<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GARCÍA MORENO, A. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEAL MURILLO, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CARBONERO MUÑOZM. D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández Rebollo, P.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calleja Suárez, Alfredo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García Navarro, Ricardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruiz Mantecón, Ángel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peláez Suárez, Rodrigo</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ESTADO NUTRITIVO DE LA ENCINA EN LAS DEHESAS Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA PRODUCCIÓN DE BELLOTA Y CON EL ESTADO DE VIGOR DEL ÁRBOL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PASTOS: FUENTE NATURAL DE ENERGÍA 4ª Reunión Ibérica de Pastos y Forrajes</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrient content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNIVERSIDAD DE LEÓN</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">481 - 486</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present work tries to characterize the nutritional status of the holm oak, and analyzes the relations between nutrient content of the leaf with acorn production and tree health in dehesa farms from Los Pedroches. In October 2007, 126 leaf samples were collected from trees in nine different dehesa farms. These leaf samples were analyzed by means of conventional chemical methods to get macronutrients contents (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrients contents (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn). In addi- tion, acorn production and tree health (measured by defoliation rate) were estimated in each tree. The results show that the nutritional state of holm oak in dehesas gets acceptable levels. There are correla- tions between health tree and some nutrients (P, Mg and Mn), moreover, there are correlations be- tween K content and acorn production, and K content and relative water content of the leaf.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: PASTOS: FUENTE NATURAL DE ENERGÍA 4ª Reunión Ibérica de Pastos y Forrajes&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: Zamora</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cano, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Navarro Cerrillo, R. Mª</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanchez de la Orden, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia Ferrer, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest defoliation using IKONOS sensor for cork oak (Quercus suber L.) woods in Southern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Systems; Vol 14, No 2 (2005)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remote sensing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation index</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://revistas.inia.es/index.php/fs/article/view/887</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessment of forest defoliation is severely hampered by the limited information on tree death on short temporal and broad spatial scales. In order to evaluate forest decline rates in cork oak of Southern Spain, an analysis was made of statistical correlation between the 4 IKONOS sensor original bands acquired in 2000, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (ndvi) and Infrared/Red Index (ir/r) and defoliation information obtained from the ground study. IKONOS near infrared band was negative correlated with defoliation (Pearson Correlation &amp;ndash;0.762). The correlation between defoliation and ir/r ratio (Pearson Correlation &amp;ndash;0.506) and ndvi (Pearson Correlation &amp;ndash;0.449) was also significantly correlated. The dispersion of data presents in each category of defoliation justifies the use of the median value as the representative variable value for each intervals of defoliation. The Statistical Index of Defoliation (SID), generated from a lineal combination of IKONOS sensor bands, shows a correlation rate of 0.85 with the deforestation ground estimate which allows to estimate defoliation by using the equation: Y% defo calcu = &amp;ndash;0.0016 * SID + 1.2162. This study shows that high-spatial-resolution satellite data can now be used to measure forest decline processes, suggesting many new alternatives to evaluate the impact of forest decline in Mediterranean forests.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cano, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Navarro Cerrillo, R Mª.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanchez de la Orden, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia Ferrer, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest defoliation using IKONOS sensor for cork oak (Quercus suber L.) woods in Southern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Systems; Vol 14, No 2 (2005)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remote sensing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation index</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessment of forest defoliation is severely hampered by the limited information on tree death on short temporal and broad spatial scales. In order to evaluate forest decline rates in cork oak of Southern Spain, an analysis was made of statistical correlation between the 4 IKONOS sensor original bands acquired in 2000, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (ndvi) and Infrared/Red Index (ir/r) and defoliation information obtained from the ground study. IKONOS near infrared band was negative correlated with defoliation (Pearson Correlation &amp;ndash;0.762). The correlation between defoliation and ir/r ratio (Pearson Correlation &amp;ndash;0.506) and ndvi (Pearson Correlation &amp;ndash;0.449) was also significantly correlated. The dispersion of data presents in each category of defoliation justifies the use of the median value as the representative variable value for each intervals of defoliation. The Statistical Index of Defoliation (SID), generated from a lineal combination of IKONOS sensor bands, shows a correlation rate of 0.85 with the deforestation ground estimate which allows to estimate defoliation by using the equation: Y% defo calcu = &amp;ndash;0.0016 * SID + 1.2162. This study shows that high-spatial-resolution satellite data can now be used to measure forest decline processes, suggesting many new alternatives to evaluate the impact of forest decline in Mediterranean forests.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cano, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerrillo, Rafael Ma Navarro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferrer, Alfonso Garcia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de la Orden, Manuel Sanchéz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Detection of Forest Decline Using IKONOS Sensor for Cork Oak (Quercus suber L.) Woods in South Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geocarto International</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IKONOS (PG)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infrared/RedIndex (IR/R)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NDVI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistical Index of Defoliation (SID)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor &amp; Francis</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13-18</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract Assessment of forest decline is severely hampered by the limited information on tree death on short temporal and broad spatial scales. In order to evaluate forest decline rates in cork oak of Southern Spain, an analysis was made of statistical correlation between the 4 IKONOS sensor original bands acquired in 2000, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Infrared/Red Index (IR/R) and defoliation information obtained from the ground study. IKONOS near infrared band was negative correlated with defoliation (Pearson Correlation ? 0.762). The correlation between defoliation and IR/R ratio (Pearson Correlation ?0.506) and NDVI (Pearson Correlation ?0.449) was also significantly correlated. The dispersion of data presents in each category of defoliation justifies the use of the median value as the representative variable value for each intervals of defoliation. The Statistical Index of Defoliation (SID), generated from a lineal combination of IKONOS sensor bands, shows a correlation rate of 0.85 with the deforestation ground estimate. This study shows that high?spatial?resolution satellite data can now be used to measure forest decline processes, suggesting many new alternatives to evaluate the impact of forest decline in Mediterranean forests.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/10106040608542388</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/10106040608542388</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cano, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerrillo, Rafael Ma Navarro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferrer, Alfonso Garcia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de la Orden, Manuel Sanchéz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Detection of Forest Decline Using IKONOS Sensor for Cork Oak (Quercus suber L.) Woods in South Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geocarto International</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IKONOS (PG)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infrared/RedIndex (IR/R)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NDVI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistical Index of Defoliation (SID)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106040608542388</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13 - 18</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract Assessment of forest decline is severely hampered by the limited information on tree death on short temporal and broad spatial scales. In order to evaluate forest decline rates in cork oak of Southern Spain, an analysis was made of statistical correlation between the 4 IKONOS sensor original bands acquired in 2000, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Infrared/Red Index (IR/R) and defoliation information obtained from the ground study. IKONOS near infrared band was negative correlated with defoliation (Pearson Correlation ? 0.762). The correlation between defoliation and IR/R ratio (Pearson Correlation ?0.506) and NDVI (Pearson Correlation ?0.449) was also significantly correlated. The dispersion of data presents in each category of defoliation justifies the use of the median value as the representative variable value for each intervals of defoliation. The Statistical Index of Defoliation (SID), generated from a lineal combination of IKONOS sensor bands, shows a correlation rate of 0.85 with the deforestation ground estimate. This study shows that high?spatial?resolution satellite data can now be used to measure forest decline processes, suggesting many new alternatives to evaluate the impact of forest decline in Mediterranean forests.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/10106040608542388doi: 10.1080/10106040608542388The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerasoli, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scartazza, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brugnoli, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chaves, M. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, J. S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of partial defoliation on carbon and nitrogen partitioning and photosynthetic carbon uptake by two-year-old cork oak (Quercus suber) saplings</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15N labeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen remobilization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">starch</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/24/1/83.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83 - 90</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">At the end of the growing season in late July, 20-month-old cork oak (Quercus suber L.) saplings were partially defoliated (63% of leaf area) to evaluate their ability to recover leaf area after defoliation. At 18 and 127 days after defoliation, changes in starch and nitrogen pools were determined in leaves and perennial organs, and variations in photosynthetic carbon uptake were investigated. To determine the role of stored nitrogen in regrowth after defoliation, plant nitrogen was labeled in the previous winter by enriching the nutrient solution with 15N. Plants recovered the lost leaf area in 127 days. Although there was remobilization of starch and nitrogen from leaves and perennial organs, the availability of resources for growth in the following spring was not decreased by defoliation. On the contrary, starch concentration in coarse roots was higher in defoliated saplings than in control saplings, presumably as a result of the higher net CO2 exchange rate in newly developed leaves compared with pre-existing leaves.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/24.1.8310.1093/treephys/24.1.83</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerasoli, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scartazza, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brugnoli, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chaves, M M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, J S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of partial defoliation on carbon and nitrogen partitioning and photosynthetic carbon uptake by two-year-old cork oak (Quercus suber) saplings</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15N labeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrogen remobilization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">starch</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83-90</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">At the end of the growing season in late July, 20-month-old cork oak (Quercus suber L.) saplings were partially defoliated (63% of leaf area) to evaluate their ability to recover leaf area after defoliation. At 18 and 127 days after defoliation, changes in starch and nitrogen pools were determined in leaves and perennial organs, and variations in photosynthetic carbon uptake were investigated. To determine the role of stored nitrogen in regrowth after defoliation, plant nitrogen was labeled in the previous winter by enriching the nutrient solution with 15N. Plants recovered the lost leaf area in 127 days. Although there was remobilization of starch and nitrogen from leaves and perennial organs, the availability of resources for growth in the following spring was not decreased by defoliation. On the contrary, starch concentration in coarse roots was higher in defoliated saplings than in control saplings, presumably as a result of the higher net CO2 exchange rate in newly developed leaves compared with pre-existing leaves.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/24.1.83</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/24.1.83</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cherbuy, Bénédicte</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joffre, Richard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gillon, Dominique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, Serge</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Internal remobilization of carbohydrates, lipids, nitrogen and phosphorus in the Mediterranean evergreen oak Quercus ilex</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrient storage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resource remobilization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/1/9.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9 - 17</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remobilization of internal resources is an important mechanism enabling plants to be partly independent of external nutrient availability. We assessed resource remobilization during the growing period in woody and foliar tissues of leafy branches of mature evergreen Mediterranean oak (Quercus ilex L.) at three field sites. We compared nonstructural carbohydrates, lipids, nitrogen and phosphorus pools in leaves and stems before bud burst (March) and at the end of the growing period (July). We also experimentally defoliated leafy branches to determine the storage function of old leaves. Changes in pools of carbon compounds in leaves and stems during spring and in response to defoliation indicated that foliar and woody tissues could provide carbon to support shoot growth. Independently of stem age, soluble sugar and lipid pools decreased significantly during spring. Changes in leaf pools between March and July involved all compounds measured except starch and were accompanied by a 5%; decrease in mean leaf biomass. During the same period, 15%; of the nitrogen and 25%; of the phosphorus were removed from leaves. In contrast, woody tissues did not remobilize nitrogen or phosphorus. Our results support earlier hypotheses that leaves of evergreen species have a primary role in resource remobilization.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/21.1.910.1093/treephys/21.1.9</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cherbuy, Bénédicte</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joffre, Richard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gillon, Dominique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, Serge</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Internal remobilization of carbohydrates, lipids, nitrogen and phosphorus in the Mediterranean evergreen oak Quercus ilex</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrient storage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resource remobilization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9-17</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remobilization of internal resources is an important mechanism enabling plants to be partly independent of external nutrient availability. We assessed resource remobilization during the growing period in woody and foliar tissues of leafy branches of mature evergreen Mediterranean oak (Quercus ilex L.) at three field sites. We compared nonstructural carbohydrates, lipids, nitrogen and phosphorus pools in leaves and stems before bud burst (March) and at the end of the growing period (July). We also experimentally defoliated leafy branches to determine the storage function of old leaves. Changes in pools of carbon compounds in leaves and stems during spring and in response to defoliation indicated that foliar and woody tissues could provide carbon to support shoot growth. Independently of stem age, soluble sugar and lipid pools decreased significantly during spring. Changes in leaf pools between March and July involved all compounds measured except starch and were accompanied by a 5%; decrease in mean leaf biomass. During the same period, 15%; of the nitrogen and 25%; of the phosphorus were removed from leaves. In contrast, woody tissues did not remobilize nitrogen or phosphorus. Our results support earlier hypotheses that leaves of evergreen species have a primary role in resource remobilization.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/21.1.9</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/21.1.9</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Klap, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Voshaar, J H Oude</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of environmental stress on forest crown condition in Europe. Part IV: statistical analysis of relationships</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water, Air, &amp; Soil …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acid deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">air pollution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">correlative study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">critical load</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagus sylvatica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest vitality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meteorological stress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">picea abies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus sylvestris</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus petraea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus robur</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">387-420</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Site-speciﬁc estimates for various environmental stress factors were related with measured crown condition data at a systematic 16 16 km2 grid over Europe, according to previously stated hypotheses, using a multiple regression approach, including interactions, and lagged effects of stress factors. Methodological differences among countries accounted for &gt;30% of the variation in defoliation. Nevertheless, crown condition was found to vary naturally with tree age, altitude, drought stress and, most likely, also pathogenic fungi and insects. Signiﬁcant impacts of air pollution (speciﬁcally ozone but also NOx , SOx and acid deposition) were found at regional levels in parts of central Europe, particularly for deciduous species. Impacts seemed less signiﬁcant for conifers, especially for spruce, but this might be affected by confounding effects or strong correlations between (a harsh) climate and (low) atmospheric deposition in the area where spruce predominates. National studies indicate that ozone and acid deposition can have a signiﬁcant effect on the defoliation of spruce as well. We conclude that while forest condition varies naturally, continued emissions will contribute further to forest decline in the long term.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROTA, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DELRIO, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FLORIS, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LENTINI, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LUCIANO, P</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teller, A and Mathy, P and Jeffers, J N R</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENTOMOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE PROTECTION OF QUERCUS-SUBER L FORESTS IN SARDINIA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESPONSES OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lepidoptera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sardinia</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELSEVIER APPL SCI PUBL LTD</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BARKING ESSEX</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">972-973</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-85166-878-0</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the Sardinian cork oak forests, more than 300 species of Lepidoptera have been found, 10% of which develop on Quercus suber L. trees. The population density of these insects varies greatly, and, in some cases, is so high that causes total defoliation on large scale. Three species in particular cause serious damage: Lymantria dispar L., and Malacosoma neustria L. with periodic infestations and Tortrix viridana L. with temporary ones. There are also other, less harmful species, such as Dryobota labecula Esp., Dryobotodes monochroma Esp., Dryobotodes eremita Fabr., Orthosia cruda Den. &amp; Schiff., Spudaea ruticilla Esp. and Phalera bucephala (L.) that have different fluctuations which can be described as latent or periodic (3).</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PICOLO, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terradas, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASPECTS OF CROWN RECONSTRUCTION AND LEAF MORPHOLOGY IN QUERCUS-ILEX L AND QUERCUS-SUBER L AFTER DEFOLIATION BY LYMANTRIA-DISPAR L</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACTA OECOLOGICA-OECOLOGIA PLANTARUM</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">herbivory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf damage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GAUTHIER-VILLARS</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S P E S-JOURNAL DEPT, 120 BD ST GERMAIN, F-75006 PARIS, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">69-78</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effect of a complete defoliation of the evergreen Quercus ilex L. ssp ilex and Quercus suber L. by Lymantria dispar on some variables of sprout development and leaf morphology was studied. Samples were collected at different locations within the crown and along the branches. The effects of species defoliation and location factors on the variables have been tested using multivariate and univariate analysis of variance have been applied. All factors show significant effects on the variables considered jointly, and the responses to defoliation differ between species and between lower and upper crown parts. Differences are discussed and this gives useful information to the understanding of crown reconstruction patterns in both species.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record></records></xml>