<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gratani, Loretta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ghia, Emanuela</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adaptive strategy at the leaf level of Arbutus unedo L. to cope with Mediterranean climate</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gas exchange</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf area</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf inclination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf lamina thickness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf-life span</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sclerophylly</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0367253004700274</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">197</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">275 - 284</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The adaptive strategy of Arbutus unedo L. under Mediterranean climate seemed to be due to the high leaf area (LA = 11.1 ± 0.1 cm2 ) increasing the potential capacity of light interception, the high leaf lamina thickness (L = 395 ± 10 µm) increasing the potential capacity for gas exchange, and the steeper leaf inclination at midday (α up to 63.9 ± 0.3°) determining 48% of reduction of incident radiation on a sloping leaf surface (RI), which could be a prevention mechanism against the potential photoinhibition of water-stressed leaves during drought. Nevertheless, during the drought period the photosynthetic activity and the water use efficiency (WUE) of A. unedo were strongly reduced (≥ than 50% of the maximum). Principal component analysis (PCA) underlined the higher similarity of A. unedo and Quercus ilex L. from a physiological point of view (photosynthetic rates PN , transpiration rates E, stomatal conductance gs , sub-stomatal CO2 concentration Ci ) and for leaf inclination, and with Cistus incanus L. from a phenological (leaf-life span) and structural point of view (specific leaf area SLA and leaf tissue density LTD), for leaf temperature (Tl ) and for leaf water status (leaf water potential at midday Ψmin and relative water content RWC). Therefore A. unedo might be considered in the borderline between drought semi-deciduous species and evergreen sclerophyllous species.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gratani, Loretta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ghia, Emanuela</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adaptive strategy at the leaf level of Arbutus unedo L. to cope with Mediterranean climate</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gas exchange</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf area</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf inclination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf lamina thickness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf-life span</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sclerophylly</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">197</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">275-284</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The adaptive strategy of Arbutus unedo L. under Mediterranean climate seemed to be due to the high leaf area (LA = 11.1 ± 0.1 cm2 ) increasing the potential capacity of light interception, the high leaf lamina thickness (L = 395 ± 10 µm) increasing the potential capacity for gas exchange, and the steeper leaf inclination at midday (α up to 63.9 ± 0.3°) determining 48% of reduction of incident radiation on a sloping leaf surface (RI), which could be a prevention mechanism against the potential photoinhibition of water-stressed leaves during drought. Nevertheless, during the drought period the photosynthetic activity and the water use efficiency (WUE) of A. unedo were strongly reduced (≥ than 50% of the maximum). Principal component analysis (PCA) underlined the higher similarity of A. unedo and Quercus ilex L. from a physiological point of view (photosynthetic rates PN , transpiration rates E, stomatal conductance gs , sub-stomatal CO2 concentration Ci ) and for leaf inclination, and with Cistus incanus L. from a phenological (leaf-life span) and structural point of view (specific leaf area SLA and leaf tissue density LTD), for leaf temperature (Tl ) and for leaf water status (leaf water potential at midday Ψmin and relative water content RWC). Therefore A. unedo might be considered in the borderline between drought semi-deciduous species and evergreen sclerophyllous species.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gratani, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bombelli, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf anatomy, inclination, and gas exchange relationships in evergreen sclerophyllous and drought semideciduous shrub species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHOTOSYNTHETICA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cistus incanus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf inclination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf life-span</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf mass/area ratio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf thickness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">net photosynthetic rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phillyrea latifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transpiration rate</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NA KARLOVCE 1A, PRAGUE 6 CS-160 00, CZECH REPUBLIC</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">573-585</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There are significant differences in leaf life-span among evergreen sclerophyllous species and drought semideciduous species growing in the Mediterranean maquis. Cistus incanus, which has a leaf life-span of four-eight months, was characterised by the highest net photosynthetic rates (PN). while Quercus ilex and Phillyrea latifolia, which maintain their leaves two-three and two-four years, respectively, had a lower PN- The longer leaf life-span of the two evergreen sclerophyllous species may be justified to cover the high production costs of leaf protective structures such as cuticle, hairs, and sclereids: cuticle and hairs screen radiation penetrating into the more sensitive tissues, and sclereids have a light-guiding function. Q. ilex and P. latifolia have the highest leaf mass/area ratio (LMA = 209 g m(-2)) and a mesophyll leaf density (2065 cells per mm(2) of leaf cross section area) about two times higher than C. incanus. In the typical evergreen sclerophyllous species the steepest leaf inclination (alpha = 56 degrees) reduces 42% of radiation absorption, resulting in a reduced physiological stress at leaf level, particularly in summer. C. incanus, because of its low leaf life-span, requires a lower leaf investment in leaf protective structures. It exhibits a drastic reduction of winter leaves just before summer drought, replacing them with smaller folded leaves. The lower leaf inclination (alpha = 44 degrees) and the lower LMA (119 g m(-2)) of C. incanus complement photosynthetic performance. Water use efficiency (WUE) showed the same trend in Q. ilex, P. latifolia, and C. incanus, decreasing 60% from spring to summer, due to the combined effects of decreased CO2 uptake and increased transpirational water loss.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>