<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Klap, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Voshaar, J H Oude</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of environmental stress on forest crown condition in Europe. Part IV: statistical analysis of relationships</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water, Air, &amp; Soil …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acid deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">air pollution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">correlative study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">critical load</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagus sylvatica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest vitality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meteorological stress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">picea abies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus sylvestris</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus petraea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus robur</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">387-420</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Site-speciﬁc estimates for various environmental stress factors were related with measured crown condition data at a systematic 16 16 km2 grid over Europe, according to previously stated hypotheses, using a multiple regression approach, including interactions, and lagged effects of stress factors. Methodological differences among countries accounted for &gt;30% of the variation in defoliation. Nevertheless, crown condition was found to vary naturally with tree age, altitude, drought stress and, most likely, also pathogenic fungi and insects. Signiﬁcant impacts of air pollution (speciﬁcally ozone but also NOx , SOx and acid deposition) were found at regional levels in parts of central Europe, particularly for deciduous species. Impacts seemed less signiﬁcant for conifers, especially for spruce, but this might be affected by confounding effects or strong correlations between (a harsh) climate and (low) atmospheric deposition in the area where spruce predominates. National studies indicate that ozone and acid deposition can have a signiﬁcant effect on the defoliation of spruce as well. We conclude that while forest condition varies naturally, continued emissions will contribute further to forest decline in the long term.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>