<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karioti, Anastasia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tooulakou, Georgia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bilia, Anna Rita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psaras, George K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karabourniotis, George</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skaltsa, Helen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erinea formation on Quercus ilex leaves: anatomical, physiological and chemical responses of leaf trichomes against mite attack.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf trichomes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mites</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21131012</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">230 - 237</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structures on the surfaces of leaves, such as dense layers of non-glandular trichomes, strongly affect phylloplane mite activities. On the other hand the feeding of eriophyoid mites on leaf surfaces can cause hyperplasia of leaf trichomes (erinea formation). In many cases the hyperplasia is accompanied by the accumulation of pigments within trichome cells, causing an impressive red-brown colouration of the erineum. There is no information, however, on the structure of these pigments as well as on the chemical alterations in the phenolic content of plant trichomes in response to mite attack. Erinea formation on the abaxial surface of Quercus ilex leaves upon Aceria ilicis (Acari: Eriophyoidea) attack provides an excellent model on this topic. Differences in the structure and chemical composition of isolated trichomes derived either from healthy (normal trichomes) or mite attacked (hypertrophic trichomes) leaves were examined. Carbon investment was comparable between the two different trichome types, but the cell walls of the hypertrophic trichomes appeared thinner and did not contain microcrystalline cellulose. Observations under the fluorescence microscope showed that the emitted fluorescence was different between the two trichome types, indicating a different composition in fluorescencing phenolic compounds. The chemical analyses confirmed that hypertrophic trichomes contained higher concentrations of the feeding deterrents proanthocyanidin B3 and catechin, as well as of quercetin-3-O-glucoside, but lower concentrations of acylated flavonoid glycosides, than the normal ones. The results showed that the structural and functional changes in leaf trichomes upon mite attack may be an effort of the leaf to compensate the damage caused by the pest.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Ltd&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 21131012</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karioti, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tooulakou, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karabourniotis, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bilia, A R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skaltsa, H</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenolic variations in mite infected leaves of Quercus ilex L. (Fagaceae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLANTA MEDICA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf trichomes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mites</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1098</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structures on the surfaces of leaves, such as dense layers of non-glandular trichomes, strongly affect phylloplane mite activities. On the other hand the feeding of eriophyoid mites on leaf surfaces can cause hyperplasia of leaf trichomes (erinea formation). In many cases the hyperplasia is accompanied by the accumulation of pigments within trichome cells, causing an impressive red-brown colouration of the eri- neum. There is no information, however, on the structure of these pigments as well as on the chemical alterations in the phenolic content of plant trichomes in response to mite attack. Erinea formation on the abaxial surface of Quercus ilex leaves upon Aceria ilicis (Acari: Eriophyoidea) attack provides an excel- lent model on this topic. Differences in the structure and chemical composition of isolated trichomes derived either from healthy (normal trichomes) or mite attacked (hypertrophic trichomes) leaves were examined. Carbon investment was comparable between the two different trichome types, but the cell walls of the hypertrophic trichomes appeared thinner and did not contain microcrystalline cellulose. Observations under the fluorescence microscope showed that the emitted fluorescence was different between the two trichome types, indicating a different composition in fluorescencing phenolic com- pounds. The chemical analyses confirmed that hypertrophic trichomes contained higher concentrations of the feeding deterrents proanthocyanidin B3 and catechin, as well as of quercetin-3-O-glucoside, but lower concentrations of acylated flavonoid glycosides, than the normal ones. The results showed that the structural and functional changes in leaf trichomes upon mite attack may be an effort of the leaf to compensate the damage caused by the pest</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karabourniotis, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kofidis, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fasseas, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liakoura, V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drossopoulos, I</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polyphenol deposition in leaf hairs of Olea europaea (Oleaceae) and Quercus ilex (Fagaceae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cell walls</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf hairs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olea europaea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ultraviolet-B radiation damage</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1007-1012</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The subcellular localization (cytoplasm, vacuoles, cell walls) of polyphenol compounds during the development of the multicellular nonglandular leaf hairs of Olea europaea (scales) and Quercus ilex (stellates), was investigated. Hairs of all developmental stages were treated with specific inducers of polyphenol fluorescence, and the bright yellow-green fluorescence of individual hairs was monitored with epifluorescence microscopy. During the early ontogenetic stages, bright fluorescence was emitted from the cytoplasm of the cells composing tie multicellular shield of the scales of O. europaea. Transmission electron micrographs of the same stages showed that these cells possessed poor vacuolation and thin cell walls. The nucleus of these cells may be protected against ultraviolet-B radiation damage. The progressive vacuolation that occurred during maturation was followed by a shifting of the bright green-yellow fluorescence from the perinuclear region and the cytoplasm to the cell walls. The same trends were observed during the development of the nonglandular stellate hairs of Quercus ilex, in which maturation was also accompanied by a considerable secondary thickening of the cell walls. Despite the differences in morphology, high concentrations of polyphenol compounds are initially located mainly in the cytoplasm of the developing nonglandular hairs, and their deposition on the cell walls rakes place during the secondary cell wall thickening. These structural changes during the development of the leaf hairs make them a very effective barrier against abiotic (UV-B radiation) and probably biotic (pathogenic) stresses.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García Vallejo, M C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conde, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cadahía, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DeSimon, B F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suberin composition of reproduction cork from Quercus suber</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HOLZFORSCHUNG</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epoxy acids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fatty alcohols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fatty and hydrixy-fatty acids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gas chromatography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gas chromatography/mass spectrometry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WALTER DE GRUYTER &amp; CO</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">219-224</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The monomeric composition of suberins from Spanish Quercus suber was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the product of depolymerization of free extractives cork with sodium methoxide-methanol. 1-Alkanols (C-20-C-26)(1.8-6.4%), alkanoic acids (C-20-C-24)(2.2-8.1%), alpha,omega-alkanedioic acids (C-16-C-24)(6.1-10.2%) and omega-hydroxy-alkanoic acids (C-20-C-26, being C-22 and C-24 the most abundant)(28.7-37.3%) are identified. The erythro- and threo-9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanedioic (5.4-7.5%), erythro- and threo-9,10,18-trihydroxyoctadecanoic (7.6-11.8%), 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecanoic (1.2-3.1%) and 9,10-epoxy-octadecanodioic acids (1.0-4.4%) and the unsaturated 18-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic (8.1-11.5%) and 9-octadecenedioic (1.5-2.4%) acids are also important components. Ferulic acid (5.3-9.1%) is the main phenolic component of suberin. The studied samples differ in the relative proportion of the different monomers.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liakoura, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stefanou, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manetas, Y.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trichome density and its UV-B protective potential are affected by shading and leaf position on the canopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental and Experimental Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf hairs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olea europaea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus coccifera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">uv-b radiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">verbascum speciosum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098847297000051</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">223 - 229</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Olea europaea trichome density and UV-B absorbing compounds of leaf hairs and the lamina proper of leaves located in south-facing, north-facing and the internal of the canopy were positively correlated to the UV-B midday instant irradiance measured in September at these three different positions of the canopy. The correlation between these three parameters and the receiving photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), however, was weaker. In Quercus ilex, trichome density and its UV-B absorbing capacity were considerably higher in the exposed, south-facing leaves, compared to the deeply shaded ones; the UV-B absorbing capacity of the de-haired lamina, however, was the same. In the broad- leaved, alpine rosette of Verbascum speciosum, one could distinguish two areas on the leaves, one exposed and one shaded by the superimposed lamina. Although trichome density and the UV-B absorbing compounds of the de-haired leaf were the same in the two areas, the UV-B absorbing capacity of hairs was considerably increased in the exposed region. In V. speciosum, exposure induced also qualitative changes in the UV-B absorbance profile, apparently due to the formation of new flavonoid compounds absorbing maximally at 345-350 nm. In all other cases, the differences were mainly quantitative. The results support the postulate of a function of leaf hairs as a UV-B radiation screen and suggest that trichome density and/or its UV-B absorbing capacity may depend on irradiance during leaf development.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liakoura, V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stefanou, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manetas, Y</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trichome density and its UV-B protective potential are affected by shading and leaf position on the canopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental and Experimental Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf hairs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olea europaea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus coccifera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">uv-b radiation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">verbascum speciosum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">223-229</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Olea europaea trichome density and UV-B absorbing compounds of leaf hairs and the lamina proper of leaves located in south-facing, north-facing and the internal of the canopy were positively correlated to the UV-B midday instant irradiance measured in September at these three different positions of the canopy. The correlation between these three parameters and the receiving photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), however, was weaker. In Quercus ilex, trichome density and its UV-B absorbing capacity were considerably higher in the exposed, south-facing leaves, compared to the deeply shaded ones; the UV-B absorbing capacity of the de-haired lamina, however, was the same. In the broad- leaved, alpine rosette of Verbascum speciosum, one could distinguish two areas on the leaves, one exposed and one shaded by the superimposed lamina. Although trichome density and the UV-B absorbing compounds of the de-haired leaf were the same in the two areas, the UV-B absorbing capacity of hairs was considerably increased in the exposed region. In V. speciosum, exposure induced also qualitative changes in the UV-B absorbance profile, apparently due to the formation of new flavonoid compounds absorbing maximally at 345-350 nm. In all other cases, the differences were mainly quantitative. The results support the postulate of a function of leaf hairs as a UV-B radiation screen and suggest that trichome density and/or its UV-B absorbing capacity may depend on irradiance during leaf development.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karabourniotis, George</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fasseas, Costas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The dense indumentum with its polyphenol content may replace the protective role of the epidermis in some young xeromorphic leaves</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf hairs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olea europaea L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UV-B radiation damage</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NRC Research Press</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">347-351</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The bright, yellow-green, ammonia-induced fluorescence of polyphenol compounds contained in the nonglandular hairs and within the epidermis of Olea europaea and Quercus ilex leaves was age dependent. Epifluorescence microscopic examination of transverse sections of leaves from both species showed that abaxial and adaxial epidermal layers emitted the characteristic green-yellow bright fluorescence only in late developmental stages, when a considerable decrease of the trichome density had already occurred. At earlier developmental stages, only the dense and thick trichome layer emitted the bright green-yellow fluorescence. In addition, the trichomes of young leaves of Olea and Quercus resembled the glandular ones of other species morphologically and possibly functionally. These findings suggest that the protective role of the trichome against ultraviolet-B radiation damage and (or) other environmental factors is particularly significant during the early stages of leaf development and may be less important at later stages, when the protective role is taken over by the epidermis. Keywords: leaf hairs, phenolics, UV-B radiation damage, leaf development, Olea europaea L., Quercus ilex L.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1139/b96-043</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1139/b96-043</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karabourniotis, George</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fasseas, Costas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The dense indumentum with its polyphenol content may replace the protective role of the epidermis in some young xeromorphic leaves</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf hairs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olea europaea L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UV-B radiation damage</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-043</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">347 - 351</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The bright, yellow-green, ammonia-induced fluorescence of polyphenol compounds contained in the nonglandular hairs and within the epidermis of Olea europaea and Quercus ilex leaves was age dependent. Epifluorescence microscopic examination of transverse sections of leaves from both species showed that abaxial and adaxial epidermal layers emitted the characteristic green-yellow bright fluorescence only in late developmental stages, when a considerable decrease of the trichome density had already occurred. At earlier developmental stages, only the dense and thick trichome layer emitted the bright green-yellow fluorescence. In addition, the trichomes of young leaves of Olea and Quercus resembled the glandular ones of other species morphologically and possibly functionally. These findings suggest that the protective role of the trichome against ultraviolet-B radiation damage and (or) other environmental factors is particularly significant during the early stages of leaf development and may be less important at later stages, when the protective role is taken over by the epidermis. Keywords: leaf hairs, phenolics, UV-B radiation damage, leaf development, Olea europaea L., Quercus ilex L.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1139/b96-043doi: 10.1139/b96-043The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: NRC Research Press</style></notes></record></records></xml>