<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gea-Izquierdo, Guillermo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-de-Uña, Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, Isabel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth projections reveal local vulnerability of Mediterranean oaks with rising temperatures</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendroecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nonlinear response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus pyrenaica</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112713003678http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112713003678</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">305</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">282 - 293</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth projections using ecological models fitted to data collected along climatic gradients can help to understand how forests will respond to climate change. Stem growth of two Mediterranean oaks was predicted using nonlinear multiplicative models as a function of precipitation and minimum temperature of the hydrological year fitted to dendrochronological data. The growth of both species increased nonlinearly with accumulated precipitation before reaching an asymptote, but the species with a warmer niche (Q. ilex, an evergreen species) required lower levels of precipitation to achieve high relative growth. The species-specific relationship between growth and minimum temperature exhibited an optimum for the two species. Trees were negatively affected by high minimum temperatures whereas they responded negatively (Q. ilex) or neutrally (Q. pyrenaica, a deciduous species) to low temperatures along the climatic gradient analyzed. Growth would decrease rapidly when minimum temperatures rose above approximately 7 °C for Q. pyrenaica and 9 °C for Q. ilex. Most growth projections suggest a likely future decrease in productivity along the species range for Q. pyrenaica and particularly at species-specific warm, dry locations pointed to a future drastic reduction in productivity as a result of the increase in temperatures without a paired increase in precipitation forecasted by the different climate scenarios considered. In agreement with results from studies modeling future distribution of species this suggests that Q. pyrenaica could be threatened by climate change at the species local dry edge where, in addition, stands often present a lack of seed regeneration. More drought tolerant Q. ilex might profit from warming temperatures at cold northern locations but would also reduce productivity at warm, dry locations. Stem growth was successfully modeled using biologically meaningful species-specific responses to climate which provided key ecological information to understand the functional response of the two species. The models used have much potential to be applied with dendroecological data to study the response of forests to climate change.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gea-Izquierdo, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cherubini, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, I.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree-rings reflect the impact of climate change on Quercus ilex L. along a temperature gradient in Spain over the last 100years</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendroecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Non-linear response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112711004646</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">262</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1807 - 1816</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We analyzed tree rings over the past 100 years to understand the response of Quercus ilex L. to climate change at four different sites along a temperature gradient in a highly anthropogenically transformed ecosystem. To test the hypothesis of a climate change related decrease in productivity at warmer sites, we discuss the effect of historical management on the growth of forest stands and the spatio-temporal variability of growth in response to climate, analyzing departures from linearity in that relationship. We reconstructed stand history and investigated past growth trends using tree-rings. Then we used a dendroecological approach to study the regional, local and age-dependent response to climate, analyzing the relationship between precipitation and tree growth using non-linear mixed models. Tree rings reﬂected the origin of the studied landscape, mainly a simpliﬁcation of an original closed forest and progressive canopy opening for agrosilvopastoral purposes after the mid 1800s. As expected, trees were principally responding to water availability, and regional growth (as expressed by the ﬁrst principal component from the matrix of chronologies) was highly responsive to hydrological year precipitation (r = 0.7). In this water limited ecosystem, the response of growth to precipitation was asymptotic and independent of age, but variable in time. Maximum growth was variable at the different sites and the non-linear function of growth saturated (i.e. reached an asymptote) at temperature dependent site speciﬁc precipitation levels within the range considered in the region to lead a shift towards deciduous species dominated woodlands (around 600 mm, variable with mean temperature). Only trees at warmer sites showed symptoms of growth decline, most likely explained by water stress increase in the last decades affecting the highly transformed open (i.e. low competition) tree structure. Stands at colder locations did not show any negative growth trend and may beneﬁt from the current increase in winter temperatures. Coinciding with the decrease in productivity, trees at warmer sites responded more to moisture availability, exhibited a slower response to precipitation and reached maximum growth at higher precipitation levels than trees at colder sites. This suggests that warmer stands are threatened by climate change. The non-linear response of growth to precipitation described is meaningful for different ecological applications and provides new insights in the way trees respond to climate.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cherubini, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gartner, Barbara L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tognetti, Roberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bräker, Otto U.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schoch, Werner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INNES, JOHN L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Identification, measurement and interpretation of tree rings in woody species from mediterranean climates.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arbutus unedo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendrochronology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendroecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecophysiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fraxinus ornus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean tree rings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus cerris</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus pubescens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wood anatomy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12620063</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">78</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119 - 148</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We review the literature dealing with mediterranean climate, vegetation, phenology and ecophysiology relevant to the understanding of tree-ring formation in mediterranean regions. Tree rings have been used extensively in temperate regions to reconstruct responses of forests to past environmental changes. In mediterranean regions, studies of tree rings are scarce, despite their potential for understanding and predicting the effects of global change on important ecological processes such as desertification. In mediterranean regions, due to the great spatio-temporal variability of mediterranean environmental conditions, tree rings are sometimes not formed. Often, clear seasonality is lacking, and vegetation activity is not always associated with regular dormancy periods. We present examples of tree-ring morphology of five species (Arbutus unedo, Fraxinus ornus, Quercus cerris, Q. ilex, Q. pubescens) sampled in Tuscany, Italy, focusing on the difficulties we encountered during the dating. We present an interpretation of anomalies found in the wood structure and, more generally, of cambial activity in such environments. Furthermore, we propose a classification of tree-ring formation in mediterranean environments. Mediterranean tree rings can be dated and used for dendrochronological purposes, but great care should be taken in selecting sampling sites, species and sample trees.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 12620063</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tognetti, Roberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cherubini, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INNES, JOHN L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparative stem-growth rates of Mediterranean trees under background and naturally enhanced ambient CO2 concentrations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Phytologist</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arbutus unedo (strawberry tree)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon Sequestration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendroecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural CO2 springs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex (holm oak)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree rings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00620.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59 - 74</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ring widths of five Mediterranean forest tree species (Arbutus unedo, Fraxinus ornus, Quercus cerris, Quercus ilex and Quercus pubescens) growing close to a natural source of CO2 in Tuscany, Italy and at a nearby control site were compared. At the CO2-enriched site, trees have been growing for decades under elevated CO2 concentrations. They originated from parent trees that also grew under elevated CO2 in natural conditions, and they have been continuously exposed to elevated CO2 throughout their growth. Tree-ring series from each of the species were prepared. Assigning calendar dates to rings was difficult but possible, and ring-width series were built for all species. The ring-width data were analysed using a two-sided t-test to assess if there was a difference between the radial growth at the CO2-enriched site and the control site. The cumulative basal area at the same cambial age at both sites was also compared using a Wilcoxon test. Radial growth of trees at the CO2-enriched site was not significantly different from growth at the control site. For each species, year by year, radial growth at the CO2-enriched site was tested against the control site and significant differences were found in only a few years; these differences were not synchronous with extreme climatic events. The expected increase in above-ground productivity, as one of the ecosystem responses to increasing CO2 during drought stress, was not observed in this Mediterranean woody plant community, despite being water-limited. Other resource limitations, such as low nutrient availability (common in the Mediterranean region), may have counteracted the positive effect of elevated CO2 under drought stress, or trees may have acclimated to the high CO2.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Cambridge University Press</style></notes></record></records></xml>