the Mediterranean maquis&lt;br/&gt;along Pome's coast line (Italy) were analysed. The typical evergreen&lt;br/&gt;sclerophyllous species have long leaf life span (from 1 to 4 years),&lt;br/&gt;steeper leaf inclination (average 56 degrees), higher specific leaf mass&lt;br/&gt;(average 21.3 mg cm(-2)) and the highest leaf thickness (average 324&lt;br/&gt;mum). The semi deciduous species have a lower leaf life span (from 4 to&lt;br/&gt;8 months), a lower leaf inclination (44 degrees +/- 13 degrees), a lower&lt;br/&gt;specific leaf mass (14.7 +/-1.5 mg cm(-2)) and a lower leaf thickness&lt;br/&gt;(244 +/- 15 mum). The more xeromorphyc species (Q. ilex and P.&lt;br/&gt;latifolia) may be at a competitive advantage considering the forecasted&lt;br/&gt;air temperature increase in the Mediterranean basin. Increasing drought&lt;br/&gt;stress may in fact determine a shortening of leaf life span that may&lt;br/&gt;prove to be critical for C. incanus. Knowledge of plant response to&lt;br/&gt;stress factors is important in the perspective of climatic changes.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meeting on Global Change and Protected Areas, LAQUILA, ITALY, SEP, 1999</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meeting on Global Change and Protected Areas, LAQUILA, ITALY, SEP, 1999</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf anatomy, inclination, and gas exchange relationships in evergreen sclerophyllous and drought semideciduous shrub species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHOTOSYNTHETICA</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NA KARLOVCE 1A, PRAGUE 6 CS-160 00, CZECH REPUBLIC</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">573-585</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There are significant differences in leaf life-span among evergreen sclerophyllous species and drought semideciduous species growing in the Mediterranean maquis. Cistus incanus, which has a leaf life-span of four-eight months, was characterised by the highest net photosynthetic rates (PN). while Quercus ilex and Phillyrea latifolia, which maintain their leaves two-three and two-four years, respectively, had a lower PN- The longer leaf life-span of the two evergreen sclerophyllous species may be justified to cover the high production costs of leaf protective structures such as cuticle, hairs, and sclereids: cuticle and hairs screen radiation penetrating into the more sensitive tissues, and sclereids have a light-guiding function. Q. ilex and P. latifolia have the highest leaf mass/area ratio (LMA = 209 g m(-2)) and a mesophyll leaf density (2065 cells per mm(2) of leaf cross section area) about two times higher than C. incanus. In the typical evergreen sclerophyllous species the steepest leaf inclination (alpha = 56 degrees) reduces 42% of radiation absorption, resulting in a reduced physiological stress at leaf level, particularly in summer. C. incanus, because of its low leaf life-span, requires a lower leaf investment in leaf protective structures. It exhibits a drastic reduction of winter leaves just before summer drought, replacing them with smaller folded leaves. The lower leaf inclination (alpha = 44 degrees) and the lower LMA (119 g m(-2)) of C. incanus complement photosynthetic performance. Water use efficiency (WUE) showed the same trend in Q. ilex, P. latifolia, and C. incanus, decreasing 60% from spring to summer, due to the combined effects of decreased CO2 uptake and increased transpirational water loss.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>