<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramón Vallejo, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smanis, Athanasios</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chirino, Esteban</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramo, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fuentes, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valdecantos, Alejandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vilagrosa, Alberto</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perspectives in dryland restoration: approaches for climate change adaptation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Forests</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nursery cultivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species selection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water harvesting</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11056-012-9325-9</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">561 - 579</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1105601293</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reforestation efforts in dryland ecosystems frequently encounter drought and limited soil productivity, although both factors usually interact synergistically to worsen water stress for outplanted seedlings. Land degradation in drylands (e.g. desertiﬁcation) usually reduces soil productivity and, especially, soil water availability. In dry sub-humid regions, forest ﬁres constitute a major disturbance affecting ecosystem dynamics and reforestation planning. Climate change projections indicate an increase of drought and more severe ﬁre regime in many dryland regions of the world. In this context, the main target of plantation technology development is to overcome transplant shock and likely adverse periods, and in drylands this is mostly related to water limitations. In this paper, we discuss some selected steps that we consider critical for improving success in outplanting woody plants, both under current and projected climate change conditions including: (1) Plant species selection, (2) Improved nursery techniques, and (3) Improved planting techniques. The number of plant species used in reforestation is increasing rapidly, moving from a reduced set of well-known, easy-to-grow, widely used species, to a large variety of promising native species. Available technologies allow for reintroducing native plants and recovering critical ecosystem functions for many degraded drylands. However, climate change projections introduce large uncertainties about the sustainability of current reforestation practices. To cope with these uncertainties, adaptive restoration approaches are suggested, on the basis of improved plant quality, improved techniques for optimizing rain use efﬁciency in plantations, and exploring native plant species, including provenances and genotypes, for their resilience to ﬁre and water use efﬁciency.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Springer Netherlands</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González González, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grau Corbí, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández Cancio, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiménez Ballesta, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González Cascón, M. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil carbon stocks and soil solution chemistry in Quercus ilex stands in Mainland Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Forest Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean ecosystems á soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quercus ilex á</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil carbon stocks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil carbon stocks á</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil solution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">solution á dehesa</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10342-012-0623-8http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10342-012-0623-8</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">131</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1653 - 1667</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The quantiﬁcation of terrestrial carbon pools is important for the modeling of carbon ﬂuxes in forest ecosystems. As a contribution to the understanding of the factors that inﬂuence the carbon sequestration capacity of Mediterranean forest soils, the present study focuses on the quantiﬁcation of the superﬁcial soil carbon stocks in evergreen oak stands (Quercus ilex L.) representative of its distribution area in Mainland Spain and to analyze the inﬂuence of site factors (climate and topography) and the soil chemical properties in the topsoil carbon storage capacity. For that purpose, 103 Quercus ilex stands were studied grouped in four main formations: 40 wooded grassland ecosystems with scattered oak trees (dehesas), 14 open Holm oak stands, 28 mixed Holm oak forests and 21 dense Holm oak forests. The soil organic carbon stocks (SOCS) in the upper organo-mineral soil layer ranged between 1.4–15.6 kg m -2 and total soil carbon stocks (TSCS) between 1.4–17.9 kg m -2 . Tree density was a signiﬁcant factor for SOC storage in the soil. The wooded grassland dehesas presented the minimum superﬁcial SOC stocks (3.6 kg m -2 ), while dense Holm oak forests reached the maximum average values (7.6 kg m -2 ). Maximum SOCS ([10 kg m -2 ) were measured in the mixed and dense Holm oak forests over soils with calcareous substrates. Summer mean temperature (R = -0.46; P\0.001) was the climatic variable that most inﬂuenced the SOCS. Soil properties had stronger positive correlations with SOCS than site factors: nitrogen concentrations (R = 0.70; P\0.001), clay content (R = 0.62; P\0.001), soluble calcium (R = 0.60; P\0.001) and magnesium (R = 0.42; P\0.001). Climatic and topographic variables together explained 30 % of the SOCS variability. An increase up to 63 % was obtained by including soil variables. Under Mediterranean climate conditions, the soil properties that enhance the organic matter protection achieve a notable relevance. The soil carbon storage is favored by large organic matter inputs, high soil clay contents, a calcium-saturated soil matrix and reduced summer aridity.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Otieno, D. O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mirzaei, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hussain, M. Z.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, Y. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmidt, M. W. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wartinger, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jung, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ribeiro, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, J. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tenhunen, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herbaceous layer development during spring does not deplete soil nitrogen in the Portuguese montado</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Arid Environments</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biomass development of the herbaceous vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pasture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant and soil nitrogen pools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portuguese montado</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Root distribution and nutrient uptake</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil moisture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140196310002922</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">231 - 238</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen (N) content in the soil and in the herbaceous biomass were monitored during spring of 2004e2006 to determine how the herbaceous layer development inﬂuences soil N availability in the montado ecosystem of southern Portugal. Highest (246.6 52.7 g m2 ) and lowest (123.2 89.5 g m2 ) peak biomass occurred in 2006 and 2005 respectively. Total soil N within the top 20 cm soil proﬁle ranged between 0.2 0.1% in February and 0.41 0.2% in May, while available soil N was lowest (5 2 mg g 1 soil) in February but increased three-to-ﬁve fold in March and was &gt;17.5 mg g 1 soil at senescence in May. Signiﬁcant (p &lt; 0.001) increase in total N in the aboveground pool occurred between February and May. There was however, no decay in soil N content. Instead, the herbaceous vegetation enhanced soil N input and N retention in the ecosystem. Most of the herbaceous plants were annuals with large reserves of organic N at senescence, which returned to the soil as detritus. The herbaceous vegetation is a critical component of the montado that contributes to N recharge and cycling within the ecosystem</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">a. V. Lavoir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duffet, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouillot, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ratte, J. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnitzler, J. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staudt, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scaling-up leaf monoterpene emissions from a water limited Quercus ilex woodland</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogenic emissions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volatile organic compounds (BVOC)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water limitation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1352231011001294</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2888 - 2897</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems are large emitters of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), and recent studies illustrate how water stress can decrease these emissions even during hot summer. We present here a spatially explicit modelling experiment of BVOC emissions in a water-limited Mediterranean Region in Southern France dominated by Quercus ilex forests. Emission rates were estimated daily using a leaf-level emission model with appropriate up-scaling procedures. The model was based on Guenther’s empirical equations, where we inserted effects for water limitation and seasonality observed from ﬁeld measurements. Up-scaling from leaves to canopy was performed using Sellers’ theory. For each grid cell, climate variables were interpolated daily from meteorological stations. Incoming solar radiation was measured at one site and extrapolated for the all region based on slope and aspect. Soil properties were derived from pedological maps as well as a digital elevation model, while soil water content was evaluated daily using a bucket-type model. We estimated monoterpene emissions from Q. ilex woodlands to be 16 kt yr 1 (on average), with most emissions occurring in the summer. When including the water-limitation module, yearly emissions were 50% of the initial estimates, with a signiﬁcant decrease in the number of days with BVOC high emission peaks. This result highlights the importance of water control on determining air pollution peaks in Mediterranean areas and the need for scaling procedure in this area with its large range of strong emitter species.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azul, Anabela Marisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sousa, João Paulo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agerer, Reinhard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martín, María P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freitas, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use practices and ectomycorrhizal fungal communities from oak woodlands dominated by Quercus suber L. considering drought scenarios.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycorrhiza</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ectomycorrhizal fungal community</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil diversity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19575241</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73 - 88</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oak woodlands in the Mediterranean basin have been traditionally converted into agro-silvo-pastoral systems and exemplified sustainable land use in Europe. In Portugal, in line with the trend of other European countries, profound changes in management options during the twentieth century have led to landscape simplification. Landscapes are dynamic and the knowledge of future management planning combining biological conservation and soil productivity is needed, especially under the actual scenarios of drought and increasing evidence of heavy oak mortality. We examined the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community associated with cork oak in managed oak woodlands (called montado) under different land use practices, during summer. ECM fungal richness and abundance were assessed in 15 stands established in nine montados located in the Alentejo region (southern Portugal), using morphotyping and ITS rDNA analysis. Parameters related to the montados landscape characteristics, land use history over the last 25 years, climatic and edaphic conditions were taken into account. Fifty-five ECM fungal taxa corresponding to the most abundant fungal symbionts were distinguished on cork oak roots. Cenococcum geophilum and the families Russulaceae and Thelephoraceae explained 56% of the whole ECM fungal community; other groups were represented among the community: Cortinariaceae, Boletaceae, Amanita, Genea, Pisolithus, Scleroderma, and Tuber. There were pronounced differences in ECM fungal community structure among the 15 montados stands: C. geophilum was the only species common to all stands, tomentelloid and russuloid species were detected in 87-93% of the stands, Cortinariaceae was detected in 60% of the stands, and the other groups were more unequally distributed. Ordination analysis revealed that ECM fungal richness was positively correlated with the silvo-pastoral exploitation regime and low mortality of cork oak, while ECM fungal abundance was positively correlated with extensive agro-silvo-pastoral exploitation under a traditional 9-year rotation cultivation system and recent soil tillage. The effects of land use on the ECM fungal community and its implications in different scenarios of landscape management options, oak mortality, and global warming are discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 19575241</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catry, F. X.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rego, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandes, P. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pausas, J. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-fire tree mortality in mixed forests of central Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resprouting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree survival</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildﬁres</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112710003816</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">260</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1184 - 1192</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildﬁres are a recurrent disturbance in the Mediterranean Basin. However, managers from this region are confronted with a lack of information on the effects of ﬁre on most woody species, which is required for deﬁning sustainable forest management strategies. Following a large wildﬁre in central Portugal (2003), we surveyed the area during the ﬁrst year and assessed the vegetative condition of 1040 burned trees from 11 different species. Among those trees, 755 individuals were selected and monitored annually for 4 years. At the end of the study, almost all the broadleaved trees survived, while most coniferous died. In spite of the low mortality observed in broadleaves, most were top-killed and regenerated only from basal resprouts, which implies a slow recovering process. Quercus suber, however, showed vigorous post-ﬁre crown resprouting and was the most resilient species. We ﬁtted logistic regression models to predict the probability of individual tree mortality and top-kill from ﬁre injury indicators and tree characteristics. Besides the differences between the two main functional groups (coniferous, broadleaved), bole char height and crown volume scorched or consumed were important predictors of tree responses. Additionally, the main factor determining crown mortality on broadleaved species was bark thickness. The selected models performed well when tested with independent data obtained on four other wild- ﬁres. These models have several potential applications and can be useful to managers making pre-ﬁre or post-ﬁre decisions in mixed forest stands in the western Mediterranean Basin.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez-González, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbosa, a Márcia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carranza, Juan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torres-Porras, Jerónimo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relative Effect of Food Supplementation and Natural Resources on Female Red Deer Distribution in a Mediterranean Ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Wildlife Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cervus elaphus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental resources</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">female aggregation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mating system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial analyses</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2193/2009-130</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1701 - 1708</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Supplementary feeding is a widespread game management practice in several red deer (Cervus elaphus) populations, with important potential consequences on the biology of this species. In Mediterranean ecosystems food supplementation occurs in the rutting period, when it may change mating system characteristics. We studied the role of food supplementation relative to natural resources in the spatial distribution, aggregation, and mean harem size of females in Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) during the rut. We studied 30 red deer populations of southwestern Spain, 63% of which experienced supplementary feeding. Using multivariate spatial analyses we found that food supplementation affected distribution of females in 95% of the populations in which it occurred. Green meadows present during the mating season acted as an important natural resource influencing female distribution. Additionally, the level of female aggregation and mean harem size were significantly higher in those populations in which food supplementation determined female distribution than in populations in which female distribution did not depend on supplementary feeding. Because female aggregation and mean harem size are key elements in sexual selection, supplementary feeding may constitute an important anthropogenic element with potential evolutionary implications for populations of Iberian red deer.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Falcão, André O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borges, Jose G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Designing decision support tools for Mediterranean forest ecosystems management: a case study in Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decision support systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prescription simulation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2005061</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">62</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">751 - 760</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effectiveness of Mediterranean forest ecosystem management calls for the conceptualization and implementation of adequate decision support tools. The proposed decision support system encompasses a management information system, a prescription simulator, a constraint generator and a set of management models designed to solve decision problems. Emphasis is on the architecture of the prescription simulator and its linkage to the three other modules, as well as on methods for reporting and visualizing solutions. Results are discussed for a real world test case – Serra de Grândola, a management area with about 18 600 ha comprising 860 cork oak (Quercus suber L.) land units. Cork oak silviculture adds complexity to the traditional forest management problem. Results show that the devised system is able to address effectively the integration of ecosystem data, silviculture, growth-and-yield and management models. They further suggest that the proposed system architecture may help address the complexity of Mediterranean ecosystem management problems.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hill, Joachim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hostert, Patrick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Röder, Achim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long-Term Observation of Mediterranean Ecosystems with Satellite Remote Sensing</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recent Dynamics of the Mediterranean Vegetation and Landscape</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">earth observation satellites</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landsat data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NOAA-AVHRR1 satellite system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">satellite remote sensing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semi-natural ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPOT-satellite</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation dynamics (citation)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470093714.ch4</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33 - 43</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9780470093719</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This chapter contains sections titled: * Introduction * Remote Sensing Concepts * The Analysis of Environmental Change with Landsat Satellites * Discussion * Acknowledgements</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Recent Dynamics of the Mediterranean Vegetation and Landscape&lt;br/&gt;electronic-resource-num: 10.1002/0470093714.ch4</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Beaulieu, J.-L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miras, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrieu-Ponel, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guiter, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation dynamics in north-western Mediterranean regions: Instability of the Mediterranean bioclimate</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">palaeoclimates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">palynology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">review</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263500500197858</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">139</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">114 - 126</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract Pollen and plant macrofossil records from a selection of sites in Spain, France and Italy are used to explore the origin and the development of the Mediterranean vegetation. The role of evergreen and summergreen taxa is discussed. The expansion of sclerophyllous trees during the Pleistocene interglacials is well correlated with the orbital forcing. During the Holocene, the large number of data illustrates latitudinal and longitudinal differences in vegetation dynamics. Multidisciplinary studies identify short terms climatic fluctuations. The debate is still open between those who attribute an increase of sclerophyllous forests during the late Holocene to a trend toward aridity and those who consider this dynamic as human-induced.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/11263500500197858doi: 10.1080/11263500500197858The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceballos, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martı́nez-Fernández, José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luengo-Ugidos, Miguel Ángel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of rainfall trends and dry periods on a pluviometric gradient representative of Mediterranean climate in the Duero Basin, Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Arid Environments</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dry spells</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">duero basin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall gradient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rainfall variability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140196303001307</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">215 - 233</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present work studies the trends in rainfall and the behaviour of dry spells along a pluviometric gradient representative of the conditions of the Mediterranean region. The region is characterized by a marked water deﬁcit in the summer, a pronounced irregularity in its rainfall regime, and a noteworthy frequency of dry spells or periods without appreciable rainfall. The results obtained conﬁrm the general previsions of the IPCC, with a predominance of dry years over wet ones and a negative rainfall trend in the central sector. An increase in intra-annual variability in rainfall, and a very pronounced occurrence of dry periods independent of the total annual rainfall, are also seen. These circumstances will potentially increase the vulnerability of several Mediterranean ecosystems located along the gradient that are currently subject to considerable pressure from human activities; this will increase the environmental problems of these zones (agro-forestry–grazing productivity, soil degradation, recharge of aquifers, forest ﬁres, runoff models, biological diversity and composition, etc.).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sardans, Jordi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Increasing drought decreases phosphorus availability in an evergreen Mediterranean forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant and Soil</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mineralomasses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrient concentrations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrient cycles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phosphorus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11104-005-0172-8</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">267</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">367 - 377</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems are water-limited and frequently also nutrient-limited. We aimed to investigate the effects of increasing drought, as predicted by GCM and eco-physiological models for the next decades, on the P cycle and P plant availability in a Mediterranean forest. We conducted a ﬁeld experiment in a mature evergreen oak forest, establishing four drought-treatment plots and four control plots (150 m2 each). After three years, the runoff and rainfall exclusion reduced an overall 22% the soil moisture, and the runoff exclusion alone reduced it 10%. The reduction of 22% in soil moisture produced a decrease of 40% of the accumulated aboveground plant P content, above all because there was a smaller increase in aerial biomass. The plant leaf P content increased by 100 ± 40 mg m−2 in the control plots, whereas it decreased by 40 ± 40 mg m−2 in the drought plots. The soil Po-NaHCO3 (organic labile-P fraction) increased by 25% in consonance with the increase in litterfall, while the inorganic labile-P fraction decreased in relation to the organic labile-P fraction up to 48%, indicating a decrease in microbial activity. Thus, after just three years of slight drought, a clear trend towards an accumulation of P in the soil and towards a decrease of P in the stand biomass was observed. The P accumulation in the soil in the drought plots was mainly in forms that were not directly available to plants. These indirect effects of drought including the decrease in plant P availability, may</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez-Vilalta, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piñol, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beven, K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A hydraulic model to predict drought-induced mortality in woody plants: an application to climate change in the Mediterranean</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Modelling</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drought-induced mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phillyrea latifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water transport</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030438000200025X</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">155</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127 - 147</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The potential effects of climate change on vegetation are of increasing concern. In the Mediterranean region, the dominant impact of climate change is expected to be through the modiﬁcation of water balance. In this paper we present a model developed to predict drought-induced mortality of woody plants under different climatic scenarios. The model is physiologically-based and simulates water transport within individual woody plants, which can be isolated or competing for a common water resource. The model assumes that plant mortality is controlled by the carbon balance: when the plant is unable to transport water to the leaves it ceases to acquire carbon and, if this situation lasts long enough, it can no longer survive. In the particular application that we report in this study, two evergreen species are compared, Quercus ilex and Phillyrea latifolia, which were very differently affected by the acute drought that occurred in E Spain in summer 1994. While in some Q. ilex populations the amount of individuals that dried completely was up to 80%, P. latifolia showed almost no damage. During the years 1999 and 2000, canopy transpiration was monitored using sap-ﬂow sensors in individuals of these two species in a Holm-oak forest from NE Spain. A Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) approach was used to calibrate the model against sap-ﬂow measurements. The only difference between species that was introduced ‘a priori’ was that Q. ilex was more vulnerable to xylem embolism than P. latifolia (based on our own measurements in the study area). During the calibration process the information provided by the measured sap ﬂows was used to retain the more likely parameter sets for each species. These parameter sets were used in all the following simulations. The model was able to accurately simulate transpiration dynamics of the two species in the study area. When the meteorological conditions of summer 1994 were introduced, the model outputs also reproduced the differential impact that drought had on the two species studied. In the simulations under climate change two factors were explored: the increase in mean temperature (+1.5, +3 and +4.5 °C) through its effect on ET , and the duration of summer drought. Under any of the scenarios, mortalities were much higher for Q. ilex: while this species was predicted to survive with less than 5% mortality droughts of up to 84–94 days, the mortality of P. latifolia reached 5% between days 133 and 150. For droughts longer than 3 months, which is approximately the current drought duration in the study area for dry years, the mortality of Q. ilex increased sharply. These results are discussed in relation to the possible long-term impacts of climate change on Q. ilex-dominated forests</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simon, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dutaur, L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogenic emissions by oak trees common to Mediterranean ecosystems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring and Assessment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biogenic VOCS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emission inventory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes (citation)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/VW35085L2155216K.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">131 - 139</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An inventory describing the fluxes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), isoprene and monoterpenes, and other VOCs (OVOCs) from the biosphere to the atmosphere, has been constructed within the framework of the ESCOMPTE project (fiEld experimentS to COnstrain Models of atmospheric Pollution and Transport of Emissions). The area concerned, located around Berre-Marseilles, is a Mediterranean region frequently subject to high ozone concentrations. The inventory has been developed using a fine scale land use database for the year 1999, forest composition statistics, emission potentials from individual plant species, biomass distribution, temperature and light intensity. The seasonal variations in emission potentials and biomass were also taken into account. Hourly meteorological data for 1999 were calculated from ALADIN data and these were used to predict the hourly isoprene, monoterpene and OVOC fluxes for the area on a 1 km × 1 km spatial grid. Estimates of annual biogenic isoprene, monoterpene and OVOC fluxes for the reference year 1999 were 20.6, 38.9 and 13.3 kt, respectively, Quercus pubescens, Quercus ilex, Pinus halepensis and garrigue vegetation are the dominant emitting species of the area. VOC emissions from vegetation in this region contribute approximately 94% to the NMVOC (non-methane volatile organic compounds) of natural origin and are of the same order of magnitude as NMVOC emissions from anthropogenic sources. These results complete the global ESCOMPTE database needed to make an efficient strategy for tropospheric ozone reduction policy.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piñol, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alcañiz, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roda, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon dioxide efflux and pCO 2 in soils of threeQuercus ilex montane forests</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogeochemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon cycle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon dioxide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil atmosphere</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil respiration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/P8U8167914T25968.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">191 - 215</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil CO2 efflux and pCO2 in the soil atmosphere were measured during one year at three montane sites of Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests in NE Spain. Two sites were located in the upper and lower slopes of a small catchment in the Prades mountains (mean precipitation 550 mm year-'), and a third site was located on a lower slope in the Montseny mountains (mean precipitation 900 mm year-'). The three sites were similar in bedrock and vegetation, but differed in soil characteristics and water availability. Seasonal variation of CO2 efflux and soil pCO2 were affected by soil temperature and, to a lesser extent, by soil moisture. Annual mean soil CO2 efflux (considered as soil respiration) was similar at Montseny and at the comparably located site at Prades (83 ± 18 S.E. vs. 75 4 9 mg CO2 m - 2 hour- , respectively), and was highest at the Prades upper slope site (122 ± 22 mg CO2 m -2 hour-l). Despite those relatively similar CO 2 effluxes, mean soil pCO2 was much higher at both Prades sites than at Montseny. Soil pCO2 always increased with depth at Prades while maxima pCO2 at Montseny were often at 20-30 cm depth. A model based on gas diffusion theory was able to explain why soil pCO2 was much higher at Prades than at Montseny, and to reproduce the shape of the vertical profile of pCO2 at the Prades soils. Nevertheless, the model failed to simulate the soil pCO2 maximum found at 20-30 cm depth at the Montseny site. Model simulations using a time-variable CO2 production rate suggested that pCO2 maxima at intermediate depth could be the result of a transient situation instead of an equilibrium one.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>