<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gallego, F J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Algaba, A Perez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez-Escobar, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etiology of oak decline in Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Forest Pathology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oak decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pathogenicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora cinnamomi (PG)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17-27</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In different areas of Extremadura, Western Spain, soil samples were taken at the bottom of holm oak (Quercus ilex) trees that were showing decline symptoms. Half of each sample was sterilized, and acorns were sown in both sterilized and nonsterilized soil samples. The resulting seedlings were used as baits for the isolation of fungi. Seedlings growing on the natural, nonsterilized substrate were characterized by having a lower vegetative growth than the ones growing on the sterilized soil samples, and most of them died. Phytophthora dnnamomi was consistently isolated from their roots. Fusarium oxysporum was also isolated as well as different species of Pythium, although to a lesser extent. Pathogenicity tests were performed on holm oak seedlings with five different isolates of P. chinnamomi, with F. oxysporum, Pythium and with a mixture of the three fungi. All the inoculated seedlings with P. chinnamomi developed root rot and grew slowly, and 35.7% of them died up to the end of the experiments. P. chinnamomi was consistently isolated from their roots, indicating that this fungus is the causal agent of holm oak decline. However, F. oxysporum caused similar symptoms on oak seedlings as P. chinnamomi, and was isolated also from the roots, although its frequency was lower than that of. P. cinnamomi.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gallego, F. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Algaba, A. Perez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez-Escobar, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etiology of oak decline in Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Forest Pathology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oak decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pathogenicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora cinnamomi (PG)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0329.1999.00128.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17 - 27</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In different areas of Extremadura, Western Spain, soil samples were taken at the bottom of holm oak (Quercus ilex) trees that were showing decline symptoms. Half of each sample was sterilized, and acorns were sown in both sterilized and nonsterilized soil samples. The resulting seedlings were used as baits for the isolation of fungi. Seedlings growing on the natural, nonsterilized substrate were characterized by having a lower vegetative growth than the ones growing on the sterilized soil samples, and most of them died. Phytophthora dnnamomi was consistently isolated from their roots. Fusarium oxysporum was also isolated as well as different species of Pythium, although to a lesser extent. Pathogenicity tests were performed on holm oak seedlings with five different isolates of P. chinnamomi, with F. oxysporum, Pythium and with a mixture of the three fungi. All the inoculated seedlings with P. chinnamomi developed root rot and grew slowly, and 35.7% of them died up to the end of the experiments. P. chinnamomi was consistently isolated from their roots, indicating that this fungus is the causal agent of holm oak decline. However, F. oxysporum caused similar symptoms on oak seedlings as P. chinnamomi, and was isolated also from the roots, although its frequency was lower than that of. P. cinnamomi.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUSET, JUAN J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HINAREJOS, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MIRA, J L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COBOS, J M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sintomas de estres hidrico y DE &quot;SECA&quot; EN ENCINAS (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) INOCULADAS CON Phytophthora cinnamomi EN UNA DEHESA DEL CENTRO DE ESPAÑA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">II Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">canker</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak: decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pathogenicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phytophthora cinnamomi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ¡lex subsp. ballota</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pamplona</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">473-478</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora cinnamomi is a causal agent for the &quot;seca&quot; (oak decline) of the Mediterranean Quercus. The disease symptoms consist basically of a decay of the trees canopy that may occur as a slow decline: gradualleaves fall and presence of partially or totally defoliated branches, or as a quick decline: rapid decline of branches, leaves remaining attached sorne time, and dead trees. There may also be blackish gummose exudates on trunk and main branches. The &quot;seca&quot; reached epidemic rates in the various evergreen oaks or cork oaks distributed on Andalusia, Castilla-La Mancha and Extremadura since 1990-91. From then in the soils of these forestry areas and on feeder roots of cork oaks and evergreen oaks, P. cinnamomi were isolated along the climatological seasons until now. The continued presence of the fungi has lead to determine the susceptibility of Q. ilex subsp. hallota on adult trees in the field. Adult evergreen oak plants were inoculated with young mycelium of P. cinnamomi at La Iglesuela (Toledo) in spring, 1994. At two years, the development of this fungus on roots, trunks and branches of evergreen oak:, shows a great pathogenic capacity and it has achieved the reproduction of clear symptoms of &quot;seca&quot;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ragazzi, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetative compatibility and pathogenicity of Diplodia mutila isolates on oak</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European journal of forest pathology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diplodia mutila</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disease (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nit mutants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pathogenicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetative compatibility</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0329.1997.tb01454.x/abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">391 - 396</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forty isolates of Diplodia mutila, a dieback agent on oaks were characterized by their capacity to produce heterokaryons, by their vegetative compatibility, and by their pathogenicity tests on Quercus cerris. The forty isolates were collected from Quercus cerris, Quercus frainetto, Quercus ilex, Quercus pubescens, Quercus robur and Quercus suber in different regions in Italy. Three nit mutants (nit,, nit, and nit,) were identified with different nitrogen sources: sodium nitrite, sodium nitrate, uric acid, ammonium tartrate and hypoxanthine. O n the two nutrient media employed, a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium with chlorate (PDC), and a minimal agar medium with chlorate (MMC), isolates obtained from Q. cerris Felded the greatest number of mutants: 254 on PDC (out of a total of 583) and 190 on MMC (out o a total of 440). Nine vegetative compatibility grou s (VCGs) were identified. There was a strong association between these VCGs and host species. Alfisolates tested except one from Q. cerris were pathogenic.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>