<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lozano-Parra, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maneta, M P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate and topographic controls on simulated pasture production in a semiarid Mediterranean watershed with scattered tree cover</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">degradation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecohydrology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasslands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pasture production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semiarid rangelands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1439-1456</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural grasses in semiarid rangelands constitute an effective protection against soil erosion and degradation, are a source of natural food for livestock and play a critical role in the hydrologic cycle by contributing to the uptake and transpiration of water. However, natural pastures are threatened by land abandonment and the consequent encroachment of shrubs and trees as well as by changing climatic conditions. In spite of their ecological and economic importance, the spatiotemporal variations of pasture production at the decadal-century scales over whole watersheds are poorly known. We used a physically based, spatially distributed ecohydrologic model applied to a 99.5 ha semiarid watershed in western Spain to investigate the sensitivity of pasture production to climate variability. The ecohydrologic model was run using a 300-year-long synthetic daily climate data set generated using a stochastic weather generator. The data set reproduced the range of climatic variations observed under the current climate. Results indicated that variation of pasture production largely depended on factors that also determined the availability of soil moisture such as the temporal distribution of precipitation, topography, and tree canopy cover. The latter is negatively related with production, reflecting the importance of rainfall and light interception, as well as water consumption by trees. Valley bottoms and flat areas in the lower parts of the catchment are characterized by higher pasture production but more interannual variability. A quantitative assessment of the quality of the simulations showed that ecohydrologic models are a valuable tool to investigate long-term (century scale) water and energy fluxes, as well as vegetation dynamics, in semiarid rangelands.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sala, Osvaldo E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maestre, Fernando T</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grass – woodland transitions : determinants and consequences for ecosystem functioning and provisioning of services</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem services</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem–water dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasslands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inva- sion ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primary production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shrublands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation shifts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">woody-plant encroachment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">102</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1357-1362</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1. A large fraction of grasslands world-wide is undergoing a rapid shift from herbaceous to woody- plant dominance, while in other parts of the world, the opposite transition from woodland to grassland is the dominant phenomenon. These shifts have received increasing attention in the ecological litera- ture during the last two decades due to their global extent and their impacts on ecosystem functioning. 2. This Special Feature includes a series of contributions on key topics within the study of grass– woodland transitions, including three articles addressing the drivers of these vegetation shifts and another three evaluating their ecological consequences. These articles, which include reviews, mod- elling and empirical studies, highlight the multiplicity of approaches and spatial scales being cur- rently used when studying grass–woodland transitions. 3. The first articles focus on the role of fire in driving the dynamics of mesic grasslands in the USA, on the effects of climate change on the transition zones between treeless vegetation, savanna and forest in tropical and subtropical Americas and on the role of the internal structure of vegetation as a determinant of grassland–woodland transitions. The articles devoted to exploring the conse- quences include a modelling study on the ecohydrological consequences of shrub removal in wes- tern North America and an empirical study aiming at understanding how abiotic and biotic attributes influence above-ground net productivity across Patagonian grasslands and shrublands, as well as a review of the consequences of brush management on the provision of ecosystem services. 4. Synthesis. Identifying the best actions to avoid or take advantage of grass–woodland transitions requires a mechanistic understanding of both the drivers of these shifts and their ecological conse- quences. The collection of reviews, empirical and modelling studies included in this Special Feature contributes to forecasting how ongoing global change will affect grass–woodland transitions and their consequences for the provisioning of ecosystem services from drylands, which account for a large fraction of Earth’s surface.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azcárate, Francisco M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seoane, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peco, Begoña</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drove roads: Keystone structures that promote ant diversity in Mediterranean forest landscapes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ant assemblages</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">functional diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasslands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial heterogeneity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transhumance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1146609X13000611</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">107 - 115</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract Drove roads are the traditional corridors used by pastoralists for seasonal movements of livestock (transhumance). They cover a considerable land area in Mediterranean countries and, although they are an obvious source of landscape diversity, their influence on the diversity and composition of animal assemblages has not been documented. Ant communities were studied on four active drove roads, two in forests (submediterranean and conifer) and two in open environments (croplands and rangelands). They were compared with the respective matrix communities and their contribution to local species richness was evaluated. The effects were heavily dependent on the open or closed nature of the matrix. In forest environments, drove roads increased ant species richness at the local scale, acting as clear keystone structures. Their species richness and functional diversity were highest on the fine scale, species composition was different, and a slight edge effect in the matrix was detected. In contrast, drove roads had little or even a negative effect in open environment locations. We conclude that drove roads have a high conservation value for ants in Mediterranean forest environments, in addition to their importance as reservoirs of plant biodiversity and generators of ecological goods and services.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alonso, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bermejo, V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanz, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valls, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elvira, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gimeno, B S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance of semi-natural Mediterranean grasslands: implications for the development of ozone critical levels.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasslands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semi-natural vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">692-698</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intra-genus and intra-specific variation and the influence of nitrogen enrichment on net assimilation and stomatal conductance of some annual Trifolium species of Mediterranean dehesa grasslands were assessed under experimental conditions. Also gas exchange rates were compared between some Leguminosae and Poaceae species growing in the field in a dehesa ecosystem in central Spain. The results showed that the previously reported different O3 sensitivity of some Trifolium species growing in pots does not seem to be related to different maximum g(s) values. In addition, no clear differences on gas exchange rates could be attributed to Leguminosae and Poaceae families growing in the field, with intra-genus variation being more important than differences found between families. Further studies are needed to increase the database for developing a flux-based approach for setting O3 critical levels for semi-natural Mediterranean species.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16895740</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alonso, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bermejo, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanz, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valls, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elvira, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gimeno, B. S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance of semi-natural Mediterranean grasslands: implications for the development of ozone critical levels.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasslands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semi-natural vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16895740</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">692 - 698</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intra-genus and intra-specific variation and the influence of nitrogen enrichment on net assimilation and stomatal conductance of some annual Trifolium species of Mediterranean dehesa grasslands were assessed under experimental conditions. Also gas exchange rates were compared between some Leguminosae and Poaceae species growing in the field in a dehesa ecosystem in central Spain. The results showed that the previously reported different O3 sensitivity of some Trifolium species growing in pots does not seem to be related to different maximum g(s) values. In addition, no clear differences on gas exchange rates could be attributed to Leguminosae and Poaceae families growing in the field, with intra-genus variation being more important than differences found between families. Further studies are needed to increase the database for developing a flux-based approach for setting O3 critical levels for semi-natural Mediterranean species.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 16895740</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Puerto Martín, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Puerto, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FITOMASA SUBTERRÁNEA Y AÉREA EN PASTOS DE DEHESA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pastos</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">España</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fitomasa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasslands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">influencia del arbolado</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ladera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pastos</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phytomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salamanca</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salamanca (Spain)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">slope</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree canopy ¡nfluence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-19</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A study has been conducted on the spatial variations undergone by root biomass, aerial phytomass and the root/shoot ratio in grassland communities (dehesa systems). These variations are governed by the prevailing gradients: topographic and the effect of the tree canopy. The greatest biomass, both underground and aerial, and the lowest root/shoot ratio are usually found in the more fertile sites (deposition sector of slope) and shaded áreas (under the crowns of the trees), in contrast to the results of some researchs performed in cultures or at the laboratory. In the case of natural or semi-natural groupings of herba- ceous species in severe environments, the adaptive responses of each species appear to predomínate over any generalized type of response. Key</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Figueroa, M E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davy, A J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESPONSE OF MEDITERRANEAN GRASSLAND SPECIES TO CHANGING RAINFALL.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BOTANY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasslands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEDITERRANEAN Coast (Spain)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RAINFALL frequencies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPAIN (citation)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wiley-Blackwell</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">925</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Investigates the long-term changes in the composition of a species-rich Mediterranean grassland in south-western Spain. Determination of the frequency of every species of herbaceous vascular plants annually; Domination of winter annual vegetation; Correlations between the logit of the total annual frequency of each species and rainfall totals; Link between species abundance and rainfall.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accession Number: 8985481; Figueroa, M.E. Davy, A.J.; Source Info: Dec91, Vol. 79 Issue 4, p925; Subject Term: GRASSLANDS; Subject Term: BOTANY; Subject Term: RAINFALL frequencies; Subject Term: MEDITERRANEAN Coast (Spain); Subject Term: SPAIN; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accession Number: 8985481; Figueroa, M.E. Davy, A.J.; Source Info: Dec91, Vol. 79 Issue 4, p925; Subject Term: GRASSLANDS; Subject Term: BOTANY; Subject Term: RAINFALL frequencies; Subject Term: MEDITERRANEAN Coast (Spain); Subject Term: SPAIN; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Figueroa, M. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davy, A. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESPONSE OF MEDITERRANEAN GRASSLAND SPECIES TO CHANGING RAINFALL.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BOTANY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasslands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEDITERRANEAN Coast (Spain)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RAINFALL frequencies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPAIN (citation)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&amp;db=a9h&amp;AN=8985481&amp;lang=pt-br&amp;site=ehost-live&amp;scope=site</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Investigates the long-term changes in the composition of a species-rich Mediterranean grassland in south-western Spain. Determination of the frequency of every species of herbaceous vascular plants annually; Domination of winter annual vegetation; Correlations between the logit of the total annual frequency of each species and rainfall totals; Link between species abundance and rainfall.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accession Number: 8985481; Figueroa, M.E. Davy, A.J.; Source Info: Dec91, Vol. 79 Issue 4, p925; Subject Term: GRASSLANDS; Subject Term: BOTANY; Subject Term: RAINFALL frequencies; Subject Term: MEDITERRANEAN Coast (Spain); Subject Term: SPAIN; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: ArticleAccession Number: 8985481; Figueroa, M.E. Davy, A.J.; Source Info: Dec91, Vol. 79 Issue 4, p925; Subject Term: GRASSLANDS; Subject Term: BOTANY; Subject Term: RAINFALL frequencies; Subject Term: MEDITERRANEAN Coast (Spain); Subject Term: SPAIN; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: ArticleThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Wiley-Blackwell</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gomez Gutiérrez, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BARRERA MELLADO, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FERNÁNDEZ SANTOS, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guti, M E Z</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mellado, Barrera</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, Ndez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fitomasa subterránea en pastizales semiáridos de dehesa. Estudio comparativo de cuatro transecciones</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pastos</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fitomasa subterránea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasslands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pastizales</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">raíces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">roots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vaguada</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water course</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1988</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">95-107</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A comparative study of the underground phytomass (roots) valúes obtained along four transverse sections of four water courses was made in some semiarid grasslands, that are representative of the Central- Western área of Spain (Provinces of Avila and Salamanca). In order to perform this study, the following item's were studied: a) the total phyto- mass valúes for each profile (30 cm depth, 9 cm diameter), b) the hori- zons or 5 cm horizontal transect, in each section, c) the samples in each profile. Very similar sequences were observed in all the transects, high- lighting the effect of relief on underground phytomass, wich is considered a synthesis and an expression of the edaphicclimatic and anthropozoogenic action that governs its development. Key</style></abstract></record></records></xml>