<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rives, Jesús</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez-Rodriguez, Ivan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rieradevall, Joan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabarrell, Xavier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental analysis of the production of natural cork stoppers in southern Europe (Catalonia – Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Cleaner Production</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork sector</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eco-efﬁciency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecomaterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LCA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LCI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stopper</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">259-271</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The wine industry has developed greatly over recent years, and it could be stated that what was once a traditional industry has become a very productive and technical sector. One aspect that has not been studied until now is the cork stopper, despite the fact that most wine bottles are sealed with this product, and practically all corks are produced in the Iberian Peninsula. This study presents the environmental analysis of the production of natural cork stoppers, using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The research was supported by data from four Catalan representative companies and all the stages involved in the production after the forest management have been taken into account. The purpose of this research was to provide reference data for the Catalan cork industrial sector (Northeast Spain), and also contribute to deciding which aspects of natural cork stopper production must be improved and further researched. Another objective of this research was to emphasise and demonstrate that LCA methodology could be an interesting tool for improving traditional industry, from a cleaner production perspective. Results could be used by other sector companies to analyse and compare themselves with in order to know if they could improve their production with the current available technology. Impact assessment results indicate that the manufacturing stage was the stage causing the greatest impact, but also an evaluation of the inﬂuence of the initial transport from the forest reveals that this stage could notably increase the impact when raw cork was moved from distant forests.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chatonnet, Pascal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fleury, Antoine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boutou, Stephane</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Origin and Incidence of 2-Methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, a Compound with a ``Fungal'' and ``Corky'' Aroma Found in Cork Stoppers and Oak Chips in Contact with Wines</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-Methoxy-3</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-dimethylpyrazine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork stopper</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak wood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rhizobium excellensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12481 - 12490</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study identifies a previously isolated bacterium as Rhizobium excellensis, a new species of proteobacteria able to form a large quantity of 2-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyrazine (MDMP). R. excellensis actively synthesizes MDMP from L-alanine and L-leucine and, to a lesser extent, from L-phenylalanine and L-valine. MDMP is a volatile, strong-smelling substance detected in wines with cork stoppers that have an unpleasant ``corky{''}, ``herbaceous{''} (potato, green hazelnut), or ``dusty{''} odor that is very different from the typical ``fungal{''} nose of a ``corked{''} wine that is generally due to 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA). The contamination of cork by MDMP is not correlated with the presence of TCA. It appears possible that R. excellensis is the microorganism mainly responsible for the presence of this molecule in cork bark. However, other observations suggest that MDMP might taint wine through other ways. Oak wood can also be contaminated and affect wines with which it comes into contact. Nevertheless, because 93% of the MDMP content in wood is destroyed after 10 min at 220 degrees C, sufficiently toasted oak barrels or alternatives probably do not represent a major source of MDMP in most of the cases. Due to MDMP's relatively low detection threshold estimated at 2.1 ng/L, its presence in about 40% of the untreated natural cork stoppers sampled at concentrations above 10 ng/cork suggests that this compound, if extracted from the stoppers, may pose a risk for wine producers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branco, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teixeira, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Formation of Acutissimin A in red wine through the contact with cork</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL DES SCIENCES DE LA VIGNE ET DU VIN</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acutissimin A</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HPLC/MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">identification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">217 - 221</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study shows that when cork material gets in contact with wine, the elagitannins which exist in the cork material (namely one called vescalagin) react with the catechins present in the wine, producing, among others, Acutissimin A, which is an anti-tumoural agent about 250 times more potent than one of the most common anti-cancer drugs clinically used (VP-16). So, the contact of wine samples without the barrel winemaking stage (oak contact) was carried out with cork in order to determine the presence of Acutissimin A. After a contact time of about 30 min, 150 min and 6 days, Acutissimin A was detected in all samples containing cork. In the samples in which the contact was with oak wood, in our conditions, it was not possible to detect Acutissimin A.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 42 RUE MARSAN, 33300 BORDEAUX, FRANCE&lt;br/&gt;publisher: VIGNE ET VIN PUBLICATIONS INT</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branco, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teixeira, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Formation of Acutissimin A in red wine through the contact with cork</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL DES SCIENCES DE LA VIGNE ET DU VIN</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acutissimin A</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HPLC/MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">identification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VIGNE ET VIN PUBLICATIONS INT</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42 RUE MARSAN, 33300 BORDEAUX, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">217-221</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study shows that when cork material gets in contact with wine, the elagitannins which exist in the cork material (namely one called vescalagin) react with the catechins present in the wine, producing, among others, Acutissimin A, which is an anti-tumoural agent about 250 times more potent than one of the most common anti-cancer drugs clinically used (VP-16). So, the contact of wine samples without the barrel winemaking stage (oak contact) was carried out with cork in order to determine the presence of Acutissimin A. After a contact time of about 30 min, 150 min and 6 days, Acutissimin A was detected in all samples containing cork. In the samples in which the contact was with oak wood, in our conditions, it was not possible to detect Acutissimin A.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, Claus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, Ulrich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of Cork Taint in Wine and Cork Material at Olfactory Subthreshold Levels by Solid Phase Microextraction</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-4-6-trichloroanisole</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork taint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPME</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Chemical Society</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995-1997</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1021/jf970121r</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1021/jf970121r</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, Claus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, Ulrich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of Cork Taint in Wine and Cork Material at Olfactory Subthreshold Levels by Solid Phase Microextraction</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-4-6-trichloroanisole</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork taint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPME</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf970121r</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995 - 1997</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1021/jf970121rdoi: 10.1021/jf970121rThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: American Chemical Society</style></notes></record></records></xml>