<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joannin, Sébastien</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magny, Michel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peyron, Odile</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vannière, Boris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galop, Didier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate and land-use change during the late Holocene at Lake Ledro (southern Alps, Italy).</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HoloceneHolocene</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate oscillations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Late Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">southern Alps</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation dynamic</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sage Publications, Ltd.</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">591-602</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper investigates the relative influences of climatic and anthropogenic factors in explaining environmental and societal changes in the southern Alps, Italy. We investigate a deep sediment core (LL081) from Lake Ledro (652 m a.s.l.). Environmental changes are reconstructed through multiproxy analysis, that is, pollen-based vegetation and climate reconstruction, magnetic susceptibility (MS), lake level, and flood frequency, and the paper focuses on the climate and land-use changes which occurred during the late Holocene. For this time interval, Lake Ledro records high mean water table, increasing amount of pollen-based precipitation, and more erosive conditions. Therefore, while a more humid late Holocene in the southern Alps has the potential to reinforce the forest presence, pollen evidence suggests that anthropogenic activities changed the impact of this regional scenario. Land-use activity (forest clearance for pastoralism, farming, and arboriculture) opened up the large vegetated slopes in the catchment of Lake Ledro, which in turn magnified the erosion related to the change in the precipitation pattern. The record of an almost continuous human occupation for the last 4100 cal. BP is divided into several land-use phases. On the one hand, forest redevelopments on abandoned or less cultivated areas appear to be climatically induced as they occurred in relation with well-known events such as the 2.8-kyr cold event and the ‘Little Ice Age’. On the other hand, climatically independent changes in land use or habitat modes are observed, such as the late-Bronze-Age lake-dwellings abandonment, the human population migration at c. 1600 cal. BP, and the period of the Black Death and famines at 600 cal. BP. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accession Number: 95564617; Joannin, Sébastien 1 Magny, Michel 2 Peyron, Odile 3 Vannière, Boris 2 Galop, Didier 4; Affiliation: 1: CNRS USR 3124 MSHE Ledoux, France, Université de Franche-Comté, France, Université Lyon 1, France, The University of Manchester, UK 2: CNRS USR 3124 MSHE Ledoux, France, Université de Franche-Comté, France 3: Université de Franche-Comté, France, Université Montpellier 2, France 4: CNRS UMR 5602, GEODE, France; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 24 Issue 5, p591; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: LAND use; Subject Term: SOIL erosion; Subject Term: HOLOCENE Epoch; Subject Term: VEGETATION dynamics; Subject Term: MAGNETIC susceptibility; Subject Term: LAKES; Subject Term: ITALY; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: land-use; Author-Supplied Keyword: late Holocene; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil erosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: southern Alps; Author-Supplied Keyword: vegetation dynamic; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 4 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accession Number: 95564617; Joannin, Sébastien 1 Magny, Michel 2 Peyron, Odile 3 Vannière, Boris 2 Galop, Didier 4; Affiliation: 1: CNRS USR 3124 MSHE Ledoux, France, Université de Franche-Comté, France, Université Lyon 1, France, The University of Manchester, UK 2: CNRS USR 3124 MSHE Ledoux, France, Université de Franche-Comté, France 3: Université de Franche-Comté, France, Université Montpellier 2, France 4: CNRS UMR 5602, GEODE, France; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 24 Issue 5, p591; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: LAND use; Subject Term: SOIL erosion; Subject Term: HOLOCENE Epoch; Subject Term: VEGETATION dynamics; Subject Term: MAGNETIC susceptibility; Subject Term: LAKES; Subject Term: ITALY; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: land-use; Author-Supplied Keyword: late Holocene; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil erosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: southern Alps; Author-Supplied Keyword: vegetation dynamic; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 4 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lozano-Parra, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maneta, M P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate and topographic controls on simulated pasture production in a semiarid Mediterranean watershed with scattered tree cover</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">degradation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecohydrology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasslands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pasture production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semiarid rangelands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1439-1456</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural grasses in semiarid rangelands constitute an effective protection against soil erosion and degradation, are a source of natural food for livestock and play a critical role in the hydrologic cycle by contributing to the uptake and transpiration of water. However, natural pastures are threatened by land abandonment and the consequent encroachment of shrubs and trees as well as by changing climatic conditions. In spite of their ecological and economic importance, the spatiotemporal variations of pasture production at the decadal-century scales over whole watersheds are poorly known. We used a physically based, spatially distributed ecohydrologic model applied to a 99.5 ha semiarid watershed in western Spain to investigate the sensitivity of pasture production to climate variability. The ecohydrologic model was run using a 300-year-long synthetic daily climate data set generated using a stochastic weather generator. The data set reproduced the range of climatic variations observed under the current climate. Results indicated that variation of pasture production largely depended on factors that also determined the availability of soil moisture such as the temporal distribution of precipitation, topography, and tree canopy cover. The latter is negatively related with production, reflecting the importance of rainfall and light interception, as well as water consumption by trees. Valley bottoms and flat areas in the lower parts of the catchment are characterized by higher pasture production but more interannual variability. A quantitative assessment of the quality of the simulations showed that ecohydrologic models are a valuable tool to investigate long-term (century scale) water and energy fluxes, as well as vegetation dynamics, in semiarid rangelands.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibáñez, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contador, J F Lavado</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández, M Pulido</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valderrama, J Martínez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A model-based integrated assessment of land degradation by water erosion in a valuable Spanish rangeland</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Modelling &amp; Software</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa rangeland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Integrated assessment model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land degradation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">System dynamics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201-213</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents an integrated assessment model aimed at evaluating land degradation by water erosion in dehesa rangelands in the Iberian Peninsula. The model is built following the system dynamics approach. The degradation risk is likened to the probability of losing a certain amount of soil within a number of years, as estimated over a great number of stochastic simulations. Complementary indicators are the average times needed to lose different amounts of soil over the simulations. A group of exogenous factors are ranked in order of importance. These factors are mainly climatic and economic and potentially affect soil erosion. Calibration is carried out for a typical dehesa defined over 22 working units selected from 10 representative farms distributed throughout the Spanish region of Extremadura. The degradation risk turns out to be moderate. The importance of climatic factors on soil erosion considerably exceeds that of those linked to human activities.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nunes, J P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seixas, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keizer, J J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modeling the response of within-storm runoff and erosion dynamics to climate change in two Mediterranean watersheds: A multi-model, multi-scale approach to scenario design and analysis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CATENA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean watersheds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">102</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27-39</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate change in the Mediterranean is expected to lead to lower total rainfall and soil moisture, together with higher storm intensities; different vegetation types are expected to react positively or negatively to these and other changes. Climate change could therefore have positive or negative impacts on runoff and soil erosion during storms, and previous research has indicated that the impacts could be different at the field, hillslope and catchment scales. This problem was assessed for two Mediterranean watersheds by a combined application of the PROMES regional climate model, the SWAT continuous hydrological and vegetation model, and the MEFIDIS storm runoff and erosion model. PROMES results were used to estimate changes to storm rainfall intensity, while SWAT was applied with the PROMES results to estimate changes to soil moisture and saturation deficit, as well as vegetation cover. The results from both models were used to generate scenarios of changes to storm intensity (increasing), saturation deficit (increasing) and vegetation cover (increasing according to vegetation type). These scenarios were used as input for the MEFIDIS model to study the impacts of these changes on runoff and soil erosion across spatial scales for a set of storms. The simulation results indicate that (i) the increase in saturation deficit and vegetation cover is sufficient, in many cases, to decrease or counterbalance the impacts of increased storm intensity on soil erosion at all spatial scales; (ii) catchment sediment yield is noticeably more sensitive to the climate change scenarios than within-watershed soil erosion, mostly due to the impacts of changes to saturation deficit and vegetation cover on connectivity; (iii) within the watershed, impacts on soil erosion vary with landcover type, with croplands suffering the most negative impacts.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nunes, J. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seixas, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keizer, J. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modeling the response of within-storm runoff and erosion dynamics to climate change in two Mediterranean watersheds: A multi-model, multi-scale approach to scenario design and analysis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CATENA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean watersheds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0341816211000725</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">102</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27 - 39</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate change in the Mediterranean is expected to lead to lower total rainfall and soil moisture, together with higher storm intensities; different vegetation types are expected to react positively or negatively to these and other changes. Climate change could therefore have positive or negative impacts on runoff and soil erosion during storms, and previous research has indicated that the impacts could be different at the field, hillslope and catchment scales. This problem was assessed for two Mediterranean watersheds by a combined application of the PROMES regional climate model, the SWAT continuous hydrological and vegetation model, and the MEFIDIS storm runoff and erosion model. PROMES results were used to estimate changes to storm rainfall intensity, while SWAT was applied with the PROMES results to estimate changes to soil moisture and saturation deficit, as well as vegetation cover. The results from both models were used to generate scenarios of changes to storm intensity (increasing), saturation deficit (increasing) and vegetation cover (increasing according to vegetation type). These scenarios were used as input for the MEFIDIS model to study the impacts of these changes on runoff and soil erosion across spatial scales for a set of storms. The simulation results indicate that (i) the increase in saturation deficit and vegetation cover is sufficient, in many cases, to decrease or counterbalance the impacts of increased storm intensity on soil erosion at all spatial scales; (ii) catchment sediment yield is noticeably more sensitive to the climate change scenarios than within-watershed soil erosion, mostly due to the impacts of changes to saturation deficit and vegetation cover on connectivity; (iii) within the watershed, impacts on soil erosion vary with landcover type, with croplands suffering the most negative impacts.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Ruiz, José M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lana-Renault, Noemí</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrological and erosive consequences of farmland abandonment in Europe, with special reference to the Mediterranean region – A review</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture, Ecosystems &amp; Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bench terrace ﬁelds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EUROPE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">farmland abandonment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Runoff generation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semiarid areas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167880911000041</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">140</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">317 - 338</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farmland abandonment is a major problem in parts of Europe, particularly in mountain areas and semiarid environments. In such places, farmland abandonment represents a signiﬁcant land use change from cropping to a complex of plant successions. The present study assesses the hydromorphological effects of land abandonment in Europe, and the consequences thereof with respect to water resource availability and soil erosion. The evolution of abandoned ﬁelds depends on (i) the time of abandonment; (ii) climatic conditions in the abandoned area; (iii) particular characteristics of the ﬁelds; (iv) the land management regimen following abandonment; and, (v) the role played by government policy. Throughout most of Europe, vegetation on abandoned farmland has evolved into dense forest or shrub. The expansion of vegetation explains, in part, the perceived decline in water resources, reductions in soil loss and sediment delivery, and the progressive improvement of soil characteristics. Such evolution has resulted in changing stream morphology, featuring narrowing and incision, and a decline in sedimentation level in Mediterranean reservoirs. The abandonment of bench terrace ﬁelds coincided with an increase in the occurrence of small landslides in the steps between terraces, as well as changes in the spatial organization of saturated areas. Plant colonization is slower in semiarid areas, increasing the development of soil crusts that reduce inﬁltration and increase overland ﬂow. Land policies with detailed capability are necessary to remediate the consequences of farmland abandonment in various European environments.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zucca, Claudio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canu, Annalisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Previtali, Franco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil degradation by land use change in an agropastoral area in Sardinia (Italy)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catena</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agropastoral practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BQI (Biological Quality Index)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microporosity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil organic carbon</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier B.V.</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46-54</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In recent decades the clearing of Mediterranean maquis along with the creation of new pastures has been a major factor of land degradation in Sardinia (Italy). This was due to an inadequate implementation of agricultural policies. Consequently, tillage and water erosion intensiﬁed over a wide area. The present work assesses the impacts of land use change on soil properties in a representative area of central-eastern Sardinia. Paired forest and pasture sampling sites were selected in relation to present land use, land suitability, and land use history. Different soil properties were considered: physical (sand, silt, clay, soil thickness, bulk density, and penetration resistance), chemical (pH, OC, N, C/N, Ca, Mg, Na, K, CEC, and BS), biological (BQI), and micromorphological (microporosity and microstructure). The comparison of forest and pasture soils showed a signiﬁcant soil loss (in terms of soil thickness, −22%), and a clear decrease in organic carbon storage (−64% on average). An increase in bulk density (+44%) and a change in microporosity and its vertical distribution were also observed, respectively by ﬁeld measurements and micromorphological quantiﬁcation on digital images.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bakker, Martha M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Govers, Gerard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Doorn, Anne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quetier, Fabien</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chouvardas, Dimitris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rounsevell, Mark</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The response of soil erosion and sediment export to land-use change in four areas of Europe: The importance of landscape pattern</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geomorphology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EUROPE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape pattern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">98</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">213-226</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The response of erosion and sediment export to past land-use change has been studied in four agricultural areas of Europe. Three of these areas were subject to land abandonment or de-intensification and one to intensification of land-use practices. Erosion and sediment yield were modeled using the WaTEM/SEDEM model, which combines the RUSLE equation with a sediment routing algorithm. Spatial relationships between the RUSLE C-factor (i.e. land-use) and other erosion and sediment exportdetermining factors (slope, soil erodibility and distance to rivers) were investigated, as these account for non-linearity in the response of erosion and sediment export to land-use change. Erosion and sediment export have decreased enormously in the de-intensified areas, but slightly increased in the intensively cultivated area. The spatial pattern of land-use change in relation to other erosion and sediment export-determining factors appears to have a large impact on the response of soil erosion and sediment export to land-use change. That the drivers of abandonment of arable land and erosion coincide indicates that de-intensification leads to a more favourable landscape pattern with respect to reduction of erosion and sediment export. This mechanism applies not only within the study areas, but also among the European study areas where the process of intensification of some areas and de-intensification of others might result in an overall decrease of erosion and sediment yield through time</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bakker, Martha M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Govers, Gerard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Doorn, Anne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quetier, Fabien</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chouvardas, Dimitris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rounsevell, Mark</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The response of soil erosion and sediment export to land-use change in four areas of Europe: The importance of landscape pattern</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geomorphology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EUROPE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape pattern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169555X07002292</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">98</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">213 - 226</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The response of erosion and sediment export to past land-use change has been studied in four agricultural areas of Europe. Three of these areas were subject to land abandonment or de-intensification and one to intensification of land-use practices. Erosion and sediment yield were modeled using the WaTEM/SEDEM model, which combines the RUSLE equation with a sediment routing algorithm. Spatial relationships between the RUSLE C-factor (i.e. land-use) and other erosion and sediment exportdetermining factors (slope, soil erodibility and distance to rivers) were investigated, as these account for non-linearity in the response of erosion and sediment export to land-use change. Erosion and sediment export have decreased enormously in the de-intensified areas, but slightly increased in the intensively cultivated area. The spatial pattern of land-use change in relation to other erosion and sediment export-determining factors appears to have a large impact on the response of soil erosion and sediment export to land-use change. That the drivers of abandonment of arable land and erosion coincide indicates that de-intensification leads to a more favourable landscape pattern with respect to reduction of erosion and sediment export. This mechanism applies not only within the study areas, but also among the European study areas where the process of intensification of some areas and de-intensification of others might result in an overall decrease of erosion and sediment yield through time</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>7</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kosmas, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsara, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moustakas, N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kosma, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yassoglou, N</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kepner, W G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubio, Jose L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouat, David A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedrazzini, F</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PART . VI Desertification Indicators and Forecasting Techniques ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS AND INDICATORS OF DESERTIFICATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification in the Mediterranean Region a Security Issue</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">desertification indicators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land use type</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water quality (voyant)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Netherlands</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">527-547</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification is the consequence of a series of important processes in the Mediterranean environments, especially in semi-arid and arid regions, where water is the main limiting factor of land use performance on ecosystems. Among the most important processes of desertification are soil erosion and salinization particularly affecting hilly areas and lowlands, respectively. Various methodologies have been developed in identifying and mapping environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) to desertification. Studies have shown that the various types of ESAs have different behavior on crop production, plant growth, grazing capacity, and soil erosion rates. For example, olive oil and cereal production decreased as the type of ESA changes from non-threatened to critical areas. Soil erosion measures have shown that soil erosion rates increased as the sensitivity of land to desertification increased. Loss in land productivity greatly affects farmer’s income and measures applied for protecting the land from further degradation and desertification. The necessity of elaborating indicators is one of the priorities identified by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). The use of indicators can generally simplify complex processes and provide appropriate tools for combating desertification. Indicators can be classified to those related a) to the physical environment (soil, vegetation, climate), b) to the land management (tillage operations, irrigation practices, animal density grazing the land, forest fire protection, erosion measures, etc), and c) to the socio-economic characteristics (farmer age, family size, farm size, subsidies, farmer income, etc). Indicators can be better used for defining land desertification risk if they are classified according to the land use type. For example important indicators for defining desertification risk for vineyards are related to land management as well as to land characteristics such as tillage operations, tillage direction, slope gradient, parent material, plant cover, etc. Studies, conducted in areas in which the main process of desertification was salinization, showed that important indicators for defining desertification risk were ground water depth, drainage, water quality, frequency of flooding, distance from the seashore, type of land use, rainfall, etc.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kosmas, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsara, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moustakas, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kosma, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yassoglou, N.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kepner, W. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubio, Jose L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouat, David A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedrazzini, F.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PART . VI Desertification Indicators and Forecasting Techniques ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS AND INDICATORS OF DESERTIFICATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification in the Mediterranean Region a Security Issue</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">desertification indicators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land use type</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water quality (voyant)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Netherlands</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">527 - 547</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification is the consequence of a series of important processes in the Mediterranean environments, especially in semi-arid and arid regions, where water is the main limiting factor of land use performance on ecosystems. Among the most important processes of desertification are soil erosion and salinization particularly affecting hilly areas and lowlands, respectively. Various methodologies have been developed in identifying and mapping environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) to desertification. Studies have shown that the various types of ESAs have different behavior on crop production, plant growth, grazing capacity, and soil erosion rates. For example, olive oil and cereal production decreased as the type of ESA changes from non-threatened to critical areas. Soil erosion measures have shown that soil erosion rates increased as the sensitivity of land to desertification increased. Loss in land productivity greatly affects farmer’s income and measures applied for protecting the land from further degradation and desertification. The necessity of elaborating indicators is one of the priorities identified by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). The use of indicators can generally simplify complex processes and provide appropriate tools for combating desertification. Indicators can be classified to those related a) to the physical environment (soil, vegetation, climate), b) to the land management (tillage operations, irrigation practices, animal density grazing the land, forest fire protection, erosion measures, etc), and c) to the socio-economic characteristics (farmer age, family size, farm size, subsidies, farmer income, etc). Indicators can be better used for defining land desertification risk if they are classified according to the land use type. For example important indicators for defining desertification risk for vineyards are related to land management as well as to land characteristics such as tillage operations, tillage direction, slope gradient, parent material, plant cover, etc. Studies, conducted in areas in which the main process of desertification was salinization, showed that important indicators for defining desertification risk were ground water depth, drainage, water quality, frequency of flooding, distance from the seashore, type of land use, rainfall, etc.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Desertification in the Mediterranean Region a Security Issue</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira, D Brum</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolução da paisagem de montado no Alentejo interior ao longo do século XX: dinâmica e incidências ambientais</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finisterra: Revista portuguesa de geografia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agricultural system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate modification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land use history</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montado landscape</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">179-193</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVOLUTION OF THE MONTADO LANDSCAPE IN THE INNER ALENTEJO DURING THE 20TH CENTURY. DYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES – This paper presents the general context within which the montado landscape changed in the inner Alentejo during the 20th century as well as some of the environmental consequences, such as soil degradation and modification of the local climate. In large areas nowadays abandoned, the landscape dynamics depends more on environmental limitations created by soil degradation that on purely socio-economical factors.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira, D. Brum</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolução da paisagem de montado no Alentejo interior ao longo do século XX: dinâmica e incidências ambientais</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finisterra: Revista portuguesa de geografia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agricultural system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate modification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land use history</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montado landscape</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=242159</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">179 - 193</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVOLUTION OF THE MONTADO LANDSCAPE IN THE INNER ALENTEJO DURING THE 20TH CENTURY. DYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES – This paper presents the general context within which the montado landscape changed in the inner Alentejo during the 20th century as well as some of the environmental consequences, such as soil degradation and modification of the local climate. In large areas nowadays abandoned, the landscape dynamics depends more on environmental limitations created by soil degradation that on purely socio-economical factors.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbancho, A. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bolinches, C.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grandal, A. and Pages</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of scale on surface runoff processes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CADERNOS DO LABORATORIO XEOLOXICO DE LAXE 21</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">surface runoff</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDICIOS CASTRO</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">91 - 102</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In a small catchment under the so-called dehesa landuse system, the production of surface runoff is investigated at different scales. This includes experiments with simulated rainfall at micro-plots, event-based measurements of overland flow at 17 open plots and 1 closed plot, and discharge production of the catchment and subcatchment. The runoff coefficients of the considered scales form two groups, with low values for the catchment and sub-catchment and high values for the microplots and hillslope plots. The results show that large part of runoff produced at the slopes is infiltrated afterwards at colluvial sites and the valley floors. Furthermore, they indicate the importance of studying at various scales in order to understand the hydrological processes operating in catchments.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: CADERNOS DO LABORATORIO XEOLOXICO DE LAXE 21&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: O CASTRO DE SAMOEDO, 15168 SADA, LA CORUNA, SPAIN</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbancho, A C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bolinches, C</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grandal, A and Pages, L</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of scale on surface runoff processes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CADERNOS DO LABORATORIO XEOLOXICO DE LAXE 21</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">scale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">surface runoff</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDICIOS CASTRO</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O CASTRO DE SAMOEDO, 15168 SADA, LA CORUNA, SPAIN</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">91-102</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In a small catchment under the so-called dehesa landuse system, the production of surface runoff is investigated at different scales. This includes experiments with simulated rainfall at micro-plots, event-based measurements of overland flow at 17 open plots and 1 closed plot, and discharge production of the catchment and subcatchment. The runoff coefficients of the considered scales form two groups, with low values for the catchment and sub-catchment and high values for the microplots and hillslope plots. The results show that large part of runoff produced at the slopes is infiltrated afterwards at colluvial sites and the valley floors. Furthermore, they indicate the importance of studying at various scales in order to understand the hydrological processes operating in catchments.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>