<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campos, Isidro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villodre, Julio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrara, Arnaud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calera, Alfonso</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remote sensing-based soil water balance to estimate mediterranean holm oak savanna (dehesa) evapotranspiration under water stress conditions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Hydrology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dual crop coefficient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evapotranspiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean holm oak savanna</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODIS NDVI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Submitted</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169413003272</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract This paper aims to present the use of a remote sensing-based soil water balance to estimate holm oak woodland evapotranspiration (ET). The model is based on the assimilation of MODIS reflectance-based vegetation indices in the dual crop coefficient methodology. A daily water balance was performed on the root zone soil to estimate plant water stress. The methodology was evaluated with respect to the actual ET measured by eddy covariance in Mediterranean holm oak savanna (dehesa) for five consecutive years (2004 to 2008). The model adequately reproduced the absolute values and tendencies measured at daily and weekly periods. Root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.50 mm/day for daily values and 2.70 mm/week for weekly accumulated values. The analysis demonstrated the presence of a long period of water stress during the summer and at the beginning of fall. Measured ET dropped during these periods, and the model replicated this tendency accurately, reaching a stress coefficient value close to 0.2. To be operative, the proposed method required low ground data (reference evapotranspiration and precipitation) and the results indicated a simple, robust method that can be used to map ET and water stress in the dehesa ecosystem.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, a.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maselli, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiesi, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genesio, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaccari, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seufert, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gilabert, M.a. A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monitoring water stress in Mediterranean semi-natural vegetation with satellite and meteorological data</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light use efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Satellite data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semi-natural vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier B.V.</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">246-255</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In arid and semi-arid environments, the characterization of the inter-annual variations of the light use efficiency ε due to water stress still relies mostly on meteorological data. Thus the GPP estimation based on procedures exclusively driven by remote sensing data has not found yet a widespread use. In this work, the potential to characterize the water stress in semi-natural vegetation of three spectral indices (NDWI, SIWSI and NDI7) – from MODIS broad spectral bands – has been analyzed in comparison to a meteorological factor (Cws). The study comprises 70 sites (belonging to 7 different ecosystems) uniformly distributed over Tuscany, and three eddy covariance tower sites. An operational methodology, which combines meteorological and MODIS data, to characterize the inter-annual variations of ε due to summer water stress is proposed. Its main advantage is that it relies on existing series of meteorological data characterizing each site and allows calculating a typical Cws profile that can be “updated” (C∗ ws) for the actual conditions using MODIS spectral indices. The results confirm that the modified C∗ ws can be used as a proxy of water stress that does not require concurrent information on meteorological data</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez-Giráldez, Pedro J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aguilar, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polo, María José</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural vegetation covers as indicators of the soil water content in a semiarid mountainous watershed</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Indicators</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrological modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landsat-TM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NDVI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil moisture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WiMMed</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">524-535</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper investigates the use of the vegetative state of natural covers as an indicator of soil moisture conditions at the end of the dry season in order to evaluate the cumulative effect of the hydrological regime. To achieve this, the three major vegetation covers in a mountainous semiarid environment in southern Spain were selected. Temporal and spatial trends of NDVI from Landsat-TM images were computed and related to the different hydrological patterns of variables in the study site, which were obtained with the hydrological WiMMed model. The heterogeneity in the hydrological behavior during the study period (914.5mm of annual rainfall in the wettest year (2009–2010) and 284.4mm in the driest year (2004–2005)) was reflected in the annual differences in NDVI values with steady mean NDVI values in coniferous vegetation (0.5–0.6) and more variable values in scrub cover. Both Correlation Analysis and Principal Component Analysis showed correlations among the different states of the vegetation cover, the variables involved in the soil water balance and those related to the snow dynamics of the antecedent year. Exponential fits were obtained between the mean annual soil water content and NDVI values with Pearson r2 coefficients of over 0.7 in scrub cover. In certain years, the best fits were also found in scrub cover with r2 values of up to 0.9. These results demonstrate the relationship between soil water content, the vigor of the natural vegetation and the hydrological characteristics of the antecedent year. The expressions obtained may serve to adjust the soil water content at the beginning of a hydrological year and to use the scrub cover as an indicator of the soil water balance in the area for a given year.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catoni, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Varone, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gratani, L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variations in leaf respiration across different seasons for Mediterranean evergreen species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHOTOSYNTHETICA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf respiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean evergreen species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">295-304</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf respiration (R (L)) of evergreen species co-occurring in the Mediterranean maquis developing along the Latium coast was analyzed. The results on the whole showed that the considered evergreen species had the same R (L) trend during the year, with the lowest rates \{[\}0.83 +/- 0.43 mu mol(CO2) m(-2) s(-1), mean value of the considered species] in winter, in response to low air temperatures. Higher R (L) were reached in spring \{[\}2.44 +/- 1.00 mu mol(CO2) m(-2) s(-1), mean value] during the favorable period, and in summer \{[\}3.17 +/- 0.89 mu mol(CO2) m(-2) s(-1)] during drought. The results of the regression analysis showed that 42% of R (L) variations depended on mean air temperature and 13% on total monthly rainfall. Among the considered species, C. incanus, was characterized by the highest R (L) in drought \{[\}4.93 +/- 0.27 mu mol(CO2) m(-2) s(-1)], low leaf water potential at predawn (I-pd= -1.08 +/- 0.18 MPa) and midday (I-md = -2.75 +/- 0.11 MPa) and low relative water content at predawn (RWCpd = 80.5 +/- 3.4%) and midday (RWCmd = 67.1 +/- 4.6%). Compared to C. incanus, the sclerophyllous species (Q. ilex, P. latifolia, P. lentiscus, A. unedo) and the liana (S. aspera), had lower R (L) \{[\}2.72 +/- 0.66 mu mol(CO2) m(-2) s(-1), mean value of the considered species], higher RWCpd (91.8 +/- 1.8%), RWCmd (82.4 +/- 3.2%), I-pd (-0.65 +/- 0.28 MPa) and I-md (-2.85 +/- 1.20 MPa) in drought. The narrow-leaved species (E. multiflora, R. officinalis, and E. arborea) were in the middle. The coefficients, proportional to the respiration increase for each 10A degrees C rise (Q(10)), ranging from 1.49 (E. arborea) to 1.98 (A. unedo) were indicative of the different sensitivities of the considered species to air temperature variation.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andivia, Enrique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carevic, Felipe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FERNÁNDEZ, MANUEL</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alejano, Reyes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VÁZQUEZ-PIQUÉ, JAVIER</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TAPIAS, RAÚL</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasonal evolution of water status after outplanting of two provenances of Holm oak nursery seedlings</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Forests</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adaptation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Field performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physiological traits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11056-012-9347-3</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">815 - 824</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1105601293</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest restoration programs using Holm oak (Quercus ilex ssp. ballota [Desf.] Samp.) have had limited success. The effect of plant provenance on plantation success is uncertain, although some previous studies suggest that some provenances may be better able to tolerate stress. We studied the tolerance to drought in seedlings from two Spanish provenances of Holm oak before and after outplanting. One provenance was from a continental climate with cold winters (GR) and the other was from a xeric climate (HU). Seedlings were subjected to a water stress test in the nursery during the summer and survival was visually assessed after 2 weeks. In addition, 35 healthy seedlings of each provenance that were not subjected to the water stress tests were used for outplanting experiment. In these plants the seasonal changes in water potential at dawn (W), speciﬁc leaf area (SLA), cuticular transpiration (Ec ), and loss of xylem hydraulic conductance of twigs (PLC) were measured over 18 months. After the water stress test in summer, mortality was 44.3 % for GR seedlings and 12.6 % for HU seedlings. In addition there were differences between the two provenances in plant water status after planting. The HU provenance had a better water status and was more water conservative in the summer (higher W, lower Ec , lower PLC), but not in the winter. The different drought tolerance and water relations parameters of these two provenances indicate that provenance should be considered in forest restoration and conservation programs involving Holm oak.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lavrov, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Utkin, a B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marques da Silva, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vilar, Rui</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, N. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alves, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water stress assessment of cork oak leaves and maritime pine needles based on LIF spectra</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optics and Spectroscopy</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">laser induced fluorescence (LIF)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">maritime pine (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1134/S0030400X12020166</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">112</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">271 - 279</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the present work was to develop a method for the remote assessment of the impact of fire and drought stress on Mediterranean forest species such as the cork oak (Quercus suber) and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster). The proposed method is based on laser induced fluorescence (LIF): chlorophyll fluo rescence is remotely excited by frequencydoubled YAG:Nd laser radiation pulses and collected and analyzed using a telescope and a gated high sensitivity spectrometer. The plant health criterion used is based on the I685 /I740 ratio value, calculated from the fluorescence spectra. The method was benchmarked by comparing the results achieved with those obtained by conventional, continuous excitation fluorometric method and water loss gravimetric measurements. The results obtained with both methods show a strong correlation between them and with the weightloss measurements, showing that the proposed method is suitable for fire and drought impact assessment on these two species</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andivia, Enrique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Márquez-García, Belén</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VÁZQUEZ-PIQUÉ, JAVIER</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Córdoba, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FERNÁNDEZ, MANUEL</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Autumn fertilization with nitrogen improves nutritional status, cold hardiness and the oxidative stress response of Holm oak (Quercus ilex ssp. ballota [Desf.] Samp) nursery seedlings</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frost tolerance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mineral nutrients</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxidative stress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s00468-011-0593-3</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">311 - 320</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0046801105933</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak (Quercus ilex ssp. ballota [Desf.] Samp) is one of the most important species in forest communities of the western Mediterranean Basin, but is very vulnerable to environmental stress during the ﬁrst years of its life. In particular, summer drought and winter frosts limit the distribution, survival, and growth of Holm oak. These two stress factors can lead to plasmolysis and/or oxidative stress. We hypothesized that autumn fertilization with nitrogen (N) can improve plant tolerance to these abiotic stress factors and improve plant quality and therefore reforestation success. A 12-week autumn application of 30 or 60 mg N (plus 70 mg N applied to both treatments during the previous 28 weeks in the nursery, i.e. 100 and 130 mg N in total, respectively) improved overall growth, root growth capacity, frost tolerance, and nutritional status of plants relative to plants given 0.0 and 1.5 mg autumnal N, and had no negative effect on seedling response to water stress. A very small increment in N doses during the autumn (1.5 vs. 0.0 mg N) improved some morphological parameters, such as stem diameter (D) and shoot dry weight, and physiological parameters, such as total antioxidant activity. The highest autumnal N dose (60 mg) increased leaf nutrient content without decreasing the concentration, but had a tendency to reduce frost tolerance relative to seedlings given a lower autumnal N dose (30 mg).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alessio, G. a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ogaya, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species-specific, seasonal, inter-annual, and historically-accumulated changes in foliar terpene emission rates in Phillyrea latifolia and Quercus ilex submitted to rain exclusion in the Prades Mountains (Catalonia)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Russian Journal of Plant Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprenoid emission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phillyrea latifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1134/S1021443710061020</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">126 - 132</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean vegetation emits large amounts of terpenes. We aimed to study the effects of the decreases in soil water availability forecast for the next decades by global circulation models and ecophysio logical models on the terpene emissions by two widely distributed Mediterranean woody species, Phillyrea latifolia L. and Quercus ilex L. We subjected holm oak forest plots to an experimental soil drought of ca. 20% decrease in soil moisture by partial rainfall exclusion and runoff exclusion. We measured the emission rates throughout the seasons for two years with contrasting precipitation and soil moisture (16.6% average in 2003 vs. 6.4% as average in 2005). Among the detected volatile terpenes, only αpinene and limonene were present in detectable quantities in all of the studied periods. Total terpene emitted ranged from practically zero (spring 2003) to 3.6 and 58.3 μg/(g dry wt h) (winter 2005 and summer 2003 for P. latifolia and Q. ilex, respec tively). A clear seasonality was found in the emission rates (they were the highest in summer in both species) and also in the qualitative composition of the emission mix. Maximum emissions of αpinene occurred in spring and maximum emissions of limonene in winter. Neither the interannual differences in water availabil ity nor the rain exclusion treatment significantly affected the emissions in P. latifolia, but Q. ilex showed by 17% lower emissions during the drier second year of study, 2005, but more than two and threefold increases with the drought treatment in summer 2003 and in summer 2005, respectively, showing historical accumu lated effects. These results, which show increased monoterpene emission under the moderate drought pro duced by the treatment and decreased emission under the severe second year drought, and a much higher sen sitivity to drought in Q. ilex than in P. latifolia, are useful in understanding the behavior of plant volatiles under Mediterranean conditions and in modeling future emission under changing climate conditions. They show that the usage of current models could lead to under and overestimations of the emission under summer dry conditions, because most current algorithms are based on light and temperature only.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alessio, G a.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ogaya, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species-specific, seasonal, inter-annual, and historically-accumulated changes in foliar terpene emission rates in Phillyrea latifolia and Quercus ilex submitted to rain exclusion in the Prades Mountains (Catalonia)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Russian Journal of Plant Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">isoprenoid emission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phillyrea latifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">126-132</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean vegetation emits large amounts of terpenes. We aimed to study the effects of the decreases in soil water availability forecast for the next decades by global circulation models and ecophysio logical models on the terpene emissions by two widely distributed Mediterranean woody species, Phillyrea latifolia L. and Quercus ilex L. We subjected holm oak forest plots to an experimental soil drought of ca. 20% decrease in soil moisture by partial rainfall exclusion and runoff exclusion. We measured the emission rates throughout the seasons for two years with contrasting precipitation and soil moisture (16.6% average in 2003 vs. 6.4% as average in 2005). Among the detected volatile terpenes, only αpinene and limonene were present in detectable quantities in all of the studied periods. Total terpene emitted ranged from practically zero (spring 2003) to 3.6 and 58.3 μg/(g dry wt h) (winter 2005 and summer 2003 for P. latifolia and Q. ilex, respec tively). A clear seasonality was found in the emission rates (they were the highest in summer in both species) and also in the qualitative composition of the emission mix. Maximum emissions of αpinene occurred in spring and maximum emissions of limonene in winter. Neither the interannual differences in water availabil ity nor the rain exclusion treatment significantly affected the emissions in P. latifolia, but Q. ilex showed by 17% lower emissions during the drier second year of study, 2005, but more than two and threefold increases with the drought treatment in summer 2003 and in summer 2005, respectively, showing historical accumu lated effects. These results, which show increased monoterpene emission under the moderate drought pro duced by the treatment and decreased emission under the severe second year drought, and a much higher sen sitivity to drought in Q. ilex than in P. latifolia, are useful in understanding the behavior of plant volatiles under Mediterranean conditions and in modeling future emission under changing climate conditions. They show that the usage of current models could lead to under and overestimations of the emission under summer dry conditions, because most current algorithms are based on light and temperature only.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gea-Izquierdo, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cherubini, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, I.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree-rings reflect the impact of climate change on Quercus ilex L. along a temperature gradient in Spain over the last 100years</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendroecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Non-linear response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112711004646</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">262</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1807 - 1816</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We analyzed tree rings over the past 100 years to understand the response of Quercus ilex L. to climate change at four different sites along a temperature gradient in a highly anthropogenically transformed ecosystem. To test the hypothesis of a climate change related decrease in productivity at warmer sites, we discuss the effect of historical management on the growth of forest stands and the spatio-temporal variability of growth in response to climate, analyzing departures from linearity in that relationship. We reconstructed stand history and investigated past growth trends using tree-rings. Then we used a dendroecological approach to study the regional, local and age-dependent response to climate, analyzing the relationship between precipitation and tree growth using non-linear mixed models. Tree rings reﬂected the origin of the studied landscape, mainly a simpliﬁcation of an original closed forest and progressive canopy opening for agrosilvopastoral purposes after the mid 1800s. As expected, trees were principally responding to water availability, and regional growth (as expressed by the ﬁrst principal component from the matrix of chronologies) was highly responsive to hydrological year precipitation (r = 0.7). In this water limited ecosystem, the response of growth to precipitation was asymptotic and independent of age, but variable in time. Maximum growth was variable at the different sites and the non-linear function of growth saturated (i.e. reached an asymptote) at temperature dependent site speciﬁc precipitation levels within the range considered in the region to lead a shift towards deciduous species dominated woodlands (around 600 mm, variable with mean temperature). Only trees at warmer sites showed symptoms of growth decline, most likely explained by water stress increase in the last decades affecting the highly transformed open (i.e. low competition) tree structure. Stands at colder locations did not show any negative growth trend and may beneﬁt from the current increase in winter temperatures. Coinciding with the decrease in productivity, trees at warmer sites responded more to moisture availability, exhibited a slower response to precipitation and reached maximum growth at higher precipitation levels than trees at colder sites. This suggests that warmer stands are threatened by climate change. The non-linear response of growth to precipitation described is meaningful for different ecological applications and provides new insights in the way trees respond to climate.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linaldeddu, B. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sirca, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spano, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franceschini, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variation of endophytic cork oak-associated fungal communities in relation to plant health and water stress</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Pathology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fungal endophytes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gas exchange and water potential (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2010.00652.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">193 - 201</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The main objective of this study was to obtain more comprehensive knowledge about the eﬀect of water stress on endophytic fungal communities in asymptomatic and declining cork oak trees. Six asymptomatic and six declining cork oak trees were randomly selected in a natural cork oak forest located in Sardinia, Italy. In February 2003, the soil around three asymptomatic and three declining trees was covered with a circular plastic ﬁlm to reduce rain water supply with the intention to induce water stress. The remaining six trees served as controls. Predawn xylematic water potential (PWP) was used as water status indicator and measured seasonally. Between July 2003 and June 2004, fungal endophytes were isolated every 2–4 months from twigs, branches and woody tissues. Signiﬁcant diﬀerences in PWP between covered and control trees were detected mainly in autumn. Gas exchange was greatest in asymptomatic control plants. All tissues were colonized by endophytic fungi. Nineteen fungal species were isolated from 1620 plant fragments. Biscogniauxia mediterranea was the most frequently isolated fungus. Its isolation frequency was signiﬁcantly higher in declining covered trees than in control trees (p &lt; 0.05). Presence of this fungus in asymptomatic control trees was signiﬁcantly higher in winter than in summer. Water stress seems to reduce species diversity of the endophytic mycobiota in cork oak and to promote proliferation of some potentially pathogenic endophytes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KEENAN, Trevor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabaté, Santi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gracia, Carlos</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The importance of mesophyll conductance in regulating forest ecosystem productivity during drought periods</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Change Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16 june 2009</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conductance limitations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FLUXNET</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">june 2009 and accepted</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mesophyll conduc-</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mesophyll conductance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">received 12 march 2009</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">revised version received 2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02017.xhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02017.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1019 - 1034</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water availability is the most limiting factor to global plant productivity, yet photosynthetic responses to seasonal drought cycles are poorly understood, with conflicting reports on which limiting process is the most important during drought. We address the problem using a model-data synthesis approach to look at canopy level fluxes, integrating twenty years of half hour data gathered by the FLUXNET network across six Mediterranean sites. The measured canopy level, water and carbon fluxes were used, together with an inverse canopy ecophysiological model, to estimate the bulk canopy conductance, bulk mesophyll conductance, and the canopy scale carbon pools in both the intercellular spaces and at the site of carboxylation in the chloroplasts. Thus the roles of stomatal and mesophyll conductance in the regulation of internal carbon pools and photosynthesis could be separated. A quantitative limitation analysis allowed for the relative seasonal responses of stomatal, mesophyll, and biochemical limitations to be gauged. The concentration of carbon in the chloroplast was shown to be a potentially more reliable estimator of assimilation rates than the intercellular carbon concentration. Both stomatal conductance limitations and mesophyll conductance limitations were observed to regulate the response of photosynthesis to water stress in each of the six species studied. The results suggest that mesophyll conductance could bridge the gap between conflicting reports on plant responses to soil water stress, and that the inclusion of mesophyll conductance in biosphere–atmosphere transfer models may improve their performance, in particular their ability to accurately capture the response of terrestrial vegetation productivity to drought.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Javier Peguero-Pina, Jose</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sancho-Knapik, Domingo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morales, Fermín</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flexas, Jaume</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Differential photosynthetic performance and photoprotection mechanisms of three Mediterranean evergreen oaks under severe drought stress</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">morphological convergence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photoprotection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">physiological performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Summer aridity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CSIRO PUBLISHING</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">453-462</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ability of three Mediterranean oaks (Quercus coccifera L., Quercus ilex ssp. ballota (Desf.) Samp and Quercus suber L.) to cope with intense drought was investigated. Water stress reduced stomatal conductance and photosynthesis in these species. Drought-mediated changes in photosynthetic-related parameters allowed the characterisation of the specific photo-protective mechanisms. Specifically, Q. suber downregulated photosynthetic electron transport rates (ETR) closing PSII reaction centres (i.e. decreasing photochemical quenching) and through an antheraxanthin (A) + zeaxanthin (Z)-mediated diminished intrinsic PSII efficiency (Phi(exc.).). These changes were lower in Q. coccifera and Q. ilex ssp. ballota, which decreased further ETR photo-inactivating PSII centres (evidenced by their low predawn F(v)/F(m) ratios at high water stress). The predawn F(v)/F(m) ratio decreased in Q. coccifera largely due to F(m) decreases, whereas in Q. ilex ssp. ballota F(v)/F(m) decreases were due to F(0) increases, below -4 MPa. These F(v)/F(m) decreases were well correlated with increases in the A + Z photo-protective pigments. An analysis of dark respiration and photorespiration as alternative electron sinks under intense drought stress also revealed interspecific differences. The largest imbalance between electrons generated and consumed increased potentially oxidative damage in Q. suber. Subsequently, only Q. suber showed loss of chlorophyll, which is one of the main targets of oxidative damage. Data suggest that Q. coccifera and Q. ilex ssp. ballota seem more able than Q. suber to withstand highly xeric conditions. Therefore, our results question the consideration of Mediterranean evergreen oaks as a homogeneous physiological group.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keenan, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Friend, A D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zaehle, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gracia, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabate, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Improved understanding of drought controls on seasonal variation in Mediterranean forest canopy CO2 and water fluxes through combined in situ measurements and ecosystem modelling</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOGEOSCIENCES</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem functioning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1423-1444</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water stress is a defining characteristic of Mediterranean ecosystems, and is likely to become more severe in the coming decades. Simulation models are key tools for making predictions, but our current understanding of how soil moisture controls ecosystem functioning is not sufficient to adequately constrain parameterisations. Canopy-scale flux data from four forest ecosystems with Mediterranean-type climates were used in order to analyse the physiological controls on carbon and water flues through the year. Significant non-stomatal limitations on photosynthesis were detected, along with lesser changes in the conductance-assimilation relationship. New model parameterisations were derived and implemented in two contrasting modelling approaches. The effectiveness of two models, one a dynamic global vegetation model ({''}ORCHIDEE{''}), and the other a forest growth model particularly developed for Mediterranean simulations ({''}GOTILWA+{''}), was assessed and modelled canopy responses to seasonal changes in soil moisture were analysed in comparison with in situ flux measurements. In contrast to commonly held assumptions, we find that changing the ratio of conductance to assimilation under natural, seasonally-developing, soil moisture stress is not sufficient to reproduce forest canopy CO2 and water fluxes. However, accurate predictions of both CO2 and water fluxes under all soil moisture levels encountered in the field are obtained if photosynthetic capacity is assumed to vary with soil moisture. This new parameterisation has important consequences for simulated responses of carbon and water fluxes to seasonal soil moisture stress, and should greatly improve our ability to anticipate future impacts of climate changes on the functioning of ecosystems in Mediterranean-type climates.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keenan, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Friend, A. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zaehle, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gracia, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabate, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Improved understanding of drought controls on seasonal variation in Mediterranean forest canopy CO2 and water fluxes through combined in situ measurements and ecosystem modelling</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOGEOSCIENCES</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem functioning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1423 - 1444</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water stress is a defining characteristic of Mediterranean ecosystems, and is likely to become more severe in the coming decades. Simulation models are key tools for making predictions, but our current understanding of how soil moisture controls ecosystem functioning is not sufficient to adequately constrain parameterisations. Canopy-scale flux data from four forest ecosystems with Mediterranean-type climates were used in order to analyse the physiological controls on carbon and water flues through the year. Significant non-stomatal limitations on photosynthesis were detected, along with lesser changes in the conductance-assimilation relationship. New model parameterisations were derived and implemented in two contrasting modelling approaches. The effectiveness of two models, one a dynamic global vegetation model ({''}ORCHIDEE{''}), and the other a forest growth model particularly developed for Mediterranean simulations ({''}GOTILWA+{''}), was assessed and modelled canopy responses to seasonal changes in soil moisture were analysed in comparison with in situ flux measurements. In contrast to commonly held assumptions, we find that changing the ratio of conductance to assimilation under natural, seasonally-developing, soil moisture stress is not sufficient to reproduce forest canopy CO2 and water fluxes. However, accurate predictions of both CO2 and water fluxes under all soil moisture levels encountered in the field are obtained if photosynthetic capacity is assumed to vary with soil moisture. This new parameterisation has important consequences for simulated responses of carbon and water fluxes to seasonal soil moisture stress, and should greatly improve our ability to anticipate future impacts of climate changes on the functioning of ecosystems in Mediterranean-type climates.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APSAPSThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY&lt;br/&gt;publisher: COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blanch, Josep-salvador</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sardans, Jordi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, Joan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought, warming and soil fertilization effects on leaf volatile terpene concentrations in Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Physiologiae Plantarum</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fertilization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus halepensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">terpene concentration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">207-218</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The changes in foliar concentrations of volatile terpenes in response to water stress, fertilization and temperature were analyzed in Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex. The most abundant terpenes found in both species were a-pinene and D 3 -carene. b-Pinene and myrcene were also abundant in both species. P. halepensis concentrations were much greater than those of Q. ilex in agreement with the lack of storage in the latter species (15205.60 ± 1140.04 vs. 0.54 ± 0.08 lg g -1 [d.m.]). The drought treatment (reduction to 1/3 of full watering) signiﬁcantly increased the total terpene concentrations in both species (54% in P. halepensis and 119% in Q. ilex). The fertilization treatment (addition of either 250 kg N ha -1 or 250 kg P ha -1 or both) had no signiﬁcant effects on terpene foliar concentrations. The terpene concentrations increased from 0.25 lg g -1 [d.m.] at 30C to 0.70 lg g -1 [d.m.] at 40C in Q. ilex (the non-storing species) and from 2,240 lg g -1 [d.m.] at 30C to 15,621 lg g -1 [d.m.] at 40C in P. halepensis (the storing species). Both species presented negative relationship between terpene concentrations and relative water contents (RWC). The results of this study show that higher terpene concentrations can be expected in the warmer and drier conditions predicted for the next decades in the Mediterranean region.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blanch, Josep-salvador</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sardans, Jordi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, Joan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought, warming and soil fertilization effects on leaf volatile terpene concentrations in Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Physiologiae Plantarum</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fertilization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus halepensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">terpene concentration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11738-008-0221-z</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">207 - 218</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The changes in foliar concentrations of volatile terpenes in response to water stress, fertilization and temperature were analyzed in Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex. The most abundant terpenes found in both species were a-pinene and D 3 -carene. b-Pinene and myrcene were also abundant in both species. P. halepensis concentrations were much greater than those of Q. ilex in agreement with the lack of storage in the latter species (15205.60 ± 1140.04 vs. 0.54 ± 0.08 lg g -1 [d.m.]). The drought treatment (reduction to 1/3 of full watering) signiﬁcantly increased the total terpene concentrations in both species (54% in P. halepensis and 119% in Q. ilex). The fertilization treatment (addition of either 250 kg N ha -1 or 250 kg P ha -1 or both) had no signiﬁcant effects on terpene foliar concentrations. The terpene concentrations increased from 0.25 lg g -1 [d.m.] at 30C to 0.70 lg g -1 [d.m.] at 40C in Q. ilex (the non-storing species) and from 2,240 lg g -1 [d.m.] at 30C to 15,621 lg g -1 [d.m.] at 40C in P. halepensis (the storing species). Both species presented negative relationship between terpene concentrations and relative water contents (RWC). The results of this study show that higher terpene concentrations can be expected in the warmer and drier conditions predicted for the next decades in the Mediterranean region.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HERNÁNDEZ-SANTANA, VIRGINIA</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARTÍNEZ-FERNÁNDEZ, JOSÉ</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morán, Carlos</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estimation of tree water stress from stem and soil water monitoring with timeâ€domain reflectometry in two small forested basins in Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrological P</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus pyrenaica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus rotundifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil water deficit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stem water content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TDR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2501</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2493-2501</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil-tree water relationships were studied using time domain reﬂectometry (TDR) in two small forested basins in Spain. The stem water content of two Mediterranean Quercus species (Quercus pyrenaica and Quercus rotundifolia) was measured using previously constructed species-speciﬁc equations. To monitor soil moisture, a TDR station network was used in both cases. Sixteen Q. pyrenaica and six Q. rotundifolia individuals were selected to install two TDR probes in their trunks (at 20 and 120 cm above the ground) to monitor stem water content. Stem and soil water contents were measured fortnightly. The stem water content of both species showed a similar temporal trend for the period studied. A spring maximum (0Ð654 cm3 cm3 for Q. pyrenaica and 0Ð568 cm3 cm3 for Q. rotundifolia) was found to be associated with high transpiration and no soil moisture deﬁcit, and a late-summer minimum (0Ð520 cm3 cm3 for Q. pyrenaica and 0Ð426 cm3 cm3 for Q. rotundifolia) was associated with the end of the dry season. This drop in stem water content occurs when the available water in the soil decreases. This seasonal difference presumably reﬂects water withdrawn from stem storage to support the transpirational demands of the tree. Since plant water stress results in reduced stem water content and since this drop can be measured by TDR, it may be concluded that this technology offers a suitable tool for detecting plant water stress</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">La Porta, N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Capretti, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomsen, I M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kasanen, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hietala, A M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Von Weissenberg, K</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest pathogens with higher damage potential due to climate change in Europe</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest diseases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global warming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">opportunistic fungi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pathogenic fungi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">predisposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">review</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor &amp; Francis</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">177-195</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract Most atmospheric scientists agree that climate changes are going to increase the mean temperature in Europe with increased frequency of climatic extremes, such as drought, floods, and storms. Under such conditions, there is high probability that forests will be subject to increased frequency and intensity of stress due to climatic extremes. Therefore, impacts of climate change on forest health should be carefully evaluated. Given these assumptions, several fungal diseases on trees may become more devastating because of the following factors: (i) abiotic stresses, such as drought and flooding, are known to predispose trees to several pathogens; (ii) temperature and moisture affect pathogen sporulation and dispersal, and changes in climatic conditions are likely to favour certain pathogens; (iii) migration of pathogens triggered by climatic change may increase disease incidence or geographical range, when pathogens encounter new hosts and (or) new potential vectors; and (iv) new threats may appear either because of a change in tree species composition or because of invasive species. If infection success is dependent on temperature, higher mean temperatures may lead to more attacks. Pathogens that have been of importance in southern Europe may spread northward and also upward to mountains. Pathogens with evolutionary potential for greater damage should be identified to estimate the magnitude of the threat and to prepare for the changing conditions. A review of the above-mentioned cases is presented. Some priorities to improve the ability to predict impacts of climate change on tree diseases are discussed.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/07060661.2008.10540534</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/07060661.2008.10540534</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Domínguez Núñez, José Alfonso</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serrano, Jesús Selva</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barreal, José Antonio Rodríguez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González, José Antonio Saiz De Omeñaca</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The influence of mycorrhization with Tuber melanosporum in the afforestation of a Mediterranean site with Quercus ilex and Quercus faginea</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ectomycorrhiza</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nutrients</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quercus faginea lamk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tuber melanosporum vitt</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">231</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">226-233</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) and Lusitanian oak (Quercus faginea) stand establishment, mycorrhizated with black trufﬂe (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.), situated in the north of Alicante, south-eastern Spain, was analyzed during the second year of plantation. The mycorrhization improved seedling growth, especially that of the shoots, encouraged water uptake of the seedlings during the summer drought, and improved total phosphorus absorption. Tuber melanosporum was found to colonize the roots of the seedlings very successfully</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tognetti, Roberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cherubini, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Innes, John L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparative stem-growth rates of Mediterranean trees under background and naturally enhanced ambient CO2 concentrations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Phytologist</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arbutus unedo (strawberry tree)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon Sequestration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendroecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural CO2 springs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex (holm oak)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree rings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge University Press</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59-74</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ring widths of five Mediterranean forest tree species (Arbutus unedo, Fraxinus ornus, Quercus cerris, Quercus ilex and Quercus pubescens) growing close to a natural source of CO2 in Tuscany, Italy and at a nearby control site were compared. At the CO2-enriched site, trees have been growing for decades under elevated CO2 concentrations. They originated from parent trees that also grew under elevated CO2 in natural conditions, and they have been continuously exposed to elevated CO2 throughout their growth. Tree-ring series from each of the species were prepared. Assigning calendar dates to rings was difficult but possible, and ring-width series were built for all species. The ring-width data were analysed using a two-sided t-test to assess if there was a difference between the radial growth at the CO2-enriched site and the control site. The cumulative basal area at the same cambial age at both sites was also compared using a Wilcoxon test. Radial growth of trees at the CO2-enriched site was not significantly different from growth at the control site. For each species, year by year, radial growth at the CO2-enriched site was tested against the control site and significant differences were found in only a few years; these differences were not synchronous with extreme climatic events. The expected increase in above-ground productivity, as one of the ecosystem responses to increasing CO2 during drought stress, was not observed in this Mediterranean woody plant community, despite being water-limited. Other resource limitations, such as low nutrient availability (common in the Mediterranean region), may have counteracted the positive effect of elevated CO2 under drought stress, or trees may have acclimated to the high CO2.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tognetti, Roberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cherubini, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INNES, JOHN L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparative stem-growth rates of Mediterranean trees under background and naturally enhanced ambient CO2 concentrations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Phytologist</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arbutus unedo (strawberry tree)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon Sequestration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendroecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural CO2 springs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex (holm oak)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree rings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00620.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59 - 74</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ring widths of five Mediterranean forest tree species (Arbutus unedo, Fraxinus ornus, Quercus cerris, Quercus ilex and Quercus pubescens) growing close to a natural source of CO2 in Tuscany, Italy and at a nearby control site were compared. At the CO2-enriched site, trees have been growing for decades under elevated CO2 concentrations. They originated from parent trees that also grew under elevated CO2 in natural conditions, and they have been continuously exposed to elevated CO2 throughout their growth. Tree-ring series from each of the species were prepared. Assigning calendar dates to rings was difficult but possible, and ring-width series were built for all species. The ring-width data were analysed using a two-sided t-test to assess if there was a difference between the radial growth at the CO2-enriched site and the control site. The cumulative basal area at the same cambial age at both sites was also compared using a Wilcoxon test. Radial growth of trees at the CO2-enriched site was not significantly different from growth at the control site. For each species, year by year, radial growth at the CO2-enriched site was tested against the control site and significant differences were found in only a few years; these differences were not synchronous with extreme climatic events. The expected increase in above-ground productivity, as one of the ecosystem responses to increasing CO2 during drought stress, was not observed in this Mediterranean woody plant community, despite being water-limited. Other resource limitations, such as low nutrient availability (common in the Mediterranean region), may have counteracted the positive effect of elevated CO2 under drought stress, or trees may have acclimated to the high CO2.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Cambridge University Press</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, J S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chaves, M M</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohren, GMJ and Kramer, K and Sabate, S</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Impacts of climate change and elevated CO2 on trees in regions with a Mediterranean type of climate</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPACTS OF GLOBAL CHANGE ON TREE PHYSIOLOGY AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elevated CO2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">213-223</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0-7923-4921-0</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research on the effects of global changes on Mediterranean trees is&lt;br/&gt;still limited. In terms of growth response to elevated CO2,&lt;br/&gt;Mediterranean trees were not different from temperate-zone trees, i.e.,&lt;br/&gt;growth enhancement seems to be short-lived, declining after the first&lt;br/&gt;growing seasons in elevated CO2. In Mediterranean landscapes important&lt;br/&gt;soil fertility gradients can be found. Such differences, mainly in soil&lt;br/&gt;nitrogen, may interact with elevated CO2, as shown by the enhancement of&lt;br/&gt;the response to high CO2 by abundant N in Fraxinus angustifolia (a&lt;br/&gt;deciduous, riparian tree) and Quercus suber (an evergreen oak). Given&lt;br/&gt;the characteristics of the regional climate, special attention in&lt;br/&gt;research was given to the interaction between elevated CO2 and the&lt;br/&gt;summer stress, i.e., heat and high irradiance stresses superimposed on&lt;br/&gt;water deficits. We discuss the possibility that elevated CO2 may&lt;br/&gt;alleviate some of the negative effects of that summer stresses, as was&lt;br/&gt;found in Quercus suber seedlings under controlled conditions or in&lt;br/&gt;Quercus ilex with a life-time exposure to elevated CO2.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FARIA, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerasoli, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Plazaola, J. I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guimaraes, M. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abadia, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raschi, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miglietta, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, J. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chaves, M. M.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohren, GMJ and Kramer</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photochemical response to summer drought in Quercus ilex trees growing in a naturally CO2 enriched site</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPACTS OF GLOBAL CHANGE ON TREE PHYSIOLOGY AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elevated CO2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">xanthophylls</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119 - 124</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0-7923-4921-0</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effect of the interaction between water stress and growth at elevated CO2 on the leaf photochemistry were studied in Quercus ilex trees, growing in a naturally CO2 enriched site (the Bossoleto, Italy). Those plants were compared with plants growing nearby in similar soils but at ambient CO2 concentration. Our data indicate that down-regulation of photosynthesis is lower in non-watered trees from the enriched site than in non-watered trees from the ambient-CO2 site This may be associated to the higher carbon availability for the consumption of the excess absorbed light energy or to an increased protection of the photochemical apparatus against oxidative stress in plants grown under elevated CO2.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: IMPACTS OF GLOBAL CHANGE ON TREE PHYSIOLOGY AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faria, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerasoli, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia-Plazaola, J I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guimaraes, M P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abadía, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raschi, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miglietta, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, J S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chaves, M M</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohren, GMJ and Kramer, K and Sabate, S</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photochemical response to summer drought in Quercus ilex trees growing in a naturally CO2 enriched site</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPACTS OF GLOBAL CHANGE ON TREE PHYSIOLOGY AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elevated CO2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">xanthophylls</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119-124</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0-7923-4921-0</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effect of the interaction between water stress and growth at elevated CO2 on the leaf photochemistry were studied in Quercus ilex trees, growing in a naturally CO2 enriched site (the Bossoleto, Italy). Those plants were compared with plants growing nearby in similar soils but at ambient CO2 concentration. Our data indicate that down-regulation of photosynthesis is lower in non-watered trees from the enriched site than in non-watered trees from the ambient-CO2 site This may be associated to the higher carbon availability for the consumption of the excess absorbed light energy or to an increased protection of the photochemical apparatus against oxidative stress in plants grown under elevated CO2.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Méthy, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Damesin, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought and photosystem II activity in two Mediterranean oaks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photoinhibition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photosystem II</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">53</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">255-262</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The responses of photosystem II (PS II) to drought were analysed on two Mediterranean oak species, Quercus ilex and Q pubescens, using the chlorophyll fluorescence pulse-amplitude-modulation technique. The maximal PS II photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of the evergreen Q ilex and the deciduous Q pubescens oaks was only affected when leaf predawn water potential was lower than -4 MPa. This value is rarely observed on mature trees growing in the field, but can be undergone by young seedlings during drought periods, hence confirming the stability of PS II. Whatever the irradiance, drought resulted, in both species, in lower values of PS II photochemical efficiency in a light-adapted state (ΔF/F m'), due to stomatal closure and/or a direct inhibition of the dark reactions of photosynthesis. Diurnal decreases of Fv/Fm of 30 min dark-adapted leaves were greater for lower predawn water potential; a recovery was observed in the late afternoon. The reversible decreases in the diurnal time-courses of maximal fluorescence led us to assume the onset of protective mechanisms from permanent photodamages in Q ilex and, to a lesser extent, in Q pubescens.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bertin, N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staudt, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of water stress on monoterpene emissions from young potted holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) trees</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">monoterpene emission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">107</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">456-462</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We investigated the effects of a short period of water stress on monoterpene emissions from Quercus il- ex, a common oak species of the Mediterranean vegeta- tion and a strong emitter of monoterpenes. The experi- ment was carried out on two young saplings with a branch enclosure system under semi-controlled condi- tions. Under unstressed conditions, small qualitative (cis- [3-ocimene, trans-~3-ocimene, [3-caryophyllene and 1,8- cineol) and large quantitative (as much as 40% for the main compounds emitted) differences were observed be- tween the two apparently similar trees. Nevertheless these differences did not affect the short- and long-term responses to temperature and water stress. Daily courses of emissions and gas exchanges were similar before and after the stress. During the most severe stress, emissions were reduced by a factor of two orders of magnitude and the log-linear relationship between emissions and tem- perature no longer existed. Photosynthesis and transpira- tion rates decreased as soon as the soil started to dry, whereas monoterpene emissions slightly increased for few days and then dropped when the daily CO 2 balance approached zero. We concluded that under water stress monoterpene emissions were highly limited by monoter- pene synthesis resulting from a lack of carbon substrate and/or ATR After rewatering, both emissions and gas ex- changes recovered immediately, but to a level lower than the pre-stress level. These results have many implica- tions for monoterpene emission modelling in the Medi- terranean area, since the dry period generally extends from May to August. If our results are confirmed by field experiments, water stress could lead to a large overesti- mation of the emissions under summer conditions, when the algorithms based on light and temperature would give high emission rates.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scarascia-Mugnozza, G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long-term exposure to elevated in a natural Quercus ilex L. community: net photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency of PSII at different levels of water stress</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant, Cell &amp; Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chlotophyll fluorescenee</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elevated [CO2]</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">643-654</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naturally grown trees of Mediterranean evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.), representing tbe climax species of tbe region, were enclosed in six large open-top chambers and exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations during a 3 year period. Maximum daily net photosynthetic rates measured at the two different CO2 concentrations were from 30 to 100% higher in elevated than in ambient [CO2] throughout the experimental period. The increase in maximum daily photosynthesis was also accompanied by a 93% rise in the apparent quantum yield of CO2 assimilation, measured during periods of optimum soil moisture conditions. Hence, no clear evidence of downregulation of net photosynthetic activity was found. Interactions between atmospheric CO2 concentration and plant water stress were studied by following the natural evolution of drought in different seasons and years. At each level of water stress, the maximum rate of carbon assimilation was higher in elevated than in ambient [CO2I by up to 100%. Analysis of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in normal (21%) and low (2%) oxygen concentrations provided useful insights into the functioning and stability of the photosynthetic processes. The photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fy/F„,) progressively decreased as drought conditions became more evident; this trend was accentuated under elevated tCO2]. Thermal de-excitation processes were possibly more significant under elevated than Under ambient [CO2], in a combination of environmental stresses. This research suggests two possible conclusions: (i) a 'positive' interaction between elevated [CO2] and carbon metabolism can be obtained through relief of water stress limitation in the summer months, and (ii) elevated [CO2], under drought conditions, may also enhance the significance of slow-relaxing quenching.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acherar, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lepart, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Évolution du potentiel hydrique foliaire et de la conductance stomatique de quatre chênes méditerranéens lors d'une période de dessèchement</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">deciduous</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water potential</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">561-573</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of soil drying on leaf water potential and stomatal conductance in four Mediterranean oak species. The water relations and the responses of 2 evergreen Quercus species (Quercus ilex L and Q suber L) and 2 deciduous species (Q afares Pomel and Q faginea Willd) were studied under experimental conditions. Two-yr old seedlings grown in 30-1 pots were subjected to a drying period where stomatal conductance, pre-dawn leaf water potential and minimum leaf water potential were measured. The results show that, for all species, the daily course of stomatal conductance agrees with the patterns proposed by Hinckley et al (1978, 1983). Concurrent with the species responses to short-term variation in water availability, it was found that pre-dawn leaf water potential controlled the maximum daily leaf conductance. There was a strong correlation between pre-dawn leaf potential and maximum daily conductance (gsr max) as described by the reciprocal function gsr max = (-0.47 + 2.61 ψb)-1 for the evergreen oaks and gsr max = (-1.94 + 7.39 ψb)-1 for the deciduous ones. The differences between the 2 groups may partially explain their geographic distributions, and also lead to general questions concerning the mechanisms of water use in the Mediterranean oak species.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epron, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dreyer, E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal and non stomatal limitation of photosynthesis by leaf water deficits in three oak species: a comparison of gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence data</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlorophyll a fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photoinhibition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">435-450</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Net CO2 assimilation (A), stomatal conductance for CO2 (g), intercellular mole fraction of CO2 (Ci), kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence, and their half decay time (t1/2), their ratio of fluorescence decrease (Rfd), and their adaptive index (Ap) have been monitored on potted trees from 3 oak species (Quercus petraea, Q pubescens and Q ilex) grown in a climate chamber and submitted to drought. Use of A vs Ci representations for photosynthesis data revealed an apparent impairment of mesophyll photosynthesis, together with reduced CO2 supply to mesophyll due to stomatal closure. But in all species chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics displayed very similar shapes, constant t1/2 and stable Rfd and Ap values until predawn leaf water potential dropped below -4.0 MPa. These observations led to the conclusion that photochemical energy conversion and photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle could be very resistant to leaf water deficits, and that observed decreases in mesophyll photosynthesis had to be attributed to a possible artefact in Ci calculation. On the other hand, the susceptibility of leaves to photoinhibition increased as a consequence of water shortage, especially in Q petraea and Q pubescens. Differences in drought adaptation between the studied species could probably be related to susceptibility to photoinhibition rather than to a direct sensitivity of photosynthesis to leaf water deficits, at least in the range of stress intensities of ecophysiological significance.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schwab, K. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schreiber, U.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heber, U.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Planta of resurrection plants to desiccation and rehydration</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon dioxide (gas exchange)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlorophyll (fluorescence - luminescence)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought tolerance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Light scattering (thylakoids)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resurrection plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">217 - 227</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Using non-invasive techniques (CO2 gas exchange, light scattering, light absorption, chloro- phyll fluorescence, chlorophyll luminescence), we have analysed the response of respiration and pho- tosynthesis to dehydration and rehydration of leaves of the resurrection plants Craterostigma plantagineum Hochst., Ramonda mykoni Reichb. and Ceterach officinarum Lam. et DC. and of the drought-sensitive mesophyte spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). The following observations were made: (i) The rate of water loss during wilting of detached leaves of drought-tolerant resurrection plants was similar to that for leaves of the sensitive mesophyte, spinach. Leaves of Mediterranean xerophytes lost water much more slowly. (ii) Below a residual water content of about 20%, leaves of spinach did not recover turgor on rewatering, whereas leaves of the resurrection plants did. (iii) Respiration was less sensitive to the loss of water during wilting in the resurrection plants than in spinach. (iv) The sensitivity of photosynthesis to dehydration was similar in spinach and the resur- rection plants. Up to a water loss of 50% from the leaves, photosynthesis was limited by stomatal closure, not by inhibition of reactions of the photo- synthetic apparatus. Photosynthesis was inhibited and stomates reopened when loss of water became excessive. (v) After the leaves had lost 80% of their water or more, the light-dependent reactions of photosynthetic membranes were further inhibited by rewatering in spinach; they recovered in the resurrection plants. (vi) In desiccated leaves of the resurrection plants, slow rehydration reactivated mitochondrial gas exchange faster than photosyn- thetic membrane reactions. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation recovered only slowly.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPYROPOULOS, C G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LAMBIRIS, M P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of Temperature on the Effects of Water Stress on Quercus Species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">anthocyanin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carotenoids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chlorophyll</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus coccifera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1979</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">215-220</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus coccifera L. and Q. ilex L. leaves, collected in winter, when the plants were in full turgor, were treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a water potential of −48 and −65 bar, at 15 °C and at 30 °C, for 2 days. The response of each species differs with temperature as far as the plastid pigment, anthocyanin and soluble sugar content is concerned. Thus Q. ilex is affected more at 15 °C rather than at 30 °C, while in Q. coccifera, apart from a small increase in anthocyanins, no significant change was observed at 15 °C. On the contrary, at 30 °C significant changes were observed in all studied parameters. Chloroplast pigments decreased generally on the first day and their content either dropped further or increased to reach the control values on the second day. All treatments resulted in an increase in anthocyanin content. Soluble sugar content raised in Q. ilex at 15 °C and decreased in both species at 30 °C.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>