<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trabaud, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galtié, J F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of fire frequency on plant communities and landscape pattern in the Massif des Aspres (southern France)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">aspres</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Southern France</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">215-224</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire frequency can affect pattern and diversity in plant communities and landscapes. We had the opportunity to study changes due to recurring wildfires on the same sites over a period of 50 years in the &quot;Massif des Aspres&quot; (southern France). The study was carried out in areas occupied by Quercus suber and Q. ilex series. A comparison of historical and cartographical documents (vegetation maps covering a 50 year interval and an accurate map of major wildfires during this period) allowed us to determine the changes occurring over time with or without fire action. Plant communities were grouped into three main vegetation types: forests, treed shrublands and shrublands. The passage of three successive wildfires on the same site led to a decrease in for- est areas and an increase in shrublands; however, shrublands were already present before the first fire of the period under consideration. Less frequent fire occurrence induced more complex heterogeneity and greater landscape diversity. In the study region as a whole, with or without fire action, a significant decrease in forest surfaces was recorded, whereas there was an increase of unforested communities such as treed shrublands and shrublands. In some parts of the Massif fires increased the homogeneity of the landscape, in other parts they created a greater heterogeneity and diversity of plant communities.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trabaud, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Méthy, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effets de températures sub-létales sur l'appareil photosynthétique du chêne vert (Quercus ilex L)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermal stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">637-649</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of sub-lethal temperatures on the photosynthetic apparatus of Quercus ilex L. Resistance to high temperatures by the photosynthetic system of leaves of a sclerophyllous tree growing in the Mediterranean basin (Quercus ilex) has been studied using the fluorescence induction technique. Registration of the kinetics with determination of fluorescence decrease ratio was carried out every month for 1 year. According to the dates of sampling, leaves were sorted into 2 categories: &gt; 3 months and &lt; 3 months. They were heated at temperatures of 50, 55 and 60 °C for periods ranging from 0 to 30 min. After sclerification was established (≈ 1 month old) leaves withstood heat with only limited damage at 50 °C. In contrast, the photosynthetic system was totally destroyed when exposed to 60 °C for 30 min. Leaves collected in July displayed some adaptation to high temperatures. The consequences on the functioning of Q ilex in an environment with high temperatures have been examined.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Méthy, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trabaud, L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caractérisation de la résistance au froid de deux espèces sclérophylles méditerranéennes par la fluorescence de la chlorophylle</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chlorophyll fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freezing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus coccifera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sclerophyll</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">141-148</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frost resistance characterisation of two mediterranean sclerophyllous species by chlorophyll fluorescence. Frost resistance of the photosynthetic system of 2 sclerophyllous species of the mediterranean region, Quercus ilex and Quercus coccifera, has been analysed. Measurements were made on 1 year and 1 month old leaves by the chlorophyll fluorescence induction method. Photosynthetic activity is inhibited very quickly for both the 2 species at the development stages studied. The photosynthetic system of Q ilex seems to be the most resistant but is destroyed after half an hour of exposure to cold at -20 °C, without any recovery after treatment. The effect of winter temperatures on the distribution areas of Q ilex and Q coccifera is discussed.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>