<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de la Cruz, Ana C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil, Paula M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-Cancio, Ángel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minaya, Mayte</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Navarro-Cerrillo, Rafael M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez-salguero, Raúl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grau, José Manuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De, Ana C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil, Paula M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-Cancio, Ángel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minaya, Mayte</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Navarro-Cerrillo, Rafael M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez-salguero, Raúl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manuel, José</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Defoliation triggered by climate induced effects in Spanish ICP Forests monitoring plots</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-correlation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crown condition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Synchronization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.08.010http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112714004824</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">331</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">245 - 255</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In a context of global change, climate impacts can trigger defoliation processes in different forest species. The ICP Forests network estimates the level of forest defoliation over time in different European countries. Those data are used to related defoliation with potential causal factors. In European Southwestern forests, climate change appears to be the detonating factor of generalized defoliation. The objectives of this study were: (i) identity defoliation trends in forest trees at network of Spanish ICP Forests monitoring plots and, (ii) find out if there are underlying climate factors that trigger defoliation process along the time. The spatiotemporal synchronization of the defoliation response was analyzed with cross-correlation using COFECHA software. The relationship between the 88 climatic variables proposed and defoliation was analyzed using Correlated Component Regression models (CCR models) and Discriminant Analysis (DA). The significance of the variables in each model was compared using contingency tables. A peak of defoliation was observed in the mid-1990s with no recovered to the initial values of the early 1990s. The behavior of the different tree species with respect to defoliation, synchronized both in time and space, involves one or several factors that have a general and similar effect on forests in Spain. The most significant factors related to defoliation were the thermal-related factors, particularly average temperatures in April and June and the thermal oscillation of both the current year and the previous year. Only one drought indicator as statistically significant was identified (A, duration of aridity in months) and suggests that it is of limited relevance in the Spanish forest defoliation conditions.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gea-Izquierdo, Guillermo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-de-Uña, Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, Isabel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth projections reveal local vulnerability of Mediterranean oaks with rising temperatures</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendroecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nonlinear response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus pyrenaica</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112713003678http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112713003678</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">305</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">282 - 293</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth projections using ecological models fitted to data collected along climatic gradients can help to understand how forests will respond to climate change. Stem growth of two Mediterranean oaks was predicted using nonlinear multiplicative models as a function of precipitation and minimum temperature of the hydrological year fitted to dendrochronological data. The growth of both species increased nonlinearly with accumulated precipitation before reaching an asymptote, but the species with a warmer niche (Q. ilex, an evergreen species) required lower levels of precipitation to achieve high relative growth. The species-specific relationship between growth and minimum temperature exhibited an optimum for the two species. Trees were negatively affected by high minimum temperatures whereas they responded negatively (Q. ilex) or neutrally (Q. pyrenaica, a deciduous species) to low temperatures along the climatic gradient analyzed. Growth would decrease rapidly when minimum temperatures rose above approximately 7 °C for Q. pyrenaica and 9 °C for Q. ilex. Most growth projections suggest a likely future decrease in productivity along the species range for Q. pyrenaica and particularly at species-specific warm, dry locations pointed to a future drastic reduction in productivity as a result of the increase in temperatures without a paired increase in precipitation forecasted by the different climate scenarios considered. In agreement with results from studies modeling future distribution of species this suggests that Q. pyrenaica could be threatened by climate change at the species local dry edge where, in addition, stands often present a lack of seed regeneration. More drought tolerant Q. ilex might profit from warming temperatures at cold northern locations but would also reduce productivity at warm, dry locations. Stem growth was successfully modeled using biologically meaningful species-specific responses to climate which provided key ecological information to understand the functional response of the two species. The models used have much potential to be applied with dendroecological data to study the response of forests to climate change.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez-Aparicio, LORENA</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibáñez, Beatriz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serrano, María S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Vita, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila, José M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García, Luis V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esperanza Sánchez, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marañón, Teodoro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatial patterns of soil pathogens in declining Mediterranean forests: implications for tree species regeneration.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The New phytologist</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Host-Pathogen Interactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">neighborhood models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pythium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pythium: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">regeneration dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling: microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil texture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil-borne pathogens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">species coexistence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22428751</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">194</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1014 - 1024</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil-borne pathogens are a key component of the belowground community because of the significance of their ecological and socio-economic impacts. However, very little is known about the complexity of their distribution patterns in natural systems. Here, we explored the patterns, causes and ecological consequences of spatial variability in pathogen abundance in Mediterranean forests affected by oak decline. We used spatially explicit neighborhood models to predict the abundance of soil-borne pathogen species (Phytophthora cinnamomi, Pythium spiculum and Pythium spp.) as a function of local abiotic conditions (soil texture) and the characteristics of the tree and shrub neighborhoods (species composition, size and health status). The implications of pathogen abundance for tree seedling performance were explored by conducting a sowing experiment in the same locations in which pathogen abundance was quantified. Pathogen abundance in the forest soil was not randomly distributed, but exhibited spatially predictable patterns influenced by both abiotic and, particularly, biotic factors (tree and shrub species). Pathogen abundance reduced seedling emergence and survival, but not in all sites or tree species. Our findings suggest that heterogeneous spatial patterns of pathogen abundance at fine spatial scale can be important for the dynamics and restoration of declining Mediterranean forests.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 22428751</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cano, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerrillo, Rafael Ma Navarro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferrer, Alfonso Garcia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de la Orden, Manuel Sanchéz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Detection of Forest Decline Using IKONOS Sensor for Cork Oak (Quercus suber L.) Woods in South Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geocarto International</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IKONOS (PG)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infrared/RedIndex (IR/R)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NDVI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistical Index of Defoliation (SID)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106040608542388</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13 - 18</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract Assessment of forest decline is severely hampered by the limited information on tree death on short temporal and broad spatial scales. In order to evaluate forest decline rates in cork oak of Southern Spain, an analysis was made of statistical correlation between the 4 IKONOS sensor original bands acquired in 2000, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Infrared/Red Index (IR/R) and defoliation information obtained from the ground study. IKONOS near infrared band was negative correlated with defoliation (Pearson Correlation ? 0.762). The correlation between defoliation and IR/R ratio (Pearson Correlation ?0.506) and NDVI (Pearson Correlation ?0.449) was also significantly correlated. The dispersion of data presents in each category of defoliation justifies the use of the median value as the representative variable value for each intervals of defoliation. The Statistical Index of Defoliation (SID), generated from a lineal combination of IKONOS sensor bands, shows a correlation rate of 0.85 with the deforestation ground estimate. This study shows that high?spatial?resolution satellite data can now be used to measure forest decline processes, suggesting many new alternatives to evaluate the impact of forest decline in Mediterranean forests.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/10106040608542388doi: 10.1080/10106040608542388The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cano, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerrillo, Rafael Ma Navarro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferrer, Alfonso Garcia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de la Orden, Manuel Sanchéz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Detection of Forest Decline Using IKONOS Sensor for Cork Oak (Quercus suber L.) Woods in South Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geocarto International</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IKONOS (PG)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infrared/RedIndex (IR/R)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NDVI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistical Index of Defoliation (SID)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor &amp; Francis</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13-18</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract Assessment of forest decline is severely hampered by the limited information on tree death on short temporal and broad spatial scales. In order to evaluate forest decline rates in cork oak of Southern Spain, an analysis was made of statistical correlation between the 4 IKONOS sensor original bands acquired in 2000, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Infrared/Red Index (IR/R) and defoliation information obtained from the ground study. IKONOS near infrared band was negative correlated with defoliation (Pearson Correlation ? 0.762). The correlation between defoliation and IR/R ratio (Pearson Correlation ?0.506) and NDVI (Pearson Correlation ?0.449) was also significantly correlated. The dispersion of data presents in each category of defoliation justifies the use of the median value as the representative variable value for each intervals of defoliation. The Statistical Index of Defoliation (SID), generated from a lineal combination of IKONOS sensor bands, shows a correlation rate of 0.85 with the deforestation ground estimate. This study shows that high?spatial?resolution satellite data can now be used to measure forest decline processes, suggesting many new alternatives to evaluate the impact of forest decline in Mediterranean forests.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/10106040608542388</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/10106040608542388</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bussotti, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferretti, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Air pollution, forest condition and forest decline in Southern Europe: an overview.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest conditions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollution climate</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">101</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49-65</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Over the last decades much of the work on the impact of air pollution on forests in Europe has concentrated on central and northern countries. The southern part of Europe has received far less attention, although air pollutants-especially the photochemical ones-can reach concentrations likely to have adverse effects on forest vegetation. Although international forest condition surveys present serious problems where data consistency is concerned, they reveal considerable year-by-year species-specific fluctuations rather than a large-scale forest decline. Cases of obvious decline related to environmental factors are well circumscribed: (1) the deterioration of some coastal forests due to the action of polluted seaspray; (2) the deterioration of reforestation projects, especially conifers, mainly due to the poor ecological compatibility between species and site; and (3) the decline of deciduous oaks in southern Italy and of evergreen oaks in the Iberian peninsula apparently due to the interaction of climate stresses and pests and diseases. However, besides obvious deterioration, changes in environmental factors can provoke situations of more subtle stress. The most sensitive stands are Mediterranean conifer forests and mesophile forests of the Mediterranean-montane plane growing at the edges of the natural ecological distribution. Evergreen sclerophyllous forests appear less sensitive to variations in climatic parameters, since they can adapt quite well to both drought and the action of UV-B rays. Several experiments were carried out to test the sensitivity of Mediterranean forest species to air pollutants. Most of those experiments used seedlings of different species treated with pollutant concentrations too high to be realistic, so it is difficult to derive adequate information on the response of adult trees in field conditions. Ozone has been proved to cause foliar injury in a variety of native forest species in different Southern European countries, while the effects of other pollutants (e.g. nitrogen, sulphur, acidic deposition) are less obvious and likely to be very localized. In the case of ozone, visible symptoms were almost completely missed by large-scale surveys and-at the same time-non-visible symptoms are suspected to be even more widespread than the visible ones. Owing to this and to the complex relationships existing between species sensitivity, ozone exposure and doses, length of the vegetative periods, influence of climatic and edaphic condition on the tree's response, the impacted areas are yet to be identified. Therefore, the large-scale impact of air pollutants on the forests of Southern Europe remains largely unknown, until more specific investigations are carried out.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15093098</style></accession-num></record></records></xml>