<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinho, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dias, Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cruz, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sim Tang, Y</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sutton, Mark A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martins-Loução, Maria-Amélia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Máguas, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branquinho, Cristina</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Using lichen functional diversity to assess the effects of atmospheric ammonia in Mediterranean woodlands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Applied Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">atmospheric NH3</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biodiversity loss</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cattle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological indicators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1107-1116</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1. Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) is one of the main drivers for ecosystem changes world-wide, including biodiversity loss. Modelling its deposition to evaluate its impact on ecosystems has been the focus of many studies. For that, universal indicators are needed to determine and compare the early effects of NH3 across ecosystems. 2. We evaluate the effects of atmospheric NH3 in ecosystems using lichens, which are one of the most sensitive communities at the ecosystem level. Rather than measuring total diversity, we use a functional diversity approach because this is potentially a more universal tool. 3. We evaluated the spatial and temporal patterns of atmospheric NH3 concentrations ([NH3]atm) emitted from a point-source over a 1-year period in a cork oak Mediterranean woodland. We observed a temporal pattern of [NH3]atm, with maximum concentrations during autumn. 4. The distribution of lichen species was c. 90% explained by [NH3]atm. The tolerance of lichen species to atmospheric NH3, based on expert knowledge from literature, was tested for the first time against direct measurements of atmospheric NH3. Most species were well classified, with the exception of Lecanora albella and Chrysothrix candelaris, which were more tolerant than expected. Our updated lichen classification can be used to establish lichen functional groups that respond to atmospheric NH3, and these can be used in other Mediterranean countries. 5. Increasing [NH3]atm led to a complete replacement of oligotrophic by nitrophytic species within 65 m of the NH3 source. The geostatistical analysis of functional diversity variables yielded a spatial model with low non-spatial variance, indicating that these variables can cope robustly with high spatial variation in NH3. 6. Synthesis and applications. Our results support the use of functional diversity variables, such as a lichen diversity value, as accurate and robust indicators of the effects of atmospheric NH3 on ecosystems. The spatial modelling of these indicators can provide information with high spatial resolution about the effects of atmospheric NH3 around point- and diffuse sources. As this methodology is based on functional groups, it can be applied to monitor both the impact of atmospheric NH3 and the success of mitigation strategies.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hernando, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tejera, Rosario</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Velazquez, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Núñez, María Victoria</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quantitatively defining the conservation status of Natura 2000 forest habitats and improving management options for enhancing biodiversity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adaptive management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asexual regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cattle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coppice forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean biogeographic region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus pyrenaica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stand</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10531-010-9835-8http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10531-010-9835-8</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2221 - 2233</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The main goal of Natura 2000 network is to guarantee the favourable conservation status of habitats and species ensuring European biodiversity. As a result, certain forest areas have been included in this network listed as 9230-Quercus pyrenaica habitat and 9340-Quercus ilex subsp. rotundifolia forest habitat. These areas were previously used for ﬁrewood extraction or livestock grazing and browsing. Nowadays these habitats are coppice forests with asexual regeneration, which is far from the desired conservation status. Traditional timber harvesting plans do not take account of the new objectives required for these Natura sites, which attempt to ensure biodiversity and recreational uses instead of simply focusing on timber production. This paper proposes a ﬂexible methodology (applied to the study area ‘‘Dehesa Boyal’’ in A´ vila, Spain) for managing Natura 2000 forest sites by stands for sustainable forest management and the new requirements. The methodology has two phases. The ﬁrst, ‘‘Division of the forest area into stands’’, deﬁnes homogeneous patches of vegetation distinct in species composition, physiognomic structure and future management. The second, ‘‘Conservation status assessment of stands’’, quantiﬁes the conservation status of each previously classiﬁed stand considering a series of factors such as: functional health, restoration, ﬂoral richness and structure. A total value integrating the conservation status of stands is then calculated for the habitat. Both phases use Geographic Information System tools for managing information and visualizing results. The proposed methodology provides forest managers with a good knowledge of the territory and subsequently enables them to take appropriate conservation measures to maintain biodiversity.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hracherrass, Ahmed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berkat, Omar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Montard, Francois-Xavier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implications of sheep and cattle Teline linifolia bush ingestion behaviour for managing the Maamora cork tree forest (Morocco)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAHIERS AGRICULTURES</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cattle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">feeding preferences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morocco</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheep</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvopastoral systems</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The cork tree forest of Maamora near Rabat (Maroc) has suffered deep and increasing grazing pressure for 100 years. Dense understorey stands of Teline linifolia, a native, nitrogen fixing and vigorous legume shrub, would contribute to forest regeneration provided that it be proven to be a resource for sheep and cattle grazing. Autumn is a period with lower resources of grass and with no nitrogen fixing shrubs. In situ monthly measurements of sheep and cattle ingestion rates show a significant contribution of T. linifolia in both sheep (up to 24%) and cattle (up to 12%) total ingestion rates in autumn, due to its peculiar phenology along with the inadequacy of grass and other shrub resources at this time. The opportunity of planting Teline shrubs in the process of cork tree forest regeneration along with multi-purpose uses is described and discussed.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henkin, Z</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gutman, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aharon, Hava</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perevolotsky, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ungar, E D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seligman, N G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suitability of Mediterranean oak woodland for beef herd husbandry</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture, Ecosystems &amp; Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">animal performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cattle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">farming system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">feed supplementation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quercus calliprinos</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">255-261</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Traditionally, the evergreen Mediterranean woodland dominated by dense Kermes oak thickets has been grazed mainly by multi-species herds dominated by goats. With the continuing decline of goat husbandry, commercial beef husbandry in such woodland was considered as a possible alternative. A case study to determine the feasibility of this option was conducted over a period of 20 years on oak woodland in the Galilee region in Israel. The woodland was initially thinned manually to enable better access for cattle. For the first 11 years (1982–1992), the study site was grazed by a beef herd managed by a nearby communal settlement (Hatal1); it was consequently subject to the advantages and limitations of integration into a larger beef ranching operation and a complex socio-economic organization. During the following 10 years, the range was grazed by a beef herd belonging to a family in a nearby village (Hatal2) and subject to the accompanying limited manpower and economic constraints of a family farm. During both periods, one paddock was grazed at a heavier stocking rate than the other. Under heavy grazing (175–206 cow grazing days ha-1 yr-1), the basal regrowth of the oaks was closely cropped and the vegetation was maintained as predominantly open woodland. In the paddock that was grazed more moderately (122–148 cow grazing days ha-1 yr-1), the vegetation tended to return to dense thicket. It was concluded that after initial thinning, the relatively dense Mediterranean oak woodland sustained a viable beef herd with moderate supplementation, especially when grazing pressure was maintained at a relatively high level. In addition, the open woodland contributed to landscape diversity and increased the amenity value of the area for hiking and recreation.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miguel, J M D E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodriguez, M A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sal, A Gdmez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecologia, Departamento De</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biologia, Facultad De</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SELECCION DE HABITAT Y DISTRIBUCION TERRITORIAL DE UN GRUPO DE VACAS EN AMBIENTE DE DEHESA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Options Méditerranéennes</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&quot;dehesa&quot; pastureland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cattle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitat preferences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">territorial behaviour</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">299-303</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From a sampling based on'.systematic routes, the territorial distributioofn a herd of about 400 cows ona 3000 Ha &quot;dehesa&quot; is analysed. The animals' preference and aggregationd egree as regardsh omogeneous territorial areas, detected according to vegetation, geomorphology and land use, are studied.The presence of cows was discovered in only 51% of thes ampled units and clear asymmetries were found between them (80% for environments with large isolated trees and 18% in shrubby and rockrose thickets areas). Animal dispersion is analysed in the different seasons and according to the influence of forage supply.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>