<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruiz-Peinado, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juarez, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roig, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The contribution of two common shrub species to aboveground and belowground carbon stock in Iberian dehesas</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Arid Environments</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agro-silvo-pastoral system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon balance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cistus ladanifer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">retama sphaerocarpa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Root:shoot ratio</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">91</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22-30</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrubs play an important role in water-limited agro-silvo-pastoral systems by providing shelter and forage for livestock, for erosion control, to maintain biodiversity, diversifying the landscape, and above all, facilitating the regeneration of trees. Furthermore, the carbon sink capacity of shrubs could also help to mitigate the effects of climate change since they constitute a high proportion of total plant biomass. The contribution of two common extensive native shrub species (Cistus ladanifer L. and Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss.) to the carbon pool of Iberian dehesas (Mediterranean agro-silvo-pastoral systems) is analyzed through biomass models developed at both individual (biovolume depending) and community level (height and cover depending). The total amount of carbon stored in these shrubs, including above- and belowground biomass, ranges from 1.8 to 11.2 Mg C ha 1 (mean 6.8 Mg C ha 1 ) for communities of C. ladanifer and from 2.6 to 8.6 Mg C ha 1 (mean 4.5 Mg C ha 1 ) for R. sphaerocarpa. These quantities account for over 20e30% of the total plant biomass in the system. The potential for carbon sequestration of these shrubs in the studied system ranges 0.10e1.32 Mg C ha 1 year 1 and 0.25e1.25 Mg C ha 1 year 1 for the C. ladanifer and R. sphaerocarpa communities’ respectively</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jarvis, Paul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rey, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petsikos, Charalampos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wingate, Lisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rayment, Mark</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, João</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Banza, João</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David, Jorge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miglietta, Franco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borghetti, Marco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manca, Giovanni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valentini, Riccardo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drying and wetting of Mediterranean soils stimulates decomposition and carbon dioxide emission: the “Birch effect”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon balance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon mineralization rates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rain pulse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil rewetting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">summer rainfall events</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/7/929.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">929 - 940</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Observations on the net carbon exchange of forests in the European Mediterranean region, measured recently by the eddy covariance method, have revived interest in a phenomenon first characterized on agricultural and forest soils in East Africa in the 1950s and 1960s by H. F. Birch and now often referred to as the “Birch effect.” When soils become dry during summer because of lack of rain, as is common in regions with Mediterranean climate, or are dried in the laboratory in controlled conditions, and are then rewetted by precipitation or irrigation, there is a burst of decomposition, mineralization and release of inorganic nitrogen and CO2. In forests in Mediterranean climates in southern Europe, this effect has been observed with eddy covariance techniques and soil respiration chambers at the stand and small plot scales, respectively. Following the early work of Birch, laboratory incubations of soils at controlled temperatures and water contents have been used to characterize CO2 release following the rewetting of dry soils. A simple empirical model based on laboratory incubations demonstrates that the amount of carbon mineralized over one year can be predicted from soil temperature and precipitation regime, provided that carbon lost as CO2 is taken into account. We show that the amount of carbon returned to the atmosphere following soil rewetting can reduce significantly the annual net carbon gain by Mediterranean forests.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/27.7.92910.1093/treephys/27.7.929</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jarvis, Paul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rey, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petsikos, Charalampos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wingate, Lisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rayment, Mark</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, João</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Banza, João</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David, Jorge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miglietta, Franco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borghetti, Marco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manca, Giovanni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valentini, Riccardo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drying and wetting of Mediterranean soils stimulates decomposition and carbon dioxide emission: the “Birch effect”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon balance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon mineralization rates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rain pulse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil rewetting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">summer rainfall events</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">929-940</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Observations on the net carbon exchange of forests in the European Mediterranean region, measured recently by the eddy covariance method, have revived interest in a phenomenon first characterized on agricultural and forest soils in East Africa in the 1950s and 1960s by H. F. Birch and now often referred to as the “Birch effect.” When soils become dry during summer because of lack of rain, as is common in regions with Mediterranean climate, or are dried in the laboratory in controlled conditions, and are then rewetted by precipitation or irrigation, there is a burst of decomposition, mineralization and release of inorganic nitrogen and CO2. In forests in Mediterranean climates in southern Europe, this effect has been observed with eddy covariance techniques and soil respiration chambers at the stand and small plot scales, respectively. Following the early work of Birch, laboratory incubations of soils at controlled temperatures and water contents have been used to characterize CO2 release following the rewetting of dry soils. A simple empirical model based on laboratory incubations demonstrates that the amount of carbon mineralized over one year can be predicted from soil temperature and precipitation regime, provided that carbon lost as CO2 is taken into account. We show that the amount of carbon returned to the atmosphere following soil rewetting can reduce significantly the annual net carbon gain by Mediterranean forests.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/27.7.929 </style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/27.7.929 </style></research-notes></record></records></xml>