<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boada, Martí</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A global change-induced biome shift in the Montseny mountains (NE Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Change Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">altitudinal shift</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biome replacement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calluna heathland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defoliation status</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagus sylvatica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montseny mountains</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recruitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">temperate forest</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00566.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">131 - 140</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shifts in plant species and biome distribution in response to warming have been described in past climate changes. However, reported evidence of such shifts under current climate change is still scarce. By comparing current and 1945 vegetation distribution in the Montseny mountains (Catalonia, NE Spain), we report here a progressive replacement of cold-temperate ecosystems by Mediterranean ecosystems. Beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest has shifted altitudinally upwards by ca. 70 m at the highest altitudes (1600–1700 m). Both the beech forests and the heather (Calluna vulgaris) heathlands are being replaced by holm oak (Quercus ilex) forest at medium altitudes (800–1400 m). This beech replacement has been observed to occur through a progressive isolation and degradation of beech stands. In ‘isolated’ (small and surrounded by holm oaks) beech stands, beech trees are 30% more defoliated, beech recruitment is 41% lower, and holm oak recruitment is three times higher than in ‘continental’ (large and continuous) beech stands. The progressively warmer conditions, complemented by the land use changes (mainly the cessation of traditional land management) are the apparent causes, providing a paradigmatic example of global change affecting distributions of plant species and biomes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Science, Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bussotti, Filippo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borghini, Francesca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Celesti, Carlo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leonzio, Claudio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bruschi, Piero</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf morphology and macronutrients in broadleaved trees in central Italy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagus sylvatica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">macronutrients</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus cerris</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sclerophylly</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s004680000056</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">361 - 368</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">As part of an intensive monitoring programme (MON.I.TO, Intensive Monitoring of Forests in Tuscany), a 3-year survey was carried out, which included three tree species (beech, Fagus sylvatica L.; Turkey oak, Quercus cerris L.; holm-oak, Quercus ilex L.) located at six different sites. Leaves were sampled annually and analysed for nutrient concentrations (nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, potassium and sodium) and morphological parameters (leaf area, dry weight, leaf mass per area, leaf thickness and leaf density). Results indicated considerable interannual variation of all the parameters. Differences between sampling sites indicated that, of all parameters measured, leaf mass per area could explain best the differences in field performance under conditions of stress. In fact, leaf mass per area was greater in the drier sites or when sea salt deposition occurred. Nevertheless, the variation of leaf mass per area over the 3 years did not reflect the differences in rainfall. Higher leaf mass per area was accompanied by lower concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen, which could be a dilution effect due to an increase of structural carbon compounds in sclerophyllous leaves, as revealed by the total foliar content of these elements. Leaf mass per area as a measure of sclerophylly reached very high values among mesophile vegetation. Long-range transport of sea salt from coastal areas to mountain areas was mirrored in sodium concentrations of leaves.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grossoni, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bussotti, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tani, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gravano, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morpho-anatomical aterations in leaves of Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus ilex L. in different environmental stress condition</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemosphere</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagus sylvatica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">foliar structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">xeric conditions (voyant)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653597101485</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">919 - 924</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">By means of anatomical and foliar structure observations, this paper examines the ecological behaviour of two different species of broadleaf (a mesophile one, beech, and a xerophile one, holm-oak), under different conditions of water supply. The purpose of this study was to evaluate their response in relation to possible climate changes. The results highlight certain similarities of behaviour (reduction of leaf surface, increased leaf thickness, increase of mechanical structures in xeric stands). The main difference between the two species lies in the tannins content, which increase in the epidermal cells (vacuoles and walls) only in beech trees in xeric conditions</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record></records></xml>