<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopez-Iglesias, Bárbara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villar, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poorter, Lourens</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional traits predict drought performance and distribution of Mediterranean woody species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional groups</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">functional traits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RGR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rooting depth</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10-18</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water availability is one of the key environmental factors that affect plant establishment and distribution. In many regions water availability will decline with climate change, exposing small seedlings to a greater likelihood of drought. In this study, 17 leaves, stem, root, and whole-plant traits of ten woody Mediterranean species were measured under favourable growing conditions and seedling drought survival was evaluated during a simulated dry-down episode. The aims of this study were: i) to assess drought survival of different species, ii) to analyse which functional traits predict drought survival time, and iii) to explain species distribution in the field, based on species drought survival and drought strategies. Drought survival time varied ten-fold across species, from 19 to 192 days. Across species, drought survival was positively related to the rooting depth per leaf area, i.e., the ability to acquire water from deeper soil layers while reducing transpiring leaf area. Drought survival time was negatively related to species ability to grow quickly, as indicated by high relative growth and net assimilation rates. Drought survival also explained species distribution in the field. It was found that species were sorted along a continuum, ranging between two contrasting species functional extremes based on functional traits and drought performance. One extreme consisted of acquisitive fast-growing deciduous species, with thin, soft metabolically active leaves, with high resource use and vulnerability to drought. The opposite extreme consisted of conservative slow-growing evergreen species with sclerophyllous leaves, deep roots, a low transpiring area, and low water use, resulting in high drought survival and drought tolerance. The results show that these drought strategies shape species distribution in this Mediterranean area.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delzon, Sylvain</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urli, Morgane</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samalens, Jean-Charles</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lamy, Jean-Baptiste</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lischke, Heike</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sin, Fabrice</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zimmermann, Niklaus E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porte, Annabel J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Field Evidence of Colonisation by Holm Oak, at the Northern Margin of Its Distribution Range, during the Anthropocene Period</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLOS ONE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">niche modelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A major unknown in the context of current climate change is the extent to which populations of slowly migrating species, such as trees, will track shifting climates. Niche modelling generally predicts substantial northward shifts of suitable habitats. There is therefore an urgent need for field-based forest observations to corroborate these extensive model simulations. We used forest inventory data providing presence/absence information from just over a century (1880-2010) for a Mediterranean species (Quercus ilex) in forests located at the northern edge of its distribution. The main goals of the study were (i) to investigate whether this species has actually spread into new areas during the Anthropocene period and (ii) to provide a direct estimation of tree migration rate. We show that Q. ilex has colonised substantial new areas over the last century. However, the maximum rate of colonisation by this species (22 to 57 m/year) was much slower than predicted by the models and necessary to follow changes in habitat suitability since 1880. Our results suggest that the rates of tree dispersion and establishment may also be too low to track shifts in bioclimatic envelopes in the future. The inclusion of contemporary, rather than historical, migration rates into models should improve our understanding of the response of species to climate change.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APSAPSThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laureano, Raquel G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Nogales, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seco, José I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez, Jesús G. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linares, Juan C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez, Feliciano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merino, José</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth and maintenance costs of leaves and roots in two populations of Quercus ilex native to distinct substrates</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant and Soil</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecotypes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen leaves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">growth respiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">maintenance respiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">root respiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sclerophylly</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11104-012-1296-2</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aims This work tests the hypothesis that growth and maintenance costs of plant organs are higher in more stressful soils. Methods Two populations of Quercus ilex L were selected in the southern Iberian Peninsula, these growing in similar climates but different soil types, namely a brown well-developed soil on slate rock, and a stressful lithosol on gypsum rock. In both localities, growth and maintenance respiration were measured in undetached young and mature leaves (trees under natural conditions) and fine roots (hydroponically grown seedling). Results Young leaves of the two populations displayed an almost identical growth cost (1.53 g glucose g -1 ). The maintenance cost was higher in the young (40.2 vs. 25.3 mg glucose g -1 day -1 ; P&lt;0.05) and in the mature (7.64 vs. 4.33 mg glucose g -1 day -1 ; P&lt;0.001) leaves of individuals growing in gypsum soils. The growth cost of fine roots was the same in both populations (1.18 g glucose g -1 ) while the maintenance cost was higher in the Gypsum population (8.95 vs. 7.39 mg glucose g -1 day -1 ; P&lt;0.01). Conclusions The results show for first time that the cost of organ maintenance may be related to the degree of soil stress in their native habitats.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laureano, Raquel G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lazo, Yalín O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linares, Juan C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luque, Alfredo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez, Feliciano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seco, José I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merino, José</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The cost of stress resistance: construction and maintenance costs of leaves and roots in two populations of Quercus ilex</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen leaves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">growth respiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">maintenance respiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">respiration–nitrogen re- lationships</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">root respiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sclerophylly</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1721-1728</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We tested whether growth and maintenance costs of plant organs vary with environmental stress. Quercus ilex L. seedlings from acorns collected from natural populations in the northern Iberian Peninsula and in a lower elevation and putatively less stressful habitat in the southern Iberian Peninsula were grown in pots under the same conditions. Growth and maintenance respiration were measured by CO2 exchange. Young leaves from 5-month-old seedlings of both populations had similar mean specific leaf areas, nitrogen and carbon concentrations and specific growth rates, and almost identical growth costs (1.26 g glucose g−1). Leaf maintenance cost was higher in northern than in the southern population (27.3 versus 22.4 mg glucose g−1 day−1, P &lt; 0.01). In both populations, leaf maintenance cost decreased by 90% as leaves aged, but even in mature leaves, the maintenance cost was higher in the northern population than in the southern population (3.38 versus 2.53 mg glucose g−1 day−1, P &lt; 0.01). The growth costs of fine roots &lt; 1 mm in diameter were similar in the two populations (1.20 g glucose g−1), whereas fine root maintenance cost was higher in the northern population than in the southern population (9.86 versus 7.45 mg glucose g−1 day−1; P &lt; 0.05). The results suggest that the cost of organ maintenance is related to the severity of environmental stress in the native habitat. Because the observed differences in both leaves and roots were constitutive, the two populations may be considered ecotypes.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/28.11.1721</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/28.11.1721</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Plazaola, José Ignacio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esteban, Raquel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hormaetxe, Koldobika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-Marín, Beatriz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Becerril, José Maria</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photoprotective responses of Mediterranean and Atlantic trees to the extreme heat-wave of summer 2003 in Southwestern Europe</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">á summer 2003</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidants á heat-wave á</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heat-wave</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean species á photoprotection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photoprotection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">summer 2003</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00468-007-0199-yhttp://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s00468-007-0199-y</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">385 - 392</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Summer 2003 was extremely hot in Europe. High light in combination with heat and drought exacerbates the generation of photo-oxidative stress. Under these conditions photoprotective responses can be critical for plant survival. Photoprotection was analysed in 2003 in several Mediterranean and Atlantic woody species. These data were compared with previous summers (1998, 1999 and 2001) to evaluate the potential acclimation for each species. A pattern of changes consisting on a decrease in chlorophyll, ascorbate and Fv/Fm and an increase in tocopherol, xanthophyll cycle pigments (VAZ) and deepoxidation index was regularly observed. Acclimation potential was measured by the use of the plasticity index for each parameter. Mediterranean species were more plastic than Atlantic ones. The latter were unable to increase antioxidant pools to the same extent or to downregulate the efﬁciency of light energy conversion. These results indicate that most Mediterranean species are able to perform an efﬁcient acclimation to heat stress, whilst Atlantic species will be more affected by climate warming.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Plazaola, José Ignacio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esteban, Raquel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hormaetxe, Koldobika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-Marín, Beatriz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Becerril, José Maria</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photoprotective responses of Mediterranean and Atlantic trees to the extreme heat-wave of summer 2003 in Southwestern Europe</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">á summer 2003</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidants á heat-wave á</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heat-wave</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean species á photoprotection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photoprotection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">summer 2003</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">385-392</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Summer 2003 was extremely hot in Europe. High light in combination with heat and drought exacerbates the generation of photo-oxidative stress. Under these conditions photoprotective responses can be critical for plant survival. Photoprotection was analysed in 2003 in several Mediterranean and Atlantic woody species. These data were compared with previous summers (1998, 1999 and 2001) to evaluate the potential acclimation for each species. A pattern of changes consisting on a decrease in chlorophyll, ascorbate and Fv/Fm and an increase in tocopherol, xanthophyll cycle pigments (VAZ) and deepoxidation index was regularly observed. Acclimation potential was measured by the use of the plasticity index for each parameter. Mediterranean species were more plastic than Atlantic ones. The latter were unable to increase antioxidant pools to the same extent or to downregulate the efﬁciency of light energy conversion. These results indicate that most Mediterranean species are able to perform an efﬁcient acclimation to heat stress, whilst Atlantic species will be more affected by climate warming.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez-Aparicio, LORENA</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valladares, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zamora, Regino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luis Quero, José</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Response of tree seedlings to the abiotic heterogeneity generated by nurse shrubs: an experimental approach at different scales</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecography</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">abiotic factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microhabitat (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nurse shrubs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil conditions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Munksgaard International Publishers</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">757-768</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatial heterogeneity of abiotic factors influences patterns of seedling establishment at different scales. In stress-prone ecosystems such as Mediterranean ones, heterogeneity generated by shrubs has been shown to facilitate the establishment of tree species. However, how this facilitation is affected by spatial scale remains poorly understood. We have experimentally analysed the consequences of the abiotic heterogeneity generated by pioneer shrubs on survival, growth and physiology of seedlings of three important tree species from Mediterranean mountains (Acer opalus ssp. granatense, Quercus pyrenaica and Quercus ilex). Patterns of abiotic heterogeneity and seedling performance were studied at two scales differing in grain: 1) the microhabitat scale, by using open interspaces as controls of the effect of different shrub species, and 2) the microsite scale, analysing the effects of fine-grain heterogeneity (within-microhabitat heterogeneity). Results showed that, at the microhabitat scale, seedling establishment of the three tree species significantly benefited from the modification of the abiotic environment by nurse shrubs. However, we found shrub-seedling interactions to be species-specific, due to differential modification of both aboveground (light availability) and belowground (soil compaction, water content, and fertility) abiotic factors by nurse shrub species. Heterogeneity at the within-microhabitat scale was rather high, although it did not significantly affect seedling performance of any of the tree species. The study demonstrates that the effects of the abiotic heterogeneity generated by shrubs are not consistent across the range of spatial scales considered. The regeneration niche of tree species becomes very complex at fine spatial scales, and thereby estimators of abiotic heterogeneity are valuable descriptors of spatial patterns of seedling establishment only when microsite “noise” is averaged out at greater scales.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gillon, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dauriac, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deshayes, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valette, J C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moro, C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estimation of foliage moisture content using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">foliage moisture content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">infrared spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">statistical calibration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">124</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51-62</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study explored the relationships between the initial moisture content of leaves and their spectral properties when dry. Foliage moisture content (FMC in % dry-weight (DW)) was measured in 864 samples of eight common Mediterranean tree and shrub species from two sites during the summers of 2001 and 2002. All samples were dried, ground and scanned using a near infrared reﬂectance spectrophotometer. There were close relationships between FMC and foliage absorbance in the 400–2500 nm spectral range. Calibrations involving search for predictive relationships between spectral data and FMC were performed using partial least squares (PLS) regression that took into account all the spectral information. Calibration on FMC in each species from each year was predictive when a sufﬁciently large range of FMC values were available (R 2 = 0.93–0.99, standard error of cross-validation (SECV) = 2–7%). Moreover, calibration on FMC in all species combined, for each year or for both years together, was also predictive (R 2 = 0.92–0.95, SECV = 7%). It was thus possible to estimate the initial moisture content of a fresh foliage sample from its spectral characteristics when dried, whatever the species. However, mean foliage spectral absorbance changed from 1 year to the other. Consequently, FMC in leaf samples from each year was not estimated with accuracy when using the calibration established on samples from the other year but was accurately estimated when using the calibration established on samples from both years together. These close relations between dried foliage spectral data and FMC meant that some biochemical properties of the leaves associated with the changes in leaf water status caused changes in spectral reﬂectance which was preserved in the dried samples.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibrahima, Adamou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joffre, Richard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gillon, Dominique</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changes in litter during the initial leaching phase: an experiment on the leaf litter of Mediterranean species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil biology and biochemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litter decomposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water availability (voyant)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">931-939</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A laboratory experiment was carried out with the litter of 7 Mediterranean species of plants to compare their mass losses during the initial leaching phase of decomposition. To this end, the leaf and needle litter of deciduous, marcescent (deciduous species in which the withered leaves remain on the tree. for several months) and evergreen broad-leaved species and pine was immersed for 10 days in demineralized water, in the dark at 22°C. Samples were taken at 1,6, 24,72, 168 and 240 h. Depending on the species, the litter lost between ‘T-15% of initial dry mass, and water content values were between 130-360% of dry mass. The water absorption rate was positively correlated with the initial cellulose content of the litter and negatively correlated wil:h the initial leaf density, but the water content at the end of the experiment, the leaching rate and the total mass loss were uncorrelated with any of the initial litter characteristics studied. For 100 g of litter at the start (as dry matter), the losses after 240 h of immersion in water were, when they were significant, 5-8 g of C, 70-l 30 mg of N (significant for 3 species), 4-40 mg of soluble sugars and 3 g of inorganic elements (significant for only 2 species). In contrast, the quantities of lignin and cellulose in the litter remained unchanged. Most of the leaching losses (SCrSO%) therefore consisted of C. During leaching, the litter showed a tendency to become more concentrated in cellulose and lignin and poorer in sugars. Pine needle litter was distinguished by its low water absorption and low mass loss during leaching. In general, the litters of deciduous species were more absorbent than the litters of evergreen species. In contrast, the losses of water-soluble substances were not significantly different between these 2 groups of litters. In the broad-leaved species, the losses of water-soluble substances were slower and 2-3 times lower, compared to results already published for species from mesic biomes</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lillis, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fontanella, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparative phenology and growth in different species of the Mediterranean maquis of central Italy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrient use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenomorphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water use</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99-100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83-96</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A phenomorphological survey was carried out in central Italy to study the effects of increasing water stress on some characteristic species of the Mediterranean maquis. Nutrient content and leaf water potential were examined. The results show that three different groups exist which diverge in the mod- ulation of growth activity. 1) Evergreen sclerophyllous species (e.g. Pistacia lentiscus, Phillyrea media, Arbutus unedo, Ruscus aculeatus), which were supposed to be drought-tolerant, in fact limited their growth activity to a brief period before aridity increased. A similar growth pattern was exhibited by those spe- cies (e.g. Quercus ilex, Erica arborea, Smi/ax aspera) that stopped producing new leaves and branches during the driest season and that recovered after the first rain; i.e., their growth period lasted longer. 2) Drought-deciduous species (e.g. Calicotonw villosa) that adopted the drought-avoidance strategy had two vegetative periods interrupted by a phase during which they completely shed their leaves. 3) Semi- deciduous species (Cistus monspeliensis) with mesophitic leaves adopted an intermediate response. These grew even in the dry and cold season.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acherar, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparative water relations of four Mediterranean oak species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water-potential</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water-stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/h7524hw511346775.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99-100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">177 - 184</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The water relations and responses of two evergreen (Quercus ilex L. and Q. suber L.) and two decidu- ous (S. afares Pomel. and Q. faginea Will.) Quercus species were studied under experimental conditions. Two-year old seedlings grown in 30 1. pots were subjected to a drying period during which stomatal conductance, pre-dawn potential and minimum foliar potential were measured. The results shows that, for all species, the daily course of stomatal conductance agrees with the patterns proposed by Hinckley et al. (1978 &amp; 1983). Concurrent with the species responses to short-term variation in water availability, it was found that pre-dawn leaf water potential controlled the maximum daily leaf conductance. There was a strong correlation between pre-dawn leaf potential and maximum daily conductance as described by the reciprocal function g ........ = ( -0.47 + 2.61.~bp) 1 for the evergreen oaks and g ......... (-1.94+7.39.~bp) 1 for the deciduous species. These differences between the two groups may partialy explain their geograhic distributions, and suggest general questions concerning the mechanisms which optimize water-use efficiency in Mediterranean oak species.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1930</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acherar, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rambal, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lepart, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Évolution du potentiel hydrique foliaire et de la conductance stomatique de quatre chênes méditerranéens lors d'une période de dessèchement</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">deciduous</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water potential</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">561-573</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of soil drying on leaf water potential and stomatal conductance in four Mediterranean oak species. The water relations and the responses of 2 evergreen Quercus species (Quercus ilex L and Q suber L) and 2 deciduous species (Q afares Pomel and Q faginea Willd) were studied under experimental conditions. Two-yr old seedlings grown in 30-1 pots were subjected to a drying period where stomatal conductance, pre-dawn leaf water potential and minimum leaf water potential were measured. The results show that, for all species, the daily course of stomatal conductance agrees with the patterns proposed by Hinckley et al (1978, 1983). Concurrent with the species responses to short-term variation in water availability, it was found that pre-dawn leaf water potential controlled the maximum daily leaf conductance. There was a strong correlation between pre-dawn leaf potential and maximum daily conductance (gsr max) as described by the reciprocal function gsr max = (-0.47 + 2.61 ψb)-1 for the evergreen oaks and gsr max = (-1.94 + 7.39 ψb)-1 for the deciduous ones. The differences between the 2 groups may partially explain their geographic distributions, and also lead to general questions concerning the mechanisms of water use in the Mediterranean oak species.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>