<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez, Marta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viejo, Marcos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LaCuesta, Maite</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toorop, Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañal, Maria Jesus</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epigenetic and hormonal profile during maturation of Quercus Suber L. somatic embryos.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of plant physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ABA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA methylation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunolocalization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">maturation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">173</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51-61</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis is a powerful alternative to conventional mass propagation of Quercus suber L. However, poor quality and incomplete maturation of somatic embryos restrict any application. Given that epigenetic and hormonal control govern many developmental stages, including maturation of zygotic embryos, global DNA methylation and abscisic acid (ABA) were analyzed during development and maturation of cork oak somatic embryos. Our results indicated that development of somatic embryos concurred with a decrease in 5-mdC. In contrast, endogenous ABA content showed a transient increase with a peak in immature E2 embryos denoting the onset of the maturation phase. A cold stratification phase was necessary for embryos to acquire germination ability, which coincided with a significant decrease in 5-mdC and ABA content. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that there was a specific spatial-temporal regulation during embryogenesis, particularly after the cold treatment. The acquisition of germination capacity concurred with a general low 5-mdC signal in the root meristem, while retention of the 5-mdC signal was mainly located in the shoot meristem and provascular tissues. Conversely, ABA immunolocalization was mainly located in the root and shoot apical meristems. Furthermore, a strong decrease in the ABA signal was observed in the root cap after the stratification treatment suggesting a role for the root cap during development of somatic embryos. These results suggest that, in addition to ABA, epigenetic control appears to play an important role for the correct maturation and subsequent germination of cork oak somatic embryos.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25462078</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiménez, Jesús</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López-Vela, Dolores</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruiz-Galea, Mar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Celestino, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toribio, Mariano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alegre, Jesús</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Embryogenic suspensions of adult cork oak: the first step towards mass propagation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">á somatic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">embryogenesis á suspension culture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micropropagation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micropropagation á quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suspension culture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s00468-012-0763-yhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00468-012-0763-y</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13 - 23</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Protocols have been established to clone adult cork oak trees by somatic embryogenesis using semisolid medium. However, for economically viable mass propagation, embryogenic cultures in liquid medium need to be developed. In this study, suspension cultures were initiated from embryo clusters obtained by secondary embryogenesis on a gelled medium lacking plant growth regulators. After 6 days of culture, these embryo clusters generated high cell density suspensions that also contained small organized structures (embryos and embryogenic clumps). As the culture duration increased, tissue necrosis and fewer embryogenic structures were observed and the establishment of suspension cultures failed. An alternative method was found adequate for initiation of embryogenic suspensions: embryo clusters from gelled medium were brieﬂy shaken in liquid medium and detached cells and embryogenic masses of 41–800 lm were used as inoculum. Maintenance of embryogenic suspensions was achieved using a low-density inoculum (43 mg l -1 ) by subculturing four embryogenic clumps of 0.8–1.2 mm per 70 ml of medium. Proliferation ability was maintained for almost 1 year through ten consecutive subcultures. The initiation and maintenance protocols ﬁrst developed for a single genotype were effective when tested on 11 cork oak genotypes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Álvarez-Fernández, Rubén</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ordás, Ricardo-Javier</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loyola-Vargas, Víctor M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ochoa-Alejo, Neftalí</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Improved Genetic Transformation of Cork Oak (Quercus suber L.)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Cell Culture Protocols SE - 28</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AGL1</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agrobacterium tumefaciens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herbicide Resistance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kanamycin resistance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree genetic transformation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-818-4_28</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humana Press</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">877</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">385 - 399 LA -- English</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-1-61779-817-7</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for selected mature Quercus suber L. trees has been established. Leaf-derived somatic embryos in an early stage of development are inoculated with an AGL1 strain harboring a kanamycin-selectable plasmid carrying the gene of interest. The transformed embryos are induced to germinate and the plantlets transferred to soil. This protocol, from adult cork oak to transformed plantlet, can be completed in about one and a half years. Transformation efficiencies (i.e., percentage of inoculated explants that yield independent transgenic embryogenic lines) vary depending on the cork oak genotype, reaching up to 43%.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Plant Cell Culture Protocols SE - 28&lt;br/&gt;electronic-resource-num: 10.1007/978-1-61779-818-4_28</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandes, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costa, Armando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rocha, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, Conceição</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Al, E. T.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GENETIC STABILITY EVALUATION OF QUERCUS SUBER L . SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS BY RAPD ANALYSIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pakistan Journal of Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetic stability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RAPD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2727 - 2731</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A reliable protocol for adult Quercus suber L. somatic embryogenesis (SE) was developed recently. To evaluate the potential use of this protocol in cork oak forest breeding programs, it is essential to guarantee somatic embryos/emblings genetic stability. Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is currently used to assess somaclonal variation providing information on genetic variability of the micropropagation process. In this work, SE was induced from adult trees by growing leaf explants on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D and zeatin. Embling conversion took place on MS medium without growth regulators. DNA from donor tree, somatic embryos and emblings was used to assess genetic variability by RAPD fingerprinting. Fourteen primers produced 165 genetic loci with high quality and reproducibility. Despite somatic embryos originated some poor quality PCR-profiles, replicable and excellent fingerprints were obtained for both donor plant and embling. Results presented no differences among regenerated emblings and donor plant. Hence, the SE protocol used did not induce, up to moment, any genetic variability, confirming data previously obtained with other molecular/genetic techniques, supporting that this protocol may be used to provide true-to-type plants from important forestry species.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CELESTINO, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HERNÁNDEZ, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopez-Vela, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CARNEROS, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALEGRE, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TORIBIO, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-Guijarro, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardo, L</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santamaria, JM and Desjardins, Y</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">First data from a field trial of Quercus suber plants regenerated from mature selected trees and from their half-sib progenies by somatic embryogenesis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Acclimatization and Establishment of Micropropagated Plants</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">field establishment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rejuvenation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">woody plant micro-propagation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">215-218</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-90-6605-550-6</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis is considered as the most suitable current regeneration technique for the conservation and genetic improvement of tree species. The ability to induce somatic embryogenesis in leaves from mature trees gives the possibility to compare the performance of the parent trees and their progenies at the same age and place of test. Somatic seedlings were regenerated from five selected cork oak trees and from young plants of their half-sib progenies. They were planted in the field conjointly with zygotic seedlings of these families, to test the comparisons somatic vs. zygotic origin and somatic from mature trees vs. somatic from juvenile seedlings. The effect of genotype and kind of progeny will be studied in a complete factorial design; therefore the field trial comprised 15 treatments arranged in five completely randomised blocks. Each experimental unit included three plants that were distributed following a row and column pattern. Fist survival and height data after six and twelve months of establishment are provided. All plants from seeds survived while almost the half of somatic seedlings died after the winter and they were replaced. Almost 70% of these plants survived after the following summer. There were no differences between somatic seedlings of mature or juvenile origin. Zygotic seedlings doubled the height of the somatic ones after one year in the field, and within these plants those of mature origin grew slightly more than those of juvenile source. Differences due to genotype and family effects were noticeable. No apparent morphological alterations were detected among the three kinds of tested progenies.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Celestino, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hernández, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopez-Vela, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carneros, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alegre, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toribio, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez-Guijarro, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardo, L.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santamaria, JM and Desjardins</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">First data from a field trial of Quercus suber plants regenerated from mature selected trees and from their half-sib progenies by somatic embryogenesis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Acclimatization and Establishment of Micropropagated Plants</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">field establishment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rejuvenation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">woody plant micro-propagation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">215 - 218</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-90-6605-550-6</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis is considered as the most suitable current regeneration technique for the conservation and genetic improvement of tree species. The ability to induce somatic embryogenesis in leaves from mature trees gives the possibility to compare the performance of the parent trees and their progenies at the same age and place of test. Somatic seedlings were regenerated from five selected cork oak trees and from young plants of their half-sib progenies. They were planted in the field conjointly with zygotic seedlings of these families, to test the comparisons somatic vs. zygotic origin and somatic from mature trees vs. somatic from juvenile seedlings. The effect of genotype and kind of progeny will be studied in a complete factorial design; therefore the field trial comprised 15 treatments arranged in five completely randomised blocks. Each experimental unit included three plants that were distributed following a row and column pattern. Fist survival and height data after six and twelve months of establishment are provided. All plants from seeds survived while almost the half of somatic seedlings died after the winter and they were replaced. Almost 70% of these plants survived after the following summer. There were no differences between somatic seedlings of mature or juvenile origin. Zygotic seedlings doubled the height of the somatic ones after one year in the field, and within these plants those of mature origin grew slightly more than those of juvenile source. Differences due to genotype and family effects were noticeable. No apparent morphological alterations were detected among the three kinds of tested progenies.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Acclimatization and Establishment of Micropropagated Plants&lt;br/&gt;issue: 748&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alvarez, Rubén</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toribio, Mariano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortizo, Millán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ordás Fernández, Ricardo-Javier</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, K.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork Oak Trees (Quercus suber L.).</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AGL1</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agrobacterium tumefaciens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kanamycin resistance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pBINUbiGUSint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree genetic transformation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">β-glucuronidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17033056</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humana Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Totowa</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">344</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113 - 123</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A transformation system for selected mature Quercus suber L. trees using Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been established. Embryos obtained from recurrent proliferating embryogenic masses are inoculated with AGL1 strain harbouring the plasmid pBINUbiGUSint, which carries the nptII and uidA genes. Evidence of stable transgene integration is obtained by polymerase chain reaction for nptII and uidA genes, Southern blotting and expression of the uidA gene. The transgenic embryos are germinated and successfully transferred to soil.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 17033056&lt;br/&gt;electronic-resource-num: 10.1385/1-59745-131-2:113</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>7</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alvarez, Rubén</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toribio, Mariano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortizo, Millán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ordás Fernández, Ricardo-Javier</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, K</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork Oak Trees (Quercus suber L.).</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AGL1</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agrobacterium tumefaciens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kanamycin resistance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pBINUbiGUSint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree genetic transformation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">β-glucuronidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humana Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Totowa</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">344</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113-123</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A transformation system for selected mature Quercus suber L. trees using Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been established. Embryos obtained from recurrent proliferating embryogenic masses are inoculated with AGL1 strain harbouring the plasmid pBINUbiGUSint, which carries the nptII and uidA genes. Evidence of stable transgene integration is obtained by polymerase chain reaction for nptII and uidA genes, Southern blotting and expression of the uidA gene. The transgenic embryos are germinated and successfully transferred to soil.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17033056</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopes, Tina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinto, Glória</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loureiro, João</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costa, Armando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, Conceição</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Determination of genetic stability in long-term somatic embryogenic cultures and derived plantlets of cork oak using microsatellite markers</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic variability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SSR markers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/9/1145.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1145 - 1152</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microsatellites were used to test genetic stability in somatic embryos (SE) of Quercus suber L. The SE were obtained by a simple somatic embryogenesis protocol: leaf explants from two adult plants (QsG0, QsG5) and from two juvenile plants (QsGM1, QsGM2) were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and zeatin. Calluses with primary embryogenic structures were transferred to MSWH (MS medium without growth regulators) and SE proliferated by secondary somatic embryogenesis. High morphological heterogeneity was found among cotyledonary SE. However, converted plants looked morphologically normal with well-developed rooting systems and shoots. The genetic stability of the plant material during the somatic embryogenesis process was evaluated by using six to eight nuclear microsatellites transferred from Q. myrsinifolia Blume, Q. petraea (Matts.) Liebl. and Q. robur L. Five of eight microsatellites distinguished among the genotypes analyzed, and for QsG0, QsGM1 and QsGM2, uniform microsatellite patterns were generally observed within and between SE and the respective donor genotypes. For genotype QsG5, the same pattern was observed in all samples analyzed except one, where the mutation percentage was 2.5%. We conclude that microsatellite markers can be used to assess genetic stability of clonal materials and to determine genetic stability throughout the process of somatic embryogenesis. The simple somatic embryogenesis protocol described has potential for the commercial propagation of Q. suber because it results in a low percentage of mutations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/26.9.114510.1093/treephys/26.9.1145</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alvarez, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alonso, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortizo, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Celestino, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hernández, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toribio, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ordás, R. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic transformation of selected mature cork oak (Quercus suber L.) trees.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant cell reports</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agrobacterium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree genetic transformation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15185122</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">218 - 223</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3498510479</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A transformation system for selected mature cork oak (Quercus suber L.) trees using Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been established. Embryos obtained from recurrent proliferating embryogenic masses were inoculated with A. tumefaciens strains EHA105, LBA4404 or AGL1 harbouring the plasmid pBINUbiGUSint [carrying the neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) and beta-glucuronidase (uidA) genes]. The highest transformation efficiency (4%) was obtained when freshly isolated explants were inoculated with A. tumefaciens strain AGL1. Evidence of stable transgene integration was obtained by PCR for the nptII and uidA genes, Southern blotting and expression of the uidA gene. The transgenic embryos were germinated and successfully transferred to soil.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 15185122</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Álvarez, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alonso, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortizo, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CELESTINO, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HERNÁNDEZ, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TORIBIO, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ordás, R J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic transformation of selected mature cork oak (Quercus suber L.) trees.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant cell reports</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agrobacterium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree genetic transformation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">218-223</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3498510479</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A transformation system for selected mature cork oak (Quercus suber L.) trees using Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been established. Embryos obtained from recurrent proliferating embryogenic masses were inoculated with A. tumefaciens strains EHA105, LBA4404 or AGL1 harbouring the plasmid pBINUbiGUSint [carrying the neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) and beta-glucuronidase (uidA) genes]. The highest transformation efficiency (4%) was obtained when freshly isolated explants were inoculated with A. tumefaciens strain AGL1. Evidence of stable transgene integration was obtained by PCR for the nptII and uidA genes, Southern blotting and expression of the uidA gene. The transgenic embryos were germinated and successfully transferred to soil.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15185122</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez, M. Concepción</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez, M. Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valladares, Silvia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferro, Enrique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viéitez, Ana M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maturation and germination of oak somatic embryos originated from leaf and stem explants: RAPD markers for genetic analysis of regenerants.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of plant physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA polymorphism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetic stability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant conversion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus robur</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12872492</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">160</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">699 - 707</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experiments were performed to determine the influence of maturation medium carbohydrate content on the rates of germination and plantlet conversion (root and shoot growth) of somatic embryos from four embryogenic lines derived from leaf or internode explants of Quercus robur L. seedlings. The conversion rate was favoured by high carbohydrate content as long as the maturation medium contained at least 2% sucrose, which was necessary for healthy embryo development. Given this, sorbitol and mannitol favoured the conversion rate more efficiently than sucrose, the highest rate, 32%, being achieved by medium with 6% sorbitol and 3% sucrose. Maturation treatment did not affect the root or shoot lengths of converted embryos. In supplementary experiments, 2 weeks of gibberellic acid treatment between maturation and germination treatments did not improve germination rates, but did reduce root length and the number of leaves per regenerated plantlet. In the four embryogenic lines tested, plant recovery rate was enhanced by inclusion of benzyladenine into the germination medium following culture of the embryos on maturation medium with 6% sorbitol and 2-3% sucrose. In embryogenic systems it is important to assess the uniformity of the regenerants. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using 32 arbitrary oligonucleotide primers was performed to study variability in DNA sequences within and between four embryogenic lines. No intraclonal nor interclonal polymorphism was detected between embryogenic lines originating from different types of explant from the same seedling, but every one of the primers detected enough polymorphism among clones originating from different plants to allow these three origins to be distinguished. No differences in DNA sequences between regenerated plantlets and their somatic embryos of origin were detected, but a nodular callus line that had lost its embryogenic capacity was found to be mutant with respect to three other clones originating from the same plantlet. This study shows that high carbohydrate levels in the maturation medium significantly increase plant conversion of oak somatic embryos, which exhibit no variation in DNA sequences when proliferated by secondary embryogenesis.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 12872492</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez, M Concepción</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez, M Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valladares, Silvia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferro, Enrique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viéitez, Ana M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maturation and germination of oak somatic embryos originated from leaf and stem explants: RAPD markers for genetic analysis of regenerants.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of plant physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA polymorphism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetic stability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant conversion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus robur</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">160</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">699-707</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experiments were performed to determine the influence of maturation medium carbohydrate content on the rates of germination and plantlet conversion (root and shoot growth) of somatic embryos from four embryogenic lines derived from leaf or internode explants of Quercus robur L. seedlings. The conversion rate was favoured by high carbohydrate content as long as the maturation medium contained at least 2% sucrose, which was necessary for healthy embryo development. Given this, sorbitol and mannitol favoured the conversion rate more efficiently than sucrose, the highest rate, 32%, being achieved by medium with 6% sorbitol and 3% sucrose. Maturation treatment did not affect the root or shoot lengths of converted embryos. In supplementary experiments, 2 weeks of gibberellic acid treatment between maturation and germination treatments did not improve germination rates, but did reduce root length and the number of leaves per regenerated plantlet. In the four embryogenic lines tested, plant recovery rate was enhanced by inclusion of benzyladenine into the germination medium following culture of the embryos on maturation medium with 6% sorbitol and 2-3% sucrose. In embryogenic systems it is important to assess the uniformity of the regenerants. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using 32 arbitrary oligonucleotide primers was performed to study variability in DNA sequences within and between four embryogenic lines. No intraclonal nor interclonal polymorphism was detected between embryogenic lines originating from different types of explant from the same seedling, but every one of the primers detected enough polymorphism among clones originating from different plants to allow these three origins to be distinguished. No differences in DNA sequences between regenerated plantlets and their somatic embryos of origin were detected, but a nodular callus line that had lost its embryogenic capacity was found to be mutant with respect to three other clones originating from the same plantlet. This study shows that high carbohydrate levels in the maturation medium significantly increase plant conversion of oak somatic embryos, which exhibit no variation in DNA sequences when proliferated by secondary embryogenesis.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12872492</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HERNÁNDEZ, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CELESTINO, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALEGRE, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TORIBIO, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetative propagation of Quercus suber L. by somatic embryogenesis. II. Plant regeneration from selected cork oak trees.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant cell reports</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clonal propagation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selected trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">765-770</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The regeneration of somatic seedlings from selected 100-year-old cork oak trees is reported. The induction of somatic embryogenesis from leaves of epicormic shoots was significantly affected by genotype, harvesting time and their interaction. Leaves from all five selected trees produced somatic embryos when the segments of branches used as sources of epicormic shoots were collected in May. Genotype, but not the level of photosynthetically active radiation, affected the proliferation of the embryogenic lines and the number of detachable embryos that could be obtained from them. Genotype also affected several steps leading to conversion of somatic embryos, from germination to complete acclimatisation of somatic seedlings. Almost 40% of the somatic embryos from all lines germinated, showing coordinated root and shoot growth. Although the mean percentage of recovery for the whole process was low, plants could be regenerated from four of the five trees tested.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12789520</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HERNÁNDEZ, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CELESTINO, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TORIBIO, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetative propagation of Quercus suber L. by somatic embryogenesis. I. Factors affecting the induction in leaves from mature cork oak trees.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant cell reports</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clonal propagation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">759-764</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis was induced in expanding leaves from epicormic shoots forced to sprout from segments of branches collected from several hundred-year-old cork oak trees. Following a basic protocol previously defined for leaves taken from seedlings of this species, several factors were studied to improve the response. The induction frequency was significantly higher when the length of exposure to growth regulators was increased from 7 to 30 days. The combined application of NAA and BAP was essential for induction. Although both regulators had a very significant influence, their interaction was not significant, suggesting independent roles. Leaf size had a crucial effect, because beyond a certain threshold, embryogenesis could not be obtained. Embryogenic lines were maintained via repetitive embryogenesis on hormone-free medium for more than 2 years.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12789519</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hornero, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martinez, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CELESTINO, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gallego, F J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torres, V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TORIBIO, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EARLY CHECKING OF GENETIC STABILITY OF CORK OAK SOMATIC EMBRYOS BY AFLP ANALYSIS.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Plant Sciences</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AFLP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA markers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in vitro culture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">somaclonal variation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">University of Chicago Press</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">162</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">827</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early checking of the genetic stability, of tissue culture-derived plants is necessary to obtain all the potential benefits of clonal forestry. Previous work in Quercus suber L. using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers showed no genetic variation among somatic embryos within embryogenic lines of zygotic origin. Genetic fingerprinting based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) allows the direct analysis of variation at the entire DNA level by generating more reproducible markers than RAPDs. To confirm the absence of genetic variation within six embryogenic lines of zygotic origin, six primer pairs were selected out of 48 combinations of primers for revealing up to 512 AFLP markers, 301 of them (58.8%) being polymorphic. The mean number of markers per genotype was 375. Again differences were recorded among embryogenic lines, even between those that arose from half-sib zygotic embryos, but no variation was observed among somatic embryos within embryogenic lines. To check variation in embryogenic lines raised from non-embryonic tissues, somatic embryogenesis was induced in expanding leaves collected from sprouts originating in three mature cork oak. DNA was extracted from leaves and from somatic embryos derived from each tree, and three primer pairs showed 165, 110, and 108 markers per genotype/tree, respectively. In one tree, AFLP patterns generated from leaves and somatic embryos were identical, but variation was detected in samples from the other two trees. Although the level of genetic variation detected in these lines (5.6% and 7.3% of polymorphism, respectively) is lower than that recorded for half sibs of cork oak (25%–31%), its influence on phenotypic variation needs further assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accession Number: 4694993; Hornero, J. Martínez, I. Celestino, C. Gallego, F.J. Torres, V. Toribio, M.; Source Info: Jul2001, Vol. 162 Issue 4, p827; Subject Term: CORK oak; Subject Term: GENETIC polymorphisms; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4881</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accession Number: 4694993; Hornero, J. Martínez, I. Celestino, C. Gallego, F.J. Torres, V. Toribio, M.; Source Info: Jul2001, Vol. 162 Issue 4, p827; Subject Term: CORK oak; Subject Term: GENETIC polymorphisms; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4881</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hornero, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martinez, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Celestino, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gallego, F. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torres, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toribio, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EARLY CHECKING OF GENETIC STABILITY OF CORK OAK SOMATIC EMBRYOS BY AFLP ANALYSIS.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Plant Sciences</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AFLP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA markers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in vitro culture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">somaclonal variation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&amp;db=a9h&amp;AN=4694993&amp;lang=pt-br&amp;site=ehost-live&amp;scope=site</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">162</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early checking of the genetic stability, of tissue culture-derived plants is necessary to obtain all the potential benefits of clonal forestry. Previous work in Quercus suber L. using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers showed no genetic variation among somatic embryos within embryogenic lines of zygotic origin. Genetic fingerprinting based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) allows the direct analysis of variation at the entire DNA level by generating more reproducible markers than RAPDs. To confirm the absence of genetic variation within six embryogenic lines of zygotic origin, six primer pairs were selected out of 48 combinations of primers for revealing up to 512 AFLP markers, 301 of them (58.8%) being polymorphic. The mean number of markers per genotype was 375. Again differences were recorded among embryogenic lines, even between those that arose from half-sib zygotic embryos, but no variation was observed among somatic embryos within embryogenic lines. To check variation in embryogenic lines raised from non-embryonic tissues, somatic embryogenesis was induced in expanding leaves collected from sprouts originating in three mature cork oak. DNA was extracted from leaves and from somatic embryos derived from each tree, and three primer pairs showed 165, 110, and 108 markers per genotype/tree, respectively. In one tree, AFLP patterns generated from leaves and somatic embryos were identical, but variation was detected in samples from the other two trees. Although the level of genetic variation detected in these lines (5.6% and 7.3% of polymorphism, respectively) is lower than that recorded for half sibs of cork oak (25%–31%), its influence on phenotypic variation needs further assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accession Number: 4694993; Hornero, J. Martínez, I. Celestino, C. Gallego, F.J. Torres, V. Toribio, M.; Source Info: Jul2001, Vol. 162 Issue 4, p827; Subject Term: CORK oak; Subject Term: GENETIC polymorphisms; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4881Accession Number: 4694993; Hornero, J. Martínez, I. Celestino, C. Gallego, F.J. Torres, V. Toribio, M.; Source Info: Jul2001, Vol. 162 Issue 4, p827; Subject Term: CORK oak; Subject Term: GENETIC polymorphisms; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4881The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: University of Chicago Press</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dı́ez, Jesús</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manjón, José Luis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kovács, Gabor M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Celestino, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toribio, Mariano</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycorrhization of vitroplants raised from somatic embryos of cork oak (Quercus suber L.)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Soil Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ectomycorrhizas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycorrhization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0929139300000871</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119 - 123</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The technique described herein allows in vitro ectomycorrhizal synthesis in Quercus suber vitroplants raised from somatic embryos with Pisolithus tinctorius and Scleroderma polyrhizum strains. Only strains of this species coming from fruit bodies collected in Quercus suber stands (strain QS241 and strain QS247) formed ectomycorrhizas, and hence these species seem to exhibit host adaptation. The in vitro mycorrhization facilitated the development of secondary roots and the ex vitro weaning of cork oak vitroplants.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dı́ez, Jesús</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manjón, José Luis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kovács, Gabor M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Celestino, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toribio, Mariano</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycorrhization of vitroplants raised from somatic embryos of cork oak (Quercus suber L.)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Soil Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ectomycorrhizas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycorrhization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119-123</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The technique described herein allows in vitro ectomycorrhizal synthesis in Quercus suber vitroplants raised from somatic embryos with Pisolithus tinctorius and Scleroderma polyrhizum strains. Only strains of this species coming from fruit bodies collected in Quercus suber stands (strain QS241 and strain QS247) formed ectomycorrhizas, and hence these species seem to exhibit host adaptation. The in vitro mycorrhization facilitated the development of secondary roots and the ex vitro weaning of cork oak vitroplants.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Celestino, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Picazo, M. L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of 50 Hz electromagnetic fields on recurrent embryogenesis and germination of cork oak somatic embryos</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant cell, tissue and …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bioelectromagnetism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elf magnetic fields</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">germination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus Suber L</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tissue culture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/J63G08P8G37N7373.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">54</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65 - 69</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant tissue culture techniques are carried out under environmentally controlled conditions in phytotrons. However, electric components of phytotrons generate electromagnetic ﬁelds that may act as a environmental factor inﬂuencing plant growth and morphogenesis. Isolated somatic embryos of Quercus suber, picked from embryogenic lines, were chronically exposed to a 50 Hz and 15 µT electromagnetic ﬁeld generated in a Helmholtz-coil system for 8 weeks, in order to examine if the extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic ﬁeld (MF) affected the morphogenic behaviour of embryogenic cultures during recurrent embryogenesis. Germination of somatic embryos from genotype G7.1 was carried out under the same electromagnetic ﬁeld, and also under conditions in which the local geomagnetic ﬁeld was suppressed. The ELF MF did not inﬂuence the growth of embryogenic clumps of the assayed genotypes, but reduced the number of detachable embryos produced by genotype G3.27. The ELF MF did not modify the percentages of germination or plant formation of somatic embryos. However, somatic embryos had better germination when cultured under the suppressed geomagnetic ﬁeld condition.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Celestino, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Picazo, M L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of 50 Hz electromagnetic fields on recurrent embryogenesis and germination of cork oak somatic embryos</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant cell, tissue and …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bioelectromagnetism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elf magnetic fields</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">germination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus Suber L</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tissue culture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">54</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65-69</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant tissue culture techniques are carried out under environmentally controlled conditions in phytotrons. However, electric components of phytotrons generate electromagnetic ﬁelds that may act as a environmental factor inﬂuencing plant growth and morphogenesis. Isolated somatic embryos of Quercus suber, picked from embryogenic lines, were chronically exposed to a 50 Hz and 15 µT electromagnetic ﬁeld generated in a Helmholtz-coil system for 8 weeks, in order to examine if the extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic ﬁeld (MF) affected the morphogenic behaviour of embryogenic cultures during recurrent embryogenesis. Germination of somatic embryos from genotype G7.1 was carried out under the same electromagnetic ﬁeld, and also under conditions in which the local geomagnetic ﬁeld was suppressed. The ELF MF did not inﬂuence the growth of embryogenic clumps of the assayed genotypes, but reduced the number of detachable embryos produced by genotype G3.27. The ELF MF did not modify the percentages of germination or plant formation of somatic embryos. However, somatic embryos had better germination when cultured under the suppressed geomagnetic ﬁeld condition.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mauri, P V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez-Galiano, E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRODUCCIÓN DE PLANTA CLONAL DE QUERcus ILEX L. MEDIANTE EMBRIOGÉNESIS SOMÁTICA PARA MICORRIZACIÓN CON TUBER MELANOSPORUM Vitt.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">II Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Growth Regulators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuber melanosporum Vitt.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">zygotic embryos</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pamplona</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">395-400</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L. is the most important tree for the micorritation with Tuber melanosporum Vitt. Quercus ilex L. acorns were collected during the summer and they were surface sterilized with a 15% NaC10H solution. Zygotic embryos were then plated in darlrness during 30 days in a MS medium containing PRL-4-C macrosalts. Different concentrations of growth regulators (NAA, BA and 2,4D) were added to the basic medium for inducting somatic embryogenesis. Explants were transferred to a basal medium supplemented with 0,5 MBA and 0,5 MNAA, during 30 days in light. The somatic embryogenesis response appeared in every media assayed, even in the one with no PGRs, except in those containing 3. M 2,4D. The somatic embryos appeared from embryogenic yellow, friable callus or directly from the apical axis. Once the embryonic callus was transferred to PGRs free medium, secondary embryogenesis appeared repetitively. Somatic embryogenesis in Quercus ilex L. seems not to dependent on the PGRs added, appearing even with no PGRs. Secondary embryogenesis allows a continuing production of somatic embryos, essential to obtain high amounts of clonal plants.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-Guijarro, Bárbara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Celestino, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toribio, Mariano</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of external factors on secondary embryogenesis and germination in somatic embryos from leaves of Quercus suber</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">culture media</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">recurrent embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">repetitive embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/BF00051578</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99 - 106</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis was obtained in cultures of leaves from young seedlings of Quercus suber L. A two- stage process, in which benzyladenine and naphthaleneacetic acid were added first at high and then at low concentrations, was required to initiate the process. Somatic embryos arose when the explants were subsequently placed on medium lacking plant growth regulators. The embryogenic lines remained productive, by means of secondary embryogenesis, on medium without growth regulators. However, this repetitive induction was influenced by the macronutrient composition of the culture medium. Both low total nitrogen content and high reduced nitrogen concentration decreased the percentage of somatic embryos that showed secondary embryogenesis. Our results suggest that alternate culture on medium that increases embryo proliferation and a low salt medium prohibiting embryo formation will partially synchronize embryo development. Chilling slightly reduced secondary embryogenesis but gave a modest increase in germination. Maturation under light followed by storage at 4 °C for at least 30 days gave the best results in switching embryos from an embryogenic pathway to a germinative one. Under these conditions 15% of embryos showed coordinated root and shoot growth and 35% formed either shoots or mostly roots. These percentages were higher than those of embryos matured in darkness. This result indicates that a specific treatment is required after maturation and before chilling to activate the switch from secondary embryo formation to germination.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-Guijarro, Bárbara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Celestino, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toribio, Mariano</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of external factors on secondary embryogenesis and germination in somatic embryos from leaves of Quercus suber</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">culture media</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">recurrent embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">repetitive embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99-106</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis was obtained in cultures of leaves from young seedlings of Quercus suber L. A two- stage process, in which benzyladenine and naphthaleneacetic acid were added first at high and then at low concentrations, was required to initiate the process. Somatic embryos arose when the explants were subsequently placed on medium lacking plant growth regulators. The embryogenic lines remained productive, by means of secondary embryogenesis, on medium without growth regulators. However, this repetitive induction was influenced by the macronutrient composition of the culture medium. Both low total nitrogen content and high reduced nitrogen concentration decreased the percentage of somatic embryos that showed secondary embryogenesis. Our results suggest that alternate culture on medium that increases embryo proliferation and a low salt medium prohibiting embryo formation will partially synchronize embryo development. Chilling slightly reduced secondary embryogenesis but gave a modest increase in germination. Maturation under light followed by storage at 4 °C for at least 30 days gave the best results in switching embryos from an embryogenic pathway to a germinative one. Under these conditions 15% of embryos showed coordinated root and shoot growth and 35% formed either shoots or mostly roots. These percentages were higher than those of embryos matured in darkness. This result indicates that a specific treatment is required after maturation and before chilling to activate the switch from secondary embryo formation to germination.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bueno, M. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Astorga, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manzanera, J. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in Quercus suber</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physiologia Plantarum</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tissue culture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb05259.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30 - 34</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) zygotic embryos, endosperm and ovules were treated with different concentrations of 2,4-D for induction of somatic embryos. Plant material was collected during the embryo development season, from June to September. Immature embryos proved to be the most reactive initial explant. Callus and somatic embryos developed a few weeks after the beginning of the 2,4-D treatment. For embryo development experiments, different growth regulators and cold and desiccation treatments were tested. Cold storage of somatic embryos matured in vitro at 5°C was the best treatment for breaking dormancy.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bueno, A. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manzanera, M. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primeros ensayos de inducción de embriones somáticos de Quercus suber L.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientia gerundensis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tissue culture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetative propagation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29 - 37</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Susceptibility of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) embryos, endosperm and ovules to somatic embryogenesis induction has been studied. 2,4-D at different concentrations was tested. Samples were collected every two weeks, dong the fruit development period, from June till September. The embryos formed callus, from which globular and heart and torpedo-shaped structures and somatic embryos at different developing degrees were obtained.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAÂTAOUI, M E L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espagnac, H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MICHAUX-FERRIÈRE, N</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Histology of Callogenesis and Somatic Embryogenesis Induced in Stem Fragments of Cork Oak (Quercus suber) Cultured In Vitro</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">callogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork-oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">embryogenic cells</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">histology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">starch</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">183-190</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calluses able to produce somatic embryos were formed during in vitro culture of shoot fragments of cork oak (Quercus suber L.).Histological monitoring of these fragments during culture showed that it was the cortical parenchyma cells which underwent dedifferentiation before calluses were formed by repeated divisions. The calluses consisted of parenchyma cells surrounded by a few layers of meristematic cells. Proembryos formed in groups around the edge of some calluses. Histological examination showed that they were produced by the evolution of two different categories of cell: one category had the appearance of ‘embryogenic’ cells with very thick walls, a small vacuole rich in starch and a well-developed nucleus with a prominent nucleolus. The other cells were very bulky with large vacuoles; their morphology was similar to that of suspensor cells encountered in embryogenesis in gymnosperms. The ontogenic stages were similar to those described in zygotic embryos of the genus Quercus. Nevertheless, most of the embryonic structures deviated from normal development and at all stages produced secondary proembryos.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TORIBIO, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CELESTINO, C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cultivo in vitro del alcornoque</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientia gerundensis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork-oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micropropagation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tissue culture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11-21</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetative plant propagation is mainly used in the operational line of Forest Tree Improvement Programs to capture all the genetic potential, including the non-additive component of the genetic variance. In the case of genus Quercus, it could be also used to avoid the problems derived from installation and yielding of seed orchards. The tissue culture based micropropagation arises as an alternative technique to solve the problems of space and time associated with the classical techniques of asexual propagation. This article reviews the work done with cork-oak in this field. Up to date there are few papers dealing with in vitro culture of Quercus suher L. Embryo culture has been tryed to determine the minimum requeriments of the species and its morphogenic potential. Plantlet regeneration has been obtained following axillary budding on nodal segments from juvenile and rejuvenated tissues, elongation and rooting of microcuttings. Main problems arise on transplanting soil the neoformed plants. Callus culture has been achieved from cotyledons and epicotyl segments from young seedlings. In booth cases also somatic embryogenesis has been reported. This fact opens a new way for micropropagating cork-oak, which is discussed.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>