<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colombaroli, Daniele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vannière, Boris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emmanuel, Chapron</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magny, Michel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tinner, Willy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire-vegetation interactions during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition at Lago dell'Accesa, Tuscany, Italy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HOLOCENE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire history</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">macroscopic charcoal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mesolithic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microscopic charcoal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neolithic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tuscany</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">679-692</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new core from the centre of Lago dell'Accesa (Tuscany, Italy) was sampled for pollen and charcoal analyses to provide a high-resolution sequence from 8400 to 7000 cal. yr BP. We combined series of microscopic charcoal, macroscopic charcoal and pollen to address the response of vegetation to fire at different spatial scales. Before 7900 cal. yr BP, broadleaved evergreen forests of Quercus ilex were the most important vegetational type in the area of Lago dell'Accesa. The subsequent decline of Q. ilex occurred when human-induced fires increased at the Mesolithic/Neolithic transition (c. 8000 cal. yr BP). Cross-correlation analyses show that fire was a key factor for vegetational change. Higher fire incidence affected the forest composition, converting evergreen forests to high-diversity open, partly deciduous forests and shrubby communities. The correlation is more pronounced at a local scale (macroscopic charcoal), whereas at a regional scale (microscopic charcoal) the vegetation followed the fire intervals with a more marked time lag (10-100 years). Climatic change, such as wetter periods inferred from lake levels, may have directly influenced the vegetational change, exacerbating the effect of human impact. Our study suggests that the disruption of evergreen broadleaved forests occurred when mean fire interval reached values as high as those of today's highly disturbed Mediterranean ecosystems. Hence broadleaved evergreen forests may not be as fire-resilient as assumed according to modern ecological paradigms. In view of the projected increase in fire frequency as a consequence of global warming, the present relict forests of Quercus ilex will be strongly affected.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colombaroli, Daniele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vannière, Boris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emmanuel, Chapron</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magny, Michel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tinner, Willy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire-vegetation interactions during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition at Lago dell'Accesa, Tuscany, Italy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HOLOCENE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire history</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">macroscopic charcoal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mesolithic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microscopic charcoal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neolithic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tuscany</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">679 - 692</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new core from the centre of Lago dell'Accesa (Tuscany, Italy) was sampled for pollen and charcoal analyses to provide a high-resolution sequence from 8400 to 7000 cal. yr BP. We combined series of microscopic charcoal, macroscopic charcoal and pollen to address the response of vegetation to fire at different spatial scales. Before 7900 cal. yr BP, broadleaved evergreen forests of Quercus ilex were the most important vegetational type in the area of Lago dell'Accesa. The subsequent decline of Q. ilex occurred when human-induced fires increased at the Mesolithic/Neolithic transition (c. 8000 cal. yr BP). Cross-correlation analyses show that fire was a key factor for vegetational change. Higher fire incidence affected the forest composition, converting evergreen forests to high-diversity open, partly deciduous forests and shrubby communities. The correlation is more pronounced at a local scale (macroscopic charcoal), whereas at a regional scale (microscopic charcoal) the vegetation followed the fire intervals with a more marked time lag (10-100 years). Climatic change, such as wetter periods inferred from lake levels, may have directly influenced the vegetational change, exacerbating the effect of human impact. Our study suggests that the disruption of evergreen broadleaved forests occurred when mean fire interval reached values as high as those of today's highly disturbed Mediterranean ecosystems. Hence broadleaved evergreen forests may not be as fire-resilient as assumed according to modern ecological paradigms. In view of the projected increase in fire frequency as a consequence of global warming, the present relict forests of Quercus ilex will be strongly affected.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND&lt;br/&gt;publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farina, Almo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape structure and breeding bird distribution in a sub-Mediterranean agro-ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">aulella watershed</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geographic information systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">global positioning system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sub-mediterranean agro-ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tuscany</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">365-378</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Richness, abundance and distribution of birds were investigated in the Aulella watershed, a mountainous area of 300 km2 , located in the extreme northwestern corner of Tuscany, Italy in spring and summer, 1995. The study area encompasses five vegetation types (from Mediterranean maqui to upland beech forest) and three main land use categories (woodlands, mixed cultivated + urban areas, montane prairies). The recent history of land abandonment in the study area has produced a rapid expansion of shrubland and woodland, reducing cultivated areas to small patches interspersed in a woodland matrix. Richness, abundance and distribution of birds recorded at 414 points, randomly selected along secondary roads, and located using a Global Positioning System (GPS), were compared with topography, vegetation type and land use in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with a grid cell resolution of 200 × 200 m. Bird richness (55 species in all) and abundance are correlated: (a) negatively with the increasing altitude and increasing distance from cultivated areas; (b) positively with the increasing distance from woodlands and mountain prairies. Slope orientation appears to have a negligible effect on bird assemblages. Bird richness and abundance are significantly correlated with vegetation type. Cultivated areas support the highest bird richness and abundance that increase with patch size of the cultivated areas. Local extinction and/or reduction in within-species abundance of birds are expected to continue if the process of land abandonment continues.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farina, Almo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape structure and breeding bird distribution in a sub-Mediterranean agro-ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">aulella watershed</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geographic information systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">global positioning system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sub-mediterranean agro-ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tuscany</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/V1N214U136Q77175.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">365 - 378</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Richness, abundance and distribution of birds were investigated in the Aulella watershed, a mountainous area of 300 km2 , located in the extreme northwestern corner of Tuscany, Italy in spring and summer, 1995. The study area encompasses five vegetation types (from Mediterranean maqui to upland beech forest) and three main land use categories (woodlands, mixed cultivated + urban areas, montane prairies). The recent history of land abandonment in the study area has produced a rapid expansion of shrubland and woodland, reducing cultivated areas to small patches interspersed in a woodland matrix. Richness, abundance and distribution of birds recorded at 414 points, randomly selected along secondary roads, and located using a Global Positioning System (GPS), were compared with topography, vegetation type and land use in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with a grid cell resolution of 200 × 200 m. Bird richness (55 species in all) and abundance are correlated: (a) negatively with the increasing altitude and increasing distance from cultivated areas; (b) positively with the increasing distance from woodlands and mountain prairies. Slope orientation appears to have a negligible effect on bird assemblages. Bird richness and abundance are significantly correlated with vegetation type. Cultivated areas support the highest bird richness and abundance that increase with patch size of the cultivated areas. Local extinction and/or reduction in within-species abundance of birds are expected to continue if the process of land abandonment continues.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arrigoni, Pier Virgilio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sui Limiti Altimetrici Dei Consorzi Rupestri Di Leccio in Garfagnana</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giornale botanico italiano</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plasticity (PG)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercetum mixtum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rocky relicts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tuscany</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1956</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor &amp; Francis</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">531-590</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Summary One of the most characteristic species of the present Mediterranean vegetation, the holm-oak, still presents in the Appennines, after the alternate glacial periods, relict stations, separated and disjointed, strictly bound to the rocky places. The Author takes the examination of the altimetrical limits of the holm-oak in Garfagnana (Tuscany), in the valleys of Turrite Secca and Fegana, as a starting point to take into consideration the value and the floristic-oecological aspects of these rocky relicts. After a climatic and geomorphologic classification of the examined places, the distribution of the holm-oak in the aforesaid valleys is minutely described. The historical examination shows a derivation of the present plant-communities, rocky and relict, from the dispersion of a presumable anathermic mountain forest, referable to the period of the Quercetum mixtum, rather than to the ancient tertiary, thermophilous and orophilous, Mediterranean forest. The permanence of the holm-oak in the submontane and mountain stations is strictly bound to their peculiar oecology and its specific temperament. The rocky stations, at least those examined in Garfagnana, are remarkably arid and thermically continental, especially those exposed to the south and south-west. Their aridity, however, helps to lessen the dangers of the frost. The holm-oak can live there in virtue of its tolerance and biological plasticity. To the south it reaches the most elevated heights owing to the protection from cold winds and owing to its greater thermic availability. A peculiar attention is given to the dynamics, in time and space, of the floral-physiognomical groups: dynamics which has its impulse in the unceasing instability of the rocky micro-places. Some botanic observation, made in different floral districts, in different conditions of positions, altitude and nature of the substratum, aim at representing the floral aspects of the examined Quercus Ilex-stations. The flora is constituted with entities fit (preadapted) for the rocky places and with species supplied with remarkable qualities of adaptation. Through the comparisons of the biological spectra, it appears the great fitness of the Chamephytes to the harsh rocky places. Among the few Mediterranean species able to follow the holm-oak in the rocky localization it is worth mentioning, above all, the Juniperus phoenicea L., species typically of the littoral, never noticed in Tuscany at such elevated heights as those which have been noticed, as it appears in this work, in the Apuane Alps (till 1200 metres).</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/11263505609431629</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/11263505609431629</style></research-notes></record></records></xml>