<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Şen, Ali</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van den Bulcke, Jan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Defoirdt, Nele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van Acker, Joris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermal behaviour of cork and cork components</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermochimica Acta</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DSC</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus cerris</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TGA</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040603114000902</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">582</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">94 - 100</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermal behaviour of cork and cork chemical components was studied with coupled differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetrical analysis (DSC-TGA) in order to gain insight into the role of the chemical components on the thermal degradation of cork. Cork samples of Turkey oak (Quercus cerris) and cork oak (Quercus suber) were chemically treated to selectively remove inorganic material, extractives and suberin, to allow characterization of klason lignin and methanolysis-depolymerized suberin. Since Q. cerris cork granulates contain phloemic impurities, phloem from Q. cerris bark was also subjected to the same treatments as cork. The thermal decomposition of both cork species is similar, starting above 200°C and increasing with increasing temperature until ashing at approximately 485°C. TGA curves of both corks are almost identical but a detailed view on the differential thermogravimetry (DTG) and DSC curves shows that the two materials differ from each other. Two exothermal devolatilization and char combustion reactions occur, peaking at approximately 313°C and 445°C. These peak temperatures shift to lower temperatures in suberin-free and extractive-free corks giving evidence of the heat retarding effect of suberin and extractives and possible catalytic effect of inorganics in desuberinised cork. Phloem thermal degradation is similar to that of cork although exothermal peak temperatures are higher. Phloem-containing Q. cerris cork granulates thus show clear potential for high temperature applications.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dias, Adriana Neves</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simão, Vanessa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merib, Josias</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carasek, Eduardo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork as a new (green) coating for solid-phase microextraction: Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analytica Chimica Acta</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC–MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PAHs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solid-phase microextraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water samples</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003267013002377</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">772</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33 - 39</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new fiber for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was prepared employing cork as a coating. The morphology and composition of the cork fiber was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The proposed fiber was used for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in river water samples by gas chromatography–selected ion monitoring–mass spectrometry (GC–SIM–MS). A central composite design was used for optimization of the variables involved in the extraction of PAHs from water samples. The optimal extraction conditions were extraction time and temperature of 60 min and 80 °C, respectively. The detection and quantification limits were 0.03 and 0.1 μg L−1, respectively. The recovery values were between 70.2 and 103.2% and the RSD was ≤15.7 (n = 3). The linear range was 0.1–10 μg L−1 with r ≥ 0.96 and the fiber-to-fiber reproducibility showed RSD ≤ 18.6% (n = 5). The efficiency of the cork fiber was compared with commercially available fibers and good results were achieved, demonstrating the applicability and great potential of cork as a coating for SPME.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alcântara, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teixeira-Dias, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paulino, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork composites for the absorption of impact energy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Composite Structures</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cellular materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Composite materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy absorption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finite elements method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Numerical simulation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0263822312003431</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">95</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16 - 27</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this article the authors analyse the characteristics, properties and behaviour of a new composite material, called Core-Y, resulting from the combination of granular cork and an epoxy resin. This article comprises three main parts. The ﬁrst describes the manufacturing process of Core-Y. The second develops an experimental study of the material based on quasi-static axial compression test on cylindrical specimens of Core-Y. The results of the experimental tests are presented and analysed and the essential mechanical properties are determined. The third part presents a study of constitutive and numerical modelling, based on the experimental results. The main objective of this numerical study is to analyse the energy absorption capacity of metallic tubular structures incorporating Core-Y, aiming to study new applications for this composite material. A numerical model to simulate the tubular structures tested experimentally is developed, implemented and validated, using the ﬁnite element analysis software Abaqus. The overall results anticipate interesting expectations in terms of lightweight cork based composite materials and systems.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De-Carvalho, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teixeira-Dias, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Varum, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cyclic behaviour of a lightweight mortar with cork granulate composite</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Composite Structures</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Composite material</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cyclical tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy dissipation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mortar</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seismic protection</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0263822312004096</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">95</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">748 - 755</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents an experimental analysis of the cyclical behaviour of a novel composite material made from a traditional mortar with incorporation of granulated cork. This material is hereby designated by CorBe. Specimens with 0%, 15% and 30% of cork addition, in volume of the mixture, were prepared and tested. Four types of cork with different cork grain sizes were used on each volume fraction. In order to characterise the cyclical behaviour of this composite material, cyclic uniaxial and diagonal compression tests were carried out. The energy dissipation capacity of these mortars was also studied. Obtained results evidenced that, for the whole set of mortars studied, there is a clear tendency for the improvement of performance when cork granulates are added, either for cyclic uniaxial or for diagonal compression loadings. The overall results prove the advantages of the application of CorBe in structural elements aimed for energy dissipation. Furthermore, the rupture mechanisms under cyclical loadings of this composite material were also analysed and discussed.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mestre, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vogtlander, Joost</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eco-efficient value creation of Cork Products: an LCA-based method for Design Intervention</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Cleaner Production</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eco-costs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eco-design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eco-efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LCA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959652613002540</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">101 - 114</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork, a natural, recyclable, non-toxic and renewable resource, which stems from the bark of a cork oak in the Mediterranean cork forest (Montado), is an excellent material for Sustainable Product Design. This article describes a project, developed for the Portuguese Cork Industry, on the sustainable innovation of cork products, using the method of “Design Interventions” for new product development, combined with the method of “Eco-efficient Value Creation”. Design Intervention is a method to generate innovative products in a structured way with a team of designers, focussing on maximum customer perceived value. The method has four levels: project strategic level, concept development level, design implementation level and product diffusion level. It includes workshops, combined with work in the design studios of the individual designers. The design concepts are analysed with respect to sustainability, and the market value of the prototypes are tested. Eco-efficient value creation is LCA based method with a double objective: 1. reduce the eco-burden of a product (and/or service), and at the same time, 2. enhance the customer perceived value. In this method, the combination of customer perceived value and eco-burden of the product is optimised, aiming at a high level of eco-effectiveness. The eco-burden is determined by means of Life Cycle Assessment (according to ISO 14040/44). The customer perceived value is determined by the price of the product in the market. The project showed that this two dimensional approach, generated good results: 27 out of the 36 new designs ended up with better characteristics (lower eco-costs at a higher value) than their reference products. Products have been exhibited in several international cities, and are sold in design shops</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anjos, Ofélia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigues, Cátia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morais, José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of Density on the Compression Behaviour of Cork</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Materials &amp; Design</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Compression</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Density</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dimensional recovery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young’s modulus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261306913006663</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The compression properties of cork were studied for samples of different density. The densities were grouped into three classes: low density (0.13-0.15), mid density (0.15-0.19) and high density (0.19-0.25). The porosity of the cork samples increased from the low to the high density class, with porosity coefficients of 5.1%, 6.9% and 9.4% respectively. The difference in the porosity was associated with structural features, namely the presence of thick walled cork cells and the presence of lignified cells lining the pores. The stress-strain curves were similar for all cases, showing an elastic compression up to a yield point of about 5% strain, followed by a plateau with a small slope. The cork strength was higher in the radial direction than in the other directions. The density influenced the compression such that the corks with high density presented higher stiffness in compression in three directions: Young’s modulus was 17.4, 22.6 and 26.1 MPa for low, mid and high density corks respectively. This density effect was more evident in the plateau region of the progressive buckling of the cell walls (σ30 was respectively 1.07, 1.29 and 1.54 MPa for the three density classes). The recovery of dimensions after compression in each direction was also studied following compression to 50% strain. The recovery was on average 50% of the initial deformation on the first day, and almost total after 15 days. The recovery was higher for corks with low density and in non radial directions.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brazinha, Carla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fonseca, Ana P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teodoro, Orlando M. N. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crespo, João G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gas transport through cork: Modelling gas permeation based on the morphology of a natural polymer material</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Membrane Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gas permeation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knudsen transport</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural polymers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">solubility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solution–diffusion model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0376738812007636</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">428</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52 - 62</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural polymers have been studied during the last years for the transport and separation of liquid and gas mixtures, in terms of solubility and permeability data, and their structure and mechanical properties have been characterised. However, no transport models have been reported, relating transport with the material morphology. Cork is a natural cellular material containing three structural polymers (suberin, lignin and polysaccharides). Cork is considered a natural polymer, with economic relevance due to its sealing, non-toxic, stable and low-density properties. Cork was characterised in this work in terms of its solubility and permeability data in relation to various gases with different molecular mass: He, O2, N2, CO2 and 1,1,1,2-tetraﬂuoroethane (R134a). A morphological analysis of the structure of the cork sample chosen in this work was also performed using SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscope) image analysis, which took into account the variation of each relevant structural parameter. A transport model was developed supported on the morphology of cork characterised in this work. The transport model developed considers that gas permeation occurs through the plasmodesmata, which are channels with approximately 100 nm of diameter that cross the cell walls of the cork cells. It was found that gas transport follows a Knudsen mechanism, as proved by the gas permeability behaviour with increasing gas molecular mass, with a negligible contribution of viscous transport to the total ﬂux.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandes, Emanuel M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mano, João F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reis, Rui L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hybrid cork–polymer composites containing sisal fibre: Morphology, effect of the fibre treatment on the mechanical properties and tensile failure prediction</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Composite Structures</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extrusion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fibre reinforced plastic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hybrid composites</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mechanical behaviour</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymer–matrix composites (PMCs)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263822313002225</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">105</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">153 - 162</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study, we investigated the use of short sisal fibre with and without polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) as a strategy to reinforce cork–polymer composite (CPC) materials. The use of alkali treatment of sisal to improve fibre–matrix adhesion was evaluated. High density polyethylene (HDPE) was used as matrix and the composites were produced in a two-step process using twin-screw extruder followed by compression moulding. FTIR, TGA and XRD were used to confirm the sisal fibre modification. Additionally, morphology, density, diameter and tensile properties of the fibres were evaluated before processing. The hybrid composites containing cork powder (40 wt.%) and randomly distributed sisal fibres were evaluated in terms of morphology and mechanical properties. The use of a 10 wt.% sisal fibre in the presence of a 2 wt.% coupling agent based on maleic anhydride, has shown to improve the tensile and flexural properties of the composites. The higher mechanical properties were achieved by using alkali treated sisal fibres and PE-g-MA. In the presence of the coupling agent the composite morphology revealed good interfacial adhesion between the natural components and the polypropylene matrix, being in accordance with the mechanical results. Weibull cumulative distribution was successfully used to accurately predict the tensile strength failure of the hybrid CPC materials.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fonseca, Ana Luisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brazinha, Carla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crespo, João G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teodoro, Orlando M. N. D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Permeability of Cork for Water and Ethanol</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diffusion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">permeability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sealing properties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sorption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water transport</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf4015729</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9672 - 9679</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transport properties of natural (noncompressed) cork were evaluated for water and ethanol in both vapor and liquid phases. The permeability for these permeants has been measured, as well as the sorption and diffusion coefficients. This paper focuses on the differences between the transport of gases? relevant vapors and their liquids (water and ethanol) through cork. A transport mechanism of vapors and liquids is proposed. Experimental evidence shows that both vapors and liquids permeate not only through the small channels across the cells (plasmodesmata), as in the permeation of gases, but also through the walls of cork cells by sorption and diffusion as in dense membranes. The present study also shows that cork permeability for gases was irreversibly and drastically decreased after cork samples were exposed to ethanol or water in liquid phase.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1021/jf4015729doi: 10.1021/jf4015729The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: American Chemical Society</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environ, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Role of Chemical Components of cork on Sorption of Aqueous Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Environmental Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biopolymers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">extractable fraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organic pollutants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PAHs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">225 - 234</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In order to know the environmental behaviour of toxic pollutants it is fundamental to understand the role of chemical components of a material on sorption of such pollutants.In this study, the sorption of a mix of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by cork fractions (i.e. raw cork (CF), free extractive cork (FEF) and nonsaponifiable (DESF)) has been investigated to better understand the role of biopolymers and extractable fraction of cork on their sorption behaviour. All samples were analyzed through elemental analysis and were examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. After removing the extractable fraction and the suberin from the cork, the sorption capacities (Koc ) of FEF and DESF exhibited mean reductions of 70% and 30% respectively. In addition, the sorption results of three pairs of cork samples with different chemical content confirm that the extractable fraction serves as the major sorption medium for PAHs. Considering only low molecular weight PAHs positive correlations between Koc with Kow (R2 =0.70) and F number (R2 =0.65) were found, showing that these parameters are involved in this adsorption process</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costa, Augusta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drying kinetics of cork planks in a cork pile in the field</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food and Bioproducts Processing</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">empirical drying models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moisture content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">moisture ratio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural sun drying</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960308512000624</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 - 9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moisture content is one important parameter in the trading of raw cork planks after harvesting. This study presents a mathematical modeling of the drying curve of raw cork planks in a cork pile in the ﬁeld, under natural sun drying conditions. Experimental data were obtained by following the water loss (i.e. by daily weighing) of 97 cork planks positioned in nine points within a cork pile. Immediately after harvesting, the raw cork planks had a mean moisture content in a dry basis of 40.4% and after 20-day drying 16.6%. The drying process of the cork planks showed three phases: drying was very fast in the ﬁrst 2 days; in the next 2–15 days there was a decreasing drying rate; and a ﬁnal phase, after 15 days in the cork pile, with a slightly decreasing drying rate. Mathematical modeling provided a direct relation between moisture content and drying time. After comparing sixteen empirical drying models, the Modiﬁed Henderson and Pabis model showed the best ﬁt. According to this model, the cork planks are commercial dry (14% moisture content in a wet basis) 15 days after harvest.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Institution of Chemical Engineers</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbosa, a Q.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">da Silva, L. F. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Öchsner, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abenojar, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">del Real, J. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of the Size and Amount of Cork Particles on the Impact Toughness of a Structural Adhesive</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Journal of Adhesion</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adhesive</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mechanical properties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surface treatment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00218464.2012.660811http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2012.660811</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">88</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">452 - 470</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The inclusion of particles (nano or micro) is a method to improve the mechanical properties, such as toughness, of structural adhesives. Structural adhesives are known for their high strength and stiffness but also for their low ductility and toughness. There are many processes described in the literature to increase the toughness, one of the most common being the use of rubber particles. In the present study, natural micro particles of cork were used with the objective to increase the impact resistance of a brittle epoxy adhesive. The idea is for the cork particles to act like crack stoppers and absorb impact leading to higher absorption of energy. The influence of the cork particle size and amount were studied. Particles of cork ranging from 38 to 250 µm were mixed in the epoxy adhesive Araldite? 2020 from Huntsman. The amount of cork in the adhesive was varied between 1 and 5% by weight. Surface treatment (low pressure plasma) was applied to the cork powder to assess the effect of the interaction adhesive-cork with several degrees of adhesion. This evaluation was made using impact tests and it was evident that impact absorption was related to the size and amount of cork particles in the resin, considering a uniform particle distribution.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Duplicate 2 (Influence of the Size and Amount of Cork Particles on the Impact Toughness of a Structural Adhesive - Barbosa, A Q; da Silva, L F M; Öchsner, A; Abenojar, J; del Real, J C)From Duplicate 2 (Influence of the Size and Amount of Cork Particles on the Impact Toughness of a Structural Adhesive - Barbosa, A Q; da Silva, L F M; Öchsner, A; Abenojar, J; del Real, J C)The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira, Rui</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, Helga</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sousa, Andreia F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petkovic, Marija</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lamosa, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freire, Carmen S. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvestre, Armando J. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rebelo, Luís Paulo N. Luis Paulo N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Cristina Silva</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suberin isolation from cork using ionic liquids: characterisation of ensuing products</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Journal of Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cholinium alkanoates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberinic materials (voyant)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=c2nj40433hhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C2NJ40433H</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cholinium alkanoates, a class of benign ionic liquids, were demonstrated to efficiently extract suberin domains from cork. A detailed characterisation of the extracted material has yet to be attained. In the present study the significance of the alkylic chain length of the anion and the ionic liquid's basicity was investigated. The results obtained emphasise cholinium hexanoate's selection; it proved to be a straightforward process, also ensuring the recyclability and reusability of the ionic liquid. The extracted suberinic material has been thoroughly characterised for the first time by ATR-FTIR, NMR, GC-MS and thermal analyses. Data showed that it is mainly composed of oligomeric or polymeric aliphatic esterified structures, resulting from suberin partial cleavage. More than 40 wt% of the extracted suberinic material was found to be cross-linked. Even though, the composing monomeric units were similar to those usually identified in suberin samples obtained by the conventional extraction processes. These data pave the way for advanced studies of suberin monomers/oligomers as building-blocks for the development of novel biopolymers and biomaterials.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: The Royal Society of Chemistry</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandes, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sousa, André</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mateus, Nuno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cabral, Miguel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Freitas, Victor</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of phenolic compounds in cork from Quercus suber L. by HPLC–DAD/ESI–MS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ellagitannins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavanoellagitannins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LC-DAD/ESI-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolic compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030881461001263X</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">125</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1398 - 1405</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the present work was to identify the extractable phenolic compounds present in cork from Quercus suber L. The structures of thirty three compounds were tentatively identiﬁed by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC–DAD/ESI–MS). The majority of those compounds were gallic acid derivatives, in the form of either galloyl esters of glucose (gallotannins), combinations of galloyl and hexahydroxydiphenoyl esters of glucose (ellagitannins), dehydrated tergallic-C-glucosides or ellagic acid derivatives. Others were found to correspond to low molecular weight phenolic compounds, like acids and aldehydes. Mongolicain, a ﬂavanoellagitannin in which hydrolysable tannin and ﬂavan-3-ol moieties are connected through a carbon–carbon linkage, was also detected in cork from Q. suber L. The results illustrate the rich array of phenolic compounds present in cork.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barreto, M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boas, L. Vilas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carneiro, L. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rom, M. V. San</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vilas Boas, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">San Romão, M. V.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volatile Compounds in Samples of Cork and also Produced by Selected Fungi</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2.4.6-trichloroanisole</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6-trichloroanisole</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fungi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">volatile compounds</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf200560e</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6568 - 6574</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The production of volatile compounds by microbial communities of cork samples taken during the cork manufacturing process was investigated. The majority of volatiles were found in samples collected at two stages: resting after the ﬁrst boiling and nontreated cork disks. Volatile proﬁles produced by microbiota in both stages are similar. The releasable volatile compounds and 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) produced in cork-based culture medium by ﬁve isolated fungal species in pure and mixed cultures were also analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The results showed that 1-octen-3-ol and esters of fatty acids (medium chain length C8C20) were the main volatile compounds produced by either pure fungal species or their mixture. Apparently,Penicillium glabrum is the main contributor to the overall volatile composition observed in the mixed culture. The production of releasable TCA on cork cannot be attributed to any of the assayed fungal isolates.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: American Chemical Society</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cansado, Isabel P. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mourao, Paulo A. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ribeiro Carrott, Manuela L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrott, Peter J. M.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DeBrito, PSD and Gomez</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Activated Carbons Prepared from Natural and Synthetic Raw Materials with Potential Applications in Gas Separations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon Molecular Sieve</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CVD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methane</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PET</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">107</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 - 7</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-0-87849-277-0</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A carbon molecular sieve for the purification of a gas mixtures containing O(2), N(2) and CO(2), CH(4) was produced from a waste granulated PET by means of a single carbonisation step at 973 K. Activated carbon materials presenting good adsorption capacity and some selectivity for O(2)/N(2) and CO(2)/CH(4) were prepared from granulated PET and cork oak with pore mouth narrowing using CVD from benzene. The diffusion coefficients of O(2), N(2), CO(2) and CH(4) in these materials were calculated and are comparable to published values determined on Takeda 3A and on a carbon molecular sieve prepared from PET textile fibres by means of carbonisation and subsequent CVD with benzene. However, the selectivities were not quite as good as those given by Takeda 3A. However, taking into account that this is a first attempt at producing CMS from PET, the results are encouraging, and it is to be expected that further development of the experimental procedure will result in new materials with improved performance.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, Helga</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira, Rui</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petkovic, Marija</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferguson, Jamie L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leitão, Maria C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunaratne, H. Q. Nimal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seddon, Kenneth R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rebelo, Luís Paulo N. Luis Paulo N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva Pereira, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leitão, Maria C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dissolution of cork biopolymers in biocompatible ionic liquids</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Green Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork biopolymers dissolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ionic liquids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberin (voyant)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B922553Fhttp://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=b922553f</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Classically, the best attempts to separate suberin from cork biopolymers have resulted in low efficiency; here, we report a class of biocompatible and biodegradable cholinium-based ionic liquids, the cholinium alkanoates, which show a highly efficient and specific dissolution of the suberin domains from cork biopolymers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: The Royal Society of Chemistry</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chatonnet, Pascal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fleury, Antoine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boutou, Stephane</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Origin and Incidence of 2-Methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, a Compound with a ``Fungal'' and ``Corky'' Aroma Found in Cork Stoppers and Oak Chips in Contact with Wines</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-Methoxy-3</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-dimethylpyrazine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork stopper</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak wood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rhizobium excellensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12481 - 12490</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study identifies a previously isolated bacterium as Rhizobium excellensis, a new species of proteobacteria able to form a large quantity of 2-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyrazine (MDMP). R. excellensis actively synthesizes MDMP from L-alanine and L-leucine and, to a lesser extent, from L-phenylalanine and L-valine. MDMP is a volatile, strong-smelling substance detected in wines with cork stoppers that have an unpleasant ``corky{''}, ``herbaceous{''} (potato, green hazelnut), or ``dusty{''} odor that is very different from the typical ``fungal{''} nose of a ``corked{''} wine that is generally due to 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA). The contamination of cork by MDMP is not correlated with the presence of TCA. It appears possible that R. excellensis is the microorganism mainly responsible for the presence of this molecule in cork bark. However, other observations suggest that MDMP might taint wine through other ways. Oak wood can also be contaminated and affect wines with which it comes into contact. Nevertheless, because 93% of the MDMP content in wood is destroyed after 10 min at 220 degrees C, sufficiently toasted oak barrels or alternatives probably do not represent a major source of MDMP in most of the cases. Due to MDMP's relatively low detection threshold estimated at 2.1 ng/L, its presence in about 40% of the untreated natural cork stoppers sampled at concentrations above 10 ng/cork suggests that this compound, if extracted from the stoppers, may pose a risk for wine producers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teixeira, Rita Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suberized Cell Walls of Cork from Cork Oak Differ from Other Species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microscopy and Microanalysis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cell wall</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lamellae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ultrastructure</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">569 - 575</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants have suberized cells that act as protective interfaces with the environment or between different plant tissues. A lamellar structure of alternating dark and light bands has been found upon transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of cork cells and considered a typical feature of the suberized secondary wall. We observed cork cells from periderms of Quercus suber, Quercus cerris, Solanum tuberosum, and Calotropis procera by TEM after uranyl acetate and lead citrate staining. A lamellated structure was observed in S. tuberosum and C. procera but not in Q. suber and Q. cerris where the suberized cell wall showed a predominantly hyaline aspect with only a dark dotted staining. Removal of suberin from Q. suber cells left a thinner secondary wall that lost the translucent aspect. We hypothesize that the species' specific chemical composition of suberin will result in different three-dimensional macromolecular development and in a different spatial location of lignin and other aromatics. A lamellated ultrastructure is therefore not a general feature of suberized cells.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anjos, Ofélia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosa, M. Emília</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tensile properties of cork in axial stress and influence of porosity, density, quality and radial position in the plank</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Wood and Wood Products</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Density</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porosity (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tensile</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s00107-009-0407-0</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">69</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85 - 91</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The behaviour of cork under tensile stress in the axial direction was studied for samples taken from cork planks of good (class 1) and poor (class 4) quality grades and at three radial positions within the plank (inner, mid and outer positions). The effect of cork density (ranging from 0.123 to 0.203 g cm−3 ) and porosity (ranging from 2.8 to 9.6% in the tangential surface) on Young’s modulus and fracture stress and strain was studied. The tensile stress-strain curves of cork showed an elastic deformation up to 2% strain with a Young’s modulus of 30.8 MPa, and a fracture stress of 1.05 MPa at a strain of 7.1% for class 1, and Young’s modulus of 26.1 MPa, and a fracture stress of 0.77 MPa at a strain of 5.5% for class 4. Fracture always started at a pore. The quality class and the radial position in the plank were highly signiﬁcant factors of the tensile properties variation with good quality cork in the inner part of the plank showing the highest strength. Density inﬂuenced the elastic behaviour of cork with a highly signiﬁcant correlation of increasing E with density,but not so clearly the fracture stress and strain. The variability of tensile properties with porosity was large and although signiﬁcant, the correlations were lower in spite of a decreasing trend of E with porosity. Fracture depended on the type of defects in cork.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandes, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandes, Iva</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cruz, Luís Luís</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mateus, Nuno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cabral, Miguel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Freitas, Victor</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant and Biological Properties of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Quercus suber L.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidants: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidants: isolation &amp; purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidants: pharmacology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antitumor activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cell Line</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cell Proliferation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cell Proliferation: drug effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrolyzable Tannins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrolyzable Tannins: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrolyzable Tannins: isolation &amp; purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrolyzable Tannins: pharmacology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolic compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Extracts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Extracts: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Extracts: isolation &amp; purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Extracts: pharmacology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tumor</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19888728http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf902093m</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11154 - 11160</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenolic compounds, namely, hydrolyzable tannins and low molecular weight phenolic compounds, were isolated and purified from Portuguese cork from Quercus suber L. Some of these compounds were studied to evaluate their antioxidant activity, including free-radical scavenging capacity (DPPH method) and reducing capacity (FRAP method). All compounds tested showed significant antioxidant activity, namely, antiradical and reducing properties. The antiradical capacity seemed to increase with the presence of galloyl groups. Regarding the reducing capacity, this structure-activity relationship was not so clear. These compounds were also studied to evaluate the growth inhibitory effect on the estrogen responsive human breast cancer cell line (ERþ) MCF-7 and two other colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2 and HT-29). Generally, all the compounds tested exhibited, after a continuous exposure during a 48 h period, a dose-dependent growth inhibitory effect. Relative inhibitory activity was primarily related to the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups (galloyl and HHDP moieties) found in the active structures, with more groups generally conferring increased effects, except for HHDP-di-galloyl-glucose. Mongolicain B showed a greater potential to inhibit the growth of the three cell lines tested, identical to the effect observed with castalagin. Since these compounds are structurally related with each other, this activity might be based within the C-glycosidic ellagitannin moiety.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Duplicate 2 (Antioxidant and Biological Properties of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Quercus suber L. - Fernandes, Ana; Fernandes, Iva; Cruz, Luís; Mateus, Nuno; Cabral, Miguel; de Freitas, Victor)From Duplicate 2 (Antioxidant and Biological Properties of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Quercus suber L. - Fernandes, Ana; Fernandes, Iva; Cruz, Luís; Mateus, Nuno; Cabral, Miguel; de Freitas, Victor)The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: American Chemical Society&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 19888728</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ben Abdallah, Faiza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ben Cheikh, Ridha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baklouti, Mohamed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Denchev, Zlatan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cunha, Antonio M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of surface treatment in cork reinforced composites</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Polymer Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">composite</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interface adhesion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mechanical properties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">silanization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10965-009-9339-yhttp://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10965-009-9339-y</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">519 - 528</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This work explores the possibility of using cork for reinforcing of polypropylene (PP). The cork granules were mixed with PP by extrusion and the mixture was then injected. The hydrophilic character of cork and the hydrophobic character of PP influence negatively the adhesion at the interface between the reinforcement and the matrix. In order to improve it, several chemical modifications of the cork reinforcements were used in this work: treatment with silane, with sodium hydroxide and with a compatibilizing agent MAPP. The interface modifications were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Goniometry analysis and infrared spectroscopy analysis (IR). The improvement of the mechanical properties was demonstrated by tensile tests. On their basis it was demonstrated that the best interfacial adhesion between cork and PP is achieved by the silane chemical modification (silanization).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teixeira, Rita Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ultrastructural Observations Reveal the Presence of Channels between Cork Cells</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calotropis procera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phellogen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plasmodesmata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">539 - 544</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ultrastructure of phellem cells of Quercus Silber L. (cork oak) and Calotropis procera (Ait) R. Br. were analyzed using electron transmission microscopy to determine the presence or absence of plasmodesmata (PD). Different types of Q. Silber cork samples were studied: one year shoots; virgin cork (first periderm), reproduction cork (traumatic periderm), and wet cork. The channel structures of PD were found in all the samples crossing adjacent cell walls through the suberin layer of the secondary wait. Calotropis phellem also showed PD crossing the cell walls of adjacent cells but in fewer numbers compared to Q. suber. In one year stems of cork oak, it was possible to follow the physiologically active PD with ribosomic accumulation next to the aperture of the channel seen in the phellogen cells to the completely obstructed channels in the dead cells that characterize the phellem tissue.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avery, Tim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork carries coffee.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Packaging Digest</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COOLCORC (Company)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DRINKING cups</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEMPHIS (Tenn.)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TENNESSEE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WRIGHT</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&amp;db=bth&amp;AN=34285939&amp;lang=pt-br&amp;site=ehost-live&amp;scope=site</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article reports on the new material for hot beverage cup sleeves from Memphis, Tennessee-based company CoolCorC. The company is now selling hot beverage cup sleeves made out of cork. Cofounders and brothers, Larry Wright and Josh Wright, states that their newly developed product protects the hand from hot a lot better than the existing paper sleeves.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accession Number: 34285939; Avery, Tim; Issue Info: Sep2008, Vol. 45 Issue 9, p41; Subject Term: CORK; Subject Term: DRINKING cups; Subject: MEMPHIS (Tenn.); Subject: TENNESSEE ; Company/Entity: COOLCORC (Company); People: WRIGHT, Josh; People: WRIGHT, Larry; Number of Pages: 2/3p; Document Type: ArticleAccession Number: 34285939; Avery, Tim; Issue Info: Sep2008, Vol. 45 Issue 9, p41; Subject Term: CORK; Subject Term: DRINKING cups; Subject: MEMPHIS (Tenn.); Subject: TENNESSEE ; Company/Entity: COOLCORC (Company); People: WRIGHT, Josh; People: WRIGHT, Larry; Number of Pages: 2/3p; Document Type: ArticleThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Canon Communications</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anjos, Ofélia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosa, M. Emília</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of quality, porosity and density on the compression properties of cork</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Compression</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Density</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porosity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stress (voyant)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s00107-008-0248-2</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">295 - 301</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The compression properties of cork were studied on samples obtained from cork planks of two commercial quality classes (good and poor quality), with densities ranging from 0.12–0.20g cm−3 and porosities from 0.5 to 22.0%. The stress-strain curves were characterized by an elastic region up to approximately 5% strain, followed by a large plateau up to 60% strain caused by the progressive buckling of cell walls, and a steep stress increase for higher strains corresponding to cell collapse. The direction of compression was a highly signiﬁcant factor of variation, with cork showing higher strength for the radial compression. Density inﬂuenced compression and cork samples with higher density showed overall larger resistance to compression in the three directions. In the elastic region, an exponential model of Young’s modulus in function of cork density could be adjusted. The effect of porosity on compression was small and the stress-strain curves were similar regardless of the porosity of the samples, although there was a trend toward an overall increase of stress with porosity for higher strains. Porosity was characterised by a high variability in the anatomical features of the lenticular ﬁlling material and the presence of collapsed and thick walled ligniﬁed cells. The inclusion of a porosity parameter for the modelling of the elastic modulus did not improve the prediction obtained with densitybased models. There was no signiﬁcant difference in the compression properties of cork samples obtained from cork planks of good and poor quality classes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barreto, Luís Soares</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O Algoritmo BARCOR: Classificação de Cortiça para Rolhas Recorrendo a Quatro Atributos de Qualidade</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva Lusitana</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Algorithm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Classification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stoppers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">207 - 227</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0870-6352 UL - http://www.scielo.gpeari.mctes.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-63522008000300006&amp;nrm=iso</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">t. The author proposes an analytical method named algorithm BARCOR that integrates TOPSIS (&quot;Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution&quot;), regression, tree models and cluster analysis, to select the minimum number of attributes of cork quality to efficiently classify this material when used to the production of stoppers. When using attributes evenly weighted he shows that only the four attributes are sufficient. If unevenly weights of the attributes are used, this number can be reduced to three. He proposes two models with four and three attributes as explanatory variables to obtain expedite and preliminary classifications of the cork. He admits that the algorithm has potential to be applied in other similar situations.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: scielopt</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gameiro, Celina Pires</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cirne, José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gary, Gérard</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experimental study of the quasi-static and dynamic behaviour of cork under compressive loading</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Materials Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">compressive behaviour (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stress-strain curves</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10853-006-0675-6http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10853-006-0675-6</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4316 - 4324</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork is a natural cellular material with increasing industrial applications due to its remarkable combination of properties. Its mechanical behaviour explains why it is often used for applications like sealing, packaging, insulation, vibration control, weight reduction, ﬂotation, sound damping, etc. However, the mechanical behaviour of cork when subjected to impact has not been well investigated yet since the studies described in the literature generally focus strain rates below 10 –1 s –1 . Understanding the behaviour of cork at high rates of deformation becomes imperative when considering applications such as crash protection. Hence, in the present work, the authors compare the quasi-static and dynamic response of four types of cork when compressed axially at strain rates from 10 –3 s –1 to 600 s –1 . Data from the Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bars are used to generate stress–strain curves for natural and agglomerate cork samples, and the results are discussed in terms of the cellular structure of cork.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Catarina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorge, Fernando Caldeira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irle, Mark</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira, Jose Maria</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characterizing the setting of cement when mixed with cork, blue gum, or maritime pine, grown in Portugal - II: X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analyzes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL OF WOOD SCIENCE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">differential thermal analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">X-ray diffraction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">318 - 324</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is already known by the scientific and industrial communities that lignocellulosic substrates are, to a certain extent, inhibitors of the hydration reaction of cement. The extent to which and how they influence such reactions is still a matter of debate. Several techniques, such as calorimetry, i.e., the measurement of the heat evolved or obtaining temperature profiles during the hydration, the determination of extractive contents of lignocellulosic substrates and their relation with the characteristics of the hydration curves, or even testing of the mechanical properties of the wood-cement composites, have been used in previous research. This study complements past research using two techniques that have been used in the analysis of cement hydration but are not usually applied to lignocellulose-cement mixes, namely X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The raw materials for this study were three lignocellulosic materials of Portuguese origin: cork (the bark of Quercus suber L.), blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.), and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait); and Portland cement. The two techniques allowed tracking of the evolution of the main cement constituents during hydration. It was found that all the lignocellulosic substrates had detrimental effects on cement hydration. The blue gum exhibited the fastest hydration kinetics in the initial stage of reaction, but was then overtaken by cork, which at the end gave the highest hydration conversion amongst the three lignocellulosic substrates. Although pine caused the slowest initial hydration kinetics, with the passage of time its effect approached that of blue gum. At the end of the hydration period, specimens containing either species had similar quantities of hydration reaction products. The DTA and XRD results were consistent and are in good agreement with the temperature profiles and compatibility indexes reported in a previous work.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN&lt;br/&gt;publisher: SPRINGER TOKYO</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branco, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teixeira, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Formation of Acutissimin A in red wine through the contact with cork</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL DES SCIENCES DE LA VIGNE ET DU VIN</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acutissimin A</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HPLC/MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">identification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">217 - 221</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study shows that when cork material gets in contact with wine, the elagitannins which exist in the cork material (namely one called vescalagin) react with the catechins present in the wine, producing, among others, Acutissimin A, which is an anti-tumoural agent about 250 times more potent than one of the most common anti-cancer drugs clinically used (VP-16). So, the contact of wine samples without the barrel winemaking stage (oak contact) was carried out with cork in order to determine the presence of Acutissimin A. After a contact time of about 30 min, 150 min and 6 days, Acutissimin A was detected in all samples containing cork. In the samples in which the contact was with oak wood, in our conditions, it was not possible to detect Acutissimin A.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 42 RUE MARSAN, 33300 BORDEAUX, FRANCE&lt;br/&gt;publisher: VIGNE ET VIN PUBLICATIONS INT</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Graça, José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, Sara</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glycerol-derived ester oligomers from cork suberin.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemistry and physics of lipids</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">a-o-Diacids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ESI-MS/MS analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glycerolipids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">o-Hydroxyacids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16979606</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">144</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">96 - 107</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The cork suberin polyester was partially depolymerized by a methanolysis reaction catalyzed by calcium hydroxide. The methanolisate was analysed by ESI-MS/MS in the form of [M+Li](+) adduct-ions. This reaction solubilized a mixture of monomers and oligomers, including a set of glycerol-derived dimeric and trimeric esters. Four types of glycerol esters were identified: monoacylglycerols of alpha,omega-diacids, of omega-hydroxyacids and of monoacids; diglycerol diesters of alpha,omega-diacids; diacylglycerols of alpha,omega-diacids; monoacylglycerols of linear dimeric esters of alpha,omega-diacids and omega-hydroxyacids. The alpha,omega-diacids and omega-hydroxyacids found as monomer residues in the glycerol esters are the main ones found as cork suberin monomers. It is concluded that suberin is a glycerol-derived lipid of polymeric dimensions. Due to the protective and insulating role that it plays in plants, suberin should be considered together with the other known glycerolipids that build up biological membranes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 16979606</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basílio, M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaspar, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penicillium glabrum cork colonising isolates-preliminary analysis of their genomic similarity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Revista iberoamericana Micologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA fingerprinting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fungal genomic similarity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penicillium glabrum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1130140606700353</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">151 - 154</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The cork stopper manufacturing process includes an operation, known as stabilisation, by which humid cork slabs are extensively colonised by fungi. The effects of fungal growth on cork are not completely understood although they are considered to be involved in the so-called &quot;cork taint&quot; of wine. It is essential to (a) identify environmental constraints which define the appearance of the colonising fungal species and (b) trace their origin to the forest and/or the manufacturing space. The present article correlates two sets of data, from consecutive years and the same season, of systematic sampling of two manufacturing units, located in the North and South of Portugal.Chrysonilis sitophila dominance was confirmed, followed by a high diversity of Oenicillium species. Penicillium glabrum, which was found in all samples, was the most frequently isolated species. P. glabrum intra-species variability was investigated using DNA fingerprinting techniques revealing highly discriminative polymorphic markers in the genome. Cluster analysis of P. glabrum data was discussed in relation to the geographical location of strains, and results suggest that P. glabrum arise from predominantly the manufacturing space, although cork specific fungi can contribute.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrott, P. J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ribeiro Carrott, M. M. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mourão, P. a M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pore size control in activated carbons obtained by pyrolysis under different conditions of chemically impregnated cork</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">activated carbon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical activation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microporosity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165237005001191</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120 - 127</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Activated carbons were prepared by the pyrolysis of cork impregnated with potassium and sodium hydroxides and carbonates as well as phosphoric acid and the effect of ﬁve experimental parameters, namely method of impregnation, impregnant concentration, mass ratio, precursor particle size and pyrolysis temperature, were studied. It is shown that cork is a versatile precursor and allows us to prepare a wide variety of materials with quite different pore structural characteristics by precise control of the impregnation and pyrolysis conditions. Even under relatively mild conditions, it was possible to produce cork based carbons with high pore volumes, in the range 0.5–0.7 cm 3 g 1 , and to simultaneously control the mean pore width over a three-fold range from a value as low as 0.7 nm up to a value as high as 2.2 nm. The best materials produced present pore structural characteristics which are signiﬁcantly different to the vast majority of commercial activated carbons. In particular, the possibility of obtaining such high pore volumes in essentially microporous materials, containing virtually no mesoporosity in most cases, is noteworthy. Furthermore, the fact that it was possible with some samples to combine high pore volume and very narrow micropore size is a particularly notable achievement.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blanco, S. Zapata</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Series de deflactores corcheros desde 1900</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deflators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Twentieth century</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2336701</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-42</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this work is to elaborate series of deflators, for whole twentieth century, of three representative products in the cork business: raw cork, corkwood in planks and stoppers of natural cork. Given that prices of these products are not available, the data bases for reconstruction are, on one hand, unitary values of production and exports from Portugal and Spain and, on the other hand, unitary ones of United Kingdom’s imports. By using these values, selected after different tests of coherence and credibility, Laspeyres, Paasche and Fisher’s indexes and a “synthetic cork deflator” are calculated. Then, a preliminary analysis about the unitary values as a proxy to the prices during the second half of twentieth century is realized. At last, the main figures which have been employed to the building of the deflators are shown in a statistical appendix.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;secondary-title: Asociación Española de Historia Económica&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Asociación Española de Historia Económica</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gandini, Alessandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pascoal Neto, Carlos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvestre, Armando J. D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suberin: A promising renewable resource for novel macromolecular materials</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Progress in Polymer Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dicarboxylic acids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydroxyacids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">long-chain aliphatic compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">polyurethanes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0079670006000682</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">878 - 892</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suberin, an aliphatic-aromatic cross-linked natural polymer present in the outer tissues of numerous vegetable species, is discussed in terms of (i) its occurrence, particularly where it dominates the bark composition of some trees, (ii) its macromolecular structure and positioning within the cell wall, (iii) its controlled chemical splicing (depolymerization through ester cleavage), (iv) the qualitative and quantitative composition of the ensuing monomeric fragments, and (v) the exploitation of this mixture of monomers in macromolecular science, both as a possible functional additive and as a source of novel materials. The presence of terminal carboxylic and hydroxy groups and of side hydroxy and epoxy moieties on the long chains of suberin ‘‘monomers’’ makes them particularly suited as building blocks for polymers with original architectures and interesting properties</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castola, Vincent</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marongiu, Bruno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bighelli, Ange</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Floris, Constantino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laı̈, Adolfo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casanova, Joseph</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extractives of cork (Quercus suber L.): chemical composition of dichloromethane and supercritical CO2 extracts</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Industrial Crops and Products</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13 c nmr</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">supercritical extraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">triterpenes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0926669003001523</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65 - 69</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3349552412</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The polymeric matrix of the cork is mainly composed of suberin, lignin and polysaccharides and contains also extractives. Typical components of the extracted mixtures are triterpenes belonging to friedelane, lupane and steroid families and long chain alkanes and alkanols. Two extractive methods have been used, the conventional extraction with a solvent (SE) using dichloromethane (DCM) and the innovative method which uses as solvent supercritical CO2 (SFE) at moderate pressures (200–250 bar). Identiﬁcation and quantitation of the individual triterpenoids and steroids present in the extracts have been carried out by means of the computer aided 13 C NMR analysis without previous separation. Friedelin was found as the main component of the extracts. The main difference between the two extracts concerned the contents of sitost-4-en-3-one which represented 15% of the CO2 extract against 3% in the DCM extract. Similarly, -sitosterol was found in CO2 extract (3%) but not in DCM extract.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bento, M. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cunha, M. Á</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moutinho, A. M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van den Berg, K. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boon, J. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van den Brink, O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heeren, R. M. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fragmentation of Suberin and Composition of Aliphatic Monomers Released by Methanolysis of Cork from Quercus suber L.,Analysed by GC-MS, SEC and MALDI-MS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holzforschung</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MALDI-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methanolysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEC</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suberin fragmentation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">487 - 493</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suberin from extractive-free cork from Quercus suber L. was depolymerised by methanolysis using different sodium methanolate (NaOMe) concentrations. 1% and 3% NaOMe completely removed suberin from cork (54%–56% of extractive-free cork), but for lower concentrations there was incomplete solubilisation; with 0.05% NaOMe, only approximately 80% of total suberin was removed. The monomeric composition of the extracts differed significantly: for the 0.05% NaOMe, only alkanoic acids and diacids were found; the yield of v-hydroxy acids increased with reactant concentration, as well as alkanols and ferulic acid. Results from light scattering, SEC and MALDI-MS showed that soluble oligomeric fragments containing suberinic acids were present in the methanolysis mixture. The molecular weight of these oligomeric fragments decreased with higher sodium methanolate concentrations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mazzoleni, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dallagiovanna, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trevisan, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicelli, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Persistent organic pollutants in cork used for production of wine stoppers.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemosphere</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organochlorine pesticides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PAHs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PCBs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15694474</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1547 - 1552</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Owing to the lipophilic character of some components of cork and the long periods in the open air (during growth and barks storage), there is a risk of the cork becoming environmentally polluted. Moreover, cork stoppers are in contact with wines for periods ranging from a few months to several years; so they must maintain high levels of hygiene. The present work aims to investigate the level of PCBs, organochlorine pesticides, and PAHs in cork from different countries, used for the manufacturing of one-piece wine stoppers. Samples of cork were analysed using a multi-residue method. PCBs were not detected in all the samples; only a few samples contained detectable amounts of DDE; phenanthrene and anthracene were found in all the samples and fluoranthene in fewer cases. It was not possible to find a significant correlation between POPs concentration and origin of cork. Globally, the detected amounts are consistent with values found in foods, so the investigated cork show a suitable hygienic quality.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 15694474</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castola, Vincent</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bighelli, Ange</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rezzi, Serge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melloni, Giovanni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gladiali, Serafino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desjobert, Jean-Marie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casanova, Joseph</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Composition and chemical variability of the triterpene fraction of dichloromethane extracts of cork (Quercus suber L.)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Industrial Crops and Products</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13C NMR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical variability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemometric analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">extracts</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0926669001000917</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15 - 22</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3349552412</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dichloromethane extracts were prepared from 38 samples of cork harvested in different locations of Corsica and Sardinia from individual trees of Quercus suber L. Friedelin, 3--hydroxyfriedelan-2-one, betulin, betulinic acid, -sitosterol and sitost-4-en-3-one were identiﬁed and their molar percentages were calculated by 13 C NMR spectroscopy, following a procedure recently developed by our group. The results were submitted to chemometric analysis (k-means and principal component analysis), which allowed three groups to be distinguished with respect to the content of friedelin, betulinic acid and 3--hydroxyfriedelan-2-one.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villaescusa, Isabel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fiol, Núria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cristiani, Franco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Floris, Costantino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lai, Simona</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurchi, Valeria Marina</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Copper(II) and nickel(II) uptake from aqueous solutions by cork wastes: a NMR and potentiometric study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polyhedron</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">copper</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metal uptake</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nickel</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Potentiometric titration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solid state 13C MAS and CP-MAS NMR</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277538702009579</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1363 - 1367</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Due to the increasing interest in the use of biomasses from agriculture as removing agents for heavy metals in waste effluents, we present here a joint potentiometric and 13C MAS and cross polarization-magic angle spinning NMR (CP-MAS NMR) study on cork interaction with Cu(II) and Ni(II). Through potentiometry we were able to distinguish two kind of interactions, a stronger one which involves protonated sites on cork and a second that allows hydroxide precipitation of the bound metal ion into the cork structure. NMR signal analysis suggests a specific metal complexation on the carbohydrate moieties of polymeric cork matrix. The 13C MAS NMR suggests that the dynamics in the MHz range and the overall arrangement of polymeric matrix is not affected by metal binding; and the spin relaxation times T1ρ(1H) and T1ρ(13C) show that no significant difference of relaxation processes in the KHz range is introduced by metal coordination.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14–15</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cordeiro, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neto, C. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rocha, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belgacem, M. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gandini, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The organosolv fractionation of cork components</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HOLZFORSCHUNG</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C-13 NMR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ethanol/water extraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FTIR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organosolv fractionation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus Suber L</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">135 - 142</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extractive-free cork from Quercus suber L. was submitted to organosolv fractionation and the effects of different process variables, such as ethanol/water ratio, temperature, time and the presence of acidic or alkaline catalysts, were studied. The variation of the relative proportions of extracted components, as a function of the processing conditions, could thus be established. Whereas the addition of 0.1 M acetic acid only increased the yield of extracted materials from about 15 to 23 %, the use of sodium hydroxide, at the same concentration, produced a jump to 76 %. In the case of the alkaline organosolv fractionation. an increase in process temperature, time and catalyst concentration led to an increase in the extraction yield, although in some cases this increase did not follow a sustained trend, as in the case of reaction time. Increasing the ethanol/water ratio led to a higher selectivity in favour of suberin extraction. Residual cork from different organosolv processes was characterised by FTIR and C-13 solid-state NMR. The latter technique provided some valuable information about both process selectivity and cork morphology, particularly with respect to the positioning of suberin macromolecules in the cell wall.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY&lt;br/&gt;publisher: WALTER DE GRUYTER &amp; CO</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mano, J. F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The viscoelastic properties of cork</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of materials science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relaxation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">viscoelastic properties (voyant)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/J5TG6582255T4HK6.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">257 - 263</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The viscoelastic properties of cork (from Quercus suber) have been investigated in the temperature range −40 to 120 ◦ C using the technique of Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). The results were compared with dielectric data previously reported. A relaxation was detected with a maximum in tan δ at ca 20 ◦ C (f = 1 Hz) and with a mean activation energy of 140 kJ ·mol−1 . A decrease in the intensity of the relaxation and an increase of the storage modulus is observed when cork is previously subjected to an annealing process above 60 ◦ C. This result is in agreement with previously reported dielectric data. Thermogravimetric experiments seem to conﬁrm that such effect could be caused by the desorption of water molecules. Specimens oriented along the prismatic direction presented higher storage modulus than the ones oriented along the transverse prismatic direction. The rheological properties of cork also showed a dependence upon the mechanical mode used during measurements: for example, the stiffness is the highest for the tensile mode and the lowest for the compression mode.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García Vallejo, M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Varea, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cadahia, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández de Simón, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INFLUENCIA DE LA &quot;MANCHA AMARILLA&quot; SOBRE LA COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA DEL CORCHO Y LA PRESENCIA DE TCA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">III Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">yellow stain</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The anomaly of cork known as &quot;yellow stain&quot; has been considered as the main responsible for the presence, in some cork stoppers, of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), compound that confers the &quot;cork taint&quot; to wine. In this Communication, a comparative study on the chemical composition of cork (suberin, waxes, polyphenols, holocellulose and lignin) and on the presence of chloroanisoles and chlorophenols is carried out with samples of healthy cork and cork affected with that anomaly. The cork with &quot;yellow stain&quot; differed from the healthy cork because of the presence of TCA and the low content of tannins.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: III Congreso Forestal Español&lt;br/&gt;issue: 1995&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: Granada</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baas, P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leeuwenhoek's observations on the anatomy of bark</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HOLZFORSCHUNG</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biohistory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fibres</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phloem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sclereids</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123 - 127</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leeuwenhoek's letter to the Royal Society of 27 March 1705, dealing with the anatomy of bark of cherry, birch, cinnamon, lime and cork oak is reviewed. It contains many detailed observations and illustrations of, i.a., ray dilatation, various types of phloem sclerenchyma, and annual rings in cork. This is another example of Leeuwenhoek's importance as an early plant anatomist.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY&lt;br/&gt;publisher: WALTER DE GRUYTER &amp; CO</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira, Alexandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopes, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caractérisation de la croissance et de la qualité du liège dans une région de production</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porosity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2000169</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187 - 193</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork growth and quality were characterised in 5 cork oak stands within the production area of the Sado basin (Alcácer do Sal, Portugal) based on a field sampling on 40 trees/stand. Cork thickness was on average 33.8 mm, with 75% of the samples in the commercial classes above 27 mm suitable for production of stoppers. Porosity measured by image analysis was 4.6% on average. Between tree and between stand variability of cork quality was large. The annual average cork growth for a production cycle with 8 complete growth years was 4.1 mm, being highest during the years following cork extraction and decreasing during the cycle. For this region, a production cycle of 9 years is adequate for raw-material industrial requirements. The results show the importance of between tree variability in growth and especially in quality.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopes, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characterization of cork growth and quality in one region of production.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porosity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187 - 193</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork growth and quality were characterised in 5 cork oak stands within the production area of the Sado basin (Alcacer do Sal, Portugal) based on a field sampling on 40 trees/stand. Cork thickness was on average 33.8 mm, with 75% of the samples in the commercial classes above 27 mm suitable for production of stoppers. Porosity measured by image analysis was 4.6% on average. Between toe and between stand variability of cork quality was large. The annual average cork growth for a production cycle with 8 complete growth years was 4.1 mm, being highest during the years following cork extraction and decreasing during the cycle. For this region, a production cycle of 9 years is adequate for raw-material industrial requirements. The results show the importance of between tree variability in growth and especially in quality.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE&lt;br/&gt;publisher: EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil, Luis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moiteiro, Cristina</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">composition (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">insulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">products</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stoppers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14356007.f07_f01</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA</style></publisher><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9783527306732</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article contains sections titled: 1.Introduction1.1.Definition and Origin1.2.History1.3.Morphology1.3.1.Microscopic Aspects1.3.2.Macroscopic Aspects1.4.Chemical Composition1.4.1.Suberin1.4.2.Lignin1.4.3.Polysaccharides1.4.4.Waxes1.4.5.Tannins1.4.6.Other Components1.5.Physical and Mechanical Properties2.Cork Extraction3.Production of Cork Based Products3.1.Disks and Cork Stoppers3.2.Granulates and Broken3.3.Composition Cork3.3.1.Floor and Wall Coverings3.3.2.Agglomerated Disks and Cork Stoppers3.3.3.Corkrubber3.4.Insulation Corkboard3.5.Other Specific Products4.Uses4.1.Stoppers4.2.Civil Construction4.3.Industrial Applications4.4.Automotive Industry4.5.Other Specific Uses5.Quality and Standardization5.1.Standardization and Testing5.2.Quality in Cork Production6.Economic Aspects6.1.Forestall Production6.2.Personnel and Companies6.3.Consumption of Products and Markets6.4.Producers7.Environmental and Toxicological Aspects7.1.Industrial Wastes7.2.Recycling and Treatments7.3.Emissions8.Legal Aspects</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry&lt;br/&gt;electronic-resource-num: 10.1002/14356007.f07_f01</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopes, M. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarychev, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neto, C. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil, a M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spectral editing of 13C cp/MAS NMR spectra of complex systems: application to the structural characterisation of cork cell walls.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13CCPrMAS NMR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relaxation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spectral editing</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10868562</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109 - 121</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A mathematical method of obtaining 13C CP/MAS subspectra of single components of a complex system is presented and applied to three- and four-component systems. The method is based on previously reported work that exploits different proton relaxation properties for different domains of an heterogeneous system. However, unlike the original method that obtained subspectra through a trial-and-error approach, the method here presented solves the problem mathematically, thus avoiding the time-consuming and non-rigorous trial-and-error step. The method is applied to mixtures of three and four polymers and to a more complex system: cork cell walls. As expected, as the number of components increases, the sharing of relaxation properties between different components is increasingly probable, either due to incidental coincidence of relaxation times or to specific interactions and intimate mixing of compounds. While this hinders the calculation of the subspectra of single chemical components, it may provide useful information about inter-component interactions. This possibility was demonstrated by the application of this method to cork cell walls. Both three-component and four-component approaches showed that three domains exist in cork cell walls: carbohydrate/lignin matrix, mobile suberin close to (probably bonded to) lignin groups (about 42% w/w) and hindered suberin close to (probably bonded to) carbohydrate-OCH2O groups (about 4% w/w).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 10868562</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Courtois, Michèle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Masson, Philippe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relations entre la qualité du liège, sa composition minérale et la composition minérale des feuilles du chêne-liège (Quercus suber L.)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inorganic content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus Suber L</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19990609</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">521 - 527</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relationships between the quality of cork, its inorganic content and the inorganic content of the leaves of the cork-oak (Quercus suber L.). The aim of this work is to set up a relationship between the quality of cork, its inorganic content and the inorganic content of the leaves of the cork-oak. The mineral contents of both leaves and cork were identified for a range of elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc and manganese). The quality of the cork was evaluated by experts in the cork industry on the basis of visual assessment of cork stoppers resulting from each tree. A study of correlations between the cork inorganic contents and the quality of cork demonstrates that, among those measures, only the potassium content of cork is related to the cork quality. The cork quality seems to be independent of the leaf inorganic content, which is held to be an indicator of the cork-oak mineral nutrition. (© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.)</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cordeiro, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belgacem, M. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gandini, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neto, C. P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urethanes and polyurethanes from suberin 2: synthesis and characterization</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">glass transition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">polyurethanes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermal properties</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 - 10</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polyurethanes based on suberin from cork of Quercus suber L. and conventional isocyanate monomers were prepared and fully characterized in terms of both structure (FTIR and H-1 NMR spectroscopy) and thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis). Two fractions were systematically isolated, namely (i) methylene-chloride soluble products, which corresponded to linear and branched macromolecules and (ii) methylene-chloride insoluble products, representing the crosslinked material. The structures of these polymers were regular and no appreciable side reactions were detected. DSC analyses provided information about the glass transition temperature of both fractions and this parameter was correlated with the stiffness of the isocyanate used. The TGA of these polyurethanes showed that they started to degrade at about 175 degrees C and that the residue at 400 degrees C was around 50%. The highest amounts of insoluble fractions, as well as the highest T-g,s, were reached when an initial \{[\}NCO]/\{[\}OH] of unity was used. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS&lt;br/&gt;publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conde, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GARCIA-VALLEJO, M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cadahia, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waxes composition of Quercus suber reproduction cork from different Spanish provenances</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood Science and Technology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acid fraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">component (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">neutral fraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">provenance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">waxes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/7vk6lp09bnuha8jd.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">271 - 283</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The chemical composition of waxes was studied in Quercus suber cork planks collected in seven localities of the three main production areas of Spain. Waxes were extracted with chloroform (CHCl3 ) and the extract was submitted to saponi®cation in order to obtain the neutral and acid fractions. The trimethylsilyl derivatives of both fractions were analysed by GC-MS. The seven populations cannot be distinguished by their total contents of waxes (Chloroform extract) and of the neutral and acid fraction. This lack of differences could be due to the important variability among samples of each population. The neutral fraction was mainly composed of fatty alcohols (all the even members from C18 to C26 , with traces of the intermediate odd members and some unsaturated groups) and triterpenes (11 components, among them friedelin, betulin and cerin were identi®ed) and a very small amount of monocarboxylic fatty acids (C16 and C24 members) was also present. The main group of compo- nents of the acid fraction was that of fatty acids (saturated even C14±C24 and odd C15 , C17 , C21 members, accompanied by a great amount of unsaturated terms and some x-hydroxyacids, 18-hydroxy-9,12-octadecadienoic and 18-hydroxy-9-oct- adecenoic acids). Four triterpenes and the C20 and C24 alcohols were also detected in the acid fraction. Signi®cant differences were found among the corks of the various provenances in the global contents of alcohols and triterpenes and in these individual components contents of the neutral fraction. Concerning the differences among the various provenances in the contents of the groups of fatty acids, alcohols, and triterpenes in the acid fraction, a higher number of differ- ences were obtained in the comparisons of the contents of acids and triterpenes, whereas the differences were practically null in the case of the alcohols. When the differences were studied considering the individual compounds, the relation with the behaviour of the contents of the groups of components was not as clear as it happens in the neutral fraction. In this case, the differences were scarcer and they did not show a unique pattern, neither in the components, nor the populations. There is no correspondence in the differences among the provenances regarding the components of the neutral fraction or those of the acid fraction. No clear relationship was found between the geographical proximity of the provenances and chemical similarity of the waxes composition.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conde, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GARCIA-VALLEJO, M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cadahia, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waxes composition of reproduction cork from Quercus suber and its variability throughout the industrial processing</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood Science and Technology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acid fraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">component (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">indutrial processing stage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">neutral fraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">waxes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/G6UBE3CLYFCADQJR.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">229 - 244</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The chemical composition of waxes was studied in cork planks from three different trees of Spanish Quercus suber at four different stages of the in- dustrial processing of the ®rst transformation: stripping, ®rst rest, boiling fol- lowed by open air rest and boiling followed by store-room rest. Waxes were extracted with chloroform (CHCl3 ) and the extract was submitted to saponi®cation in order to obtain the neutral and acid fractions. The trimethylsilyl derivatives of both fractions were analysed by GC-MS. An important decrease of the total content of waxes -CHCl3 extract-(average values: 10.13 to 4.91%) and of the acid fraction (average values: 2.51 to 0.96%) was observed throughout the industrial processing. Some differences were also found among trees, two of them being richer in total waxes (average, 8.14 and 7.71%) than the other one (average, 4.67%). Concerning the three groups of identi®ed components (fatty acids, fatty alcohols and triterpenes), the contents of the fatty alcohols and acids suffer an important reduction during the ®rst rest (average values: 30.39 to 17.53% and 58.73 to 31.48%, respectively), while after boiling, there is a decrease of the triterpenes concentrations (79.16 to 58.00% -neutral fraction- and 40.23 to 23.20% -acid fraction-), being greater when the second rest is carried out in a store room. Signi®cant differences among trees were only found in the fatty alcohols contents. The neutral fraction was mainly composed by fatty alcohols (all the even members from C18 to C26 , with traces of intermediate odd members and some unsaturated groups, C20 and C21 ) and triterpenes (14 components, among them friedelin, betulin and cerin were identi®ed), and a very small amount of monocarboxylic fatty acids (C16 , C18 , C22 and C24 members) was also present. The main group of components of the acid fraction was that of fatty acids (saturated even C12±C24 and odd C15 , C17 , C21 members, accompanied by a great amount of unsaturated terms and some x-hydroxyacids, 18-hydroxy-9,12-octadecadienoic and 18-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acids). Four triterpenes, the C20 , C24 and C28 alcohols and ferulic acid were also detected in the acid fraction. Some of these individual components of each fraction were also affected by the industrial processing and presented signi®cant differences among the studied trees.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cadahía, Estrella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conde, Elvira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández de Simón, Brígida</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Vallejo, María Concepción</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changes in Tannic Composition of Reproduction Cork Quercus suber throughout Industrial Processing</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ellagitannins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high performance liquid chromatography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">polyphenols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">proanthocyanidins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tannins</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf9709360</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2332 - 2336</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tannic composition was studied in reproduction cork samples from three different trees of Spanish Quercus suber and at different industrial processing stages. The ellagitannins, roburins A and E, grandinin, vescalagin, and castalagin, were identified and quantified by HPLC. Global evaluations of tannins were also carried out, using classical chemical methods. The group of hydrolyzable tannins was the most abundant in the tannic extract in all samples; among them, castalagin was the main component, followed by vescalagin, grandinin, roburin E, and, to a much lesser extent, roburin A. The changes in tannic composition throughout the industrial processing are mainly related to the boiling process and are more pronounced in total phenol and proanthocyanidin contents than in individual ellagitannins content. Vescalagin and roburins A and E were selected as those variables that provided the greatest discrimination among stages. Important differences in the ellagitannin contents were observed among the trees studied, all of the ellagitannins being discriminant variables in this case. Keywords: Quercus suber; cork; tannins; ellagitannins; proanthocyanidins; polyphenols; high-performance liquid chromatography</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1021/jf9709360doi: 10.1021/jf9709360The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: American Chemical Society</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conde, Elvira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cadahía, Estrella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia-Vallejo, Maria Conceptión</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonźalez-Adrados, José Ramón</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical Characterization of Reproduction Cork from Spanish Quercus Suber</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">waxes (voyant)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02773819809349592</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">447 - 469</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract The chemical composition of Quercus suber reproduction cork was studied in planks from three different trees at different stages of their industrial processing and in samples collected in seven locations in the three main Spanish production areas. Extracts in chloroform, methanol and water, ne[ugrave]tral and acid fractions of waxes, suberin, lignin, holocellulose and pentosans, and polyphenols (low molecular weight polyphenols and tannins), were quantified. Suberin was the main component in all the samples, followed by lignin and holocellulose in lower concentrations. The most affected variables throughout the industrial processing were: lignin, chloroform and water extracts and the acid fraction of waxes. These variables did not allow one to distinguish the studied trees, which are differentiated by the percentages of methanol extracts, the tannic fraction of polyphenols, the free of suberin residue and the holocellulose content. Four variables were selected as those which provided the greatest discrimination among provenances: methanol extract, low molecular weight polyphenols, desuberinized residue and acid fraction of waxes. However, the studied populations can not be clearly distinguished by their chemical composition and no relationship was found between geographical proximity of their provenances and chemical resemblance.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/02773819809349592doi: 10.1080/02773819809349592The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cordeiro, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belgacem, M. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvestre, a J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pascoal Neto, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gandini, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork suberin as a new source of chemicals. 1. Isolation and chemical characterization of its composition.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International journal of biological macromolecules</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alkaline methanolysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical characterization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular weight distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9585884</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71 - 80</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extractive-free cork from Quercus suber L. was submitted to a solvolysis treatment with methanolic NaOH which yielded 37% (o.d. cork) of suberin. This mixture of compounds was thoroughly characterized by FTIR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis, vapour pressure osmometry (VPO), mass spectrography (MS) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). After derivatization, the main components of the volatile fraction, representing less than half of the total, were found to be omega-hydroxymonocarboxylates, alpha, omega-dicarboxylates, simple alkanoates and 1-alkanols, all with chain lengths ranging from C16 to C24. A second fraction, with an average molecular weight about three times higher, was detected by VPO, MS and GPC. The presence of this important fraction in cork suberin had not been recognized in earlier studies. Both fractions constitute interesting precursors for the elaboration of new materials.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 9585884</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bleton, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mejanelle, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goursaud, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tchapla, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Identification of the main fatty acids component of the cork suberine by GC/MS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANALUSIS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC/MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M51 - M54</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this work was to verify the presence of cork (Quercus Suber) in two samples of linoleum the beginning of the twentieth century Using GC/MS after acidic methanolysis and silylation, it was possible to identify most of the components of a modern sample of cork. The dominant is a lipid polymer: the suberin. Its monomeric composition is examined in details.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APSAPSThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE&lt;br/&gt;publisher: E D P SCIENCES</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conde, Elvira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cadahía, Estrella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Vallejo, María Concepción</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández de Simón, Brígida</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polyphenolic Composition of Quercus suber Cork from Different Spanish Provenances</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coumarins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ellagitannins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high-performance liquid chromatography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolic acids and aldehydes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">polyphenols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tannins</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf970863k</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3166 - 3171</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polyphenolic composition was studied by HPLC and classical chemical methods in reproduction cork of Quercus suber from different Spanish provenances. The low molecular weight polyphenols (gallic, protocatechuic, vanillic, caffeic, ferulic, and ellagic acids; protocatechuic, vanillic, coniferyl, and sinapic aldehydes; and aesculetin and scopoletin) and the ellagitannins (roburins A and E, grandinin, vescalagin, and castalagin) were identified and quantified. Ellagic acid was the main component in the ether soluble fraction, and the group of hydrolyzable tannins, and among them castalagin, was the most abundant in the tannic extract in all the samples. Although there was an important variability among provenances, no significant differences were found in the total tannin content and in the individual content of each ellagitannin. However, gallic and caffeic acids and protocatechuic aldehyde provided the greatest discrimination among provenances. Keywords: Quercus suber; cork; polyphenols; tannins; phenolic acids and aldehydes; coumarins; ellagitannins; high-performance liquid chromatography</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1021/jf970863kdoi: 10.1021/jf970863kThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: American Chemical Society</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bento, M. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermally assisted transmethylation gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of suberin components in cork from Quercus suber L.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical Analysis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pyrolysis mass spectrometry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">suberin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermally assisted methylation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(199803/04)9:2&lt;75::AID-PCA386&gt;3.0.CO;2-8/abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75 - 87</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermally assisted transmethylation gas chromatography - mass spectrometry with tetramethylammonium hydroxide has been applied for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the suberin fraction of wax-free cork. With this method, hydrolysis of esters together with methylation of carboxylic and hydroxylic groups was observed. Mostly long chain aliphatic components, such as alkanols, alkanoic acids, v-hydroxyacids, v,v-alkanoic diacids, and several 9,10-epoxy and 9,10-dihydroxy forms have been found in keeping with results of other workers in the ﬁeld. Two other components that may give a more complete view of the architecture of suberin were also found, namely the phenolic compound ferulic acid, and glycerol which is probably esteriﬁed to carboxylic groups of the aliphatic building units of suberin</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caldentey, Paloma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fumi, Maria Daria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mazzoleni, Valeria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Careri, Maria</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volatile compounds produced by microorganisms isolated from cork</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavour and Fragrance Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microbial growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus Suber L</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">volatile components</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199805/06)13:3&lt;185::AID-FFJ723&gt;3.0.CO;2-W</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">185 - 188</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microorganisms present on cork (i.e. the reproduction bark of Quercus suber L.) can produce odorous compounds aecting the quality of cork stoppers. This work aims to contribute to the study of the correlation between microbial growth and formation of volatile compounds in the cork. Dierent strains of microorganisms were cultivated on both malt extract and cork, and the odour of the culture was described by a panel. The volatile compounds were isolated directly from the culture media by a dynamic headspace technique followed by adsorption on to Tenax traps. The volatiles were identi®ed by GC±MS: 63 substances were identi®ed in malt extract cultures, mainly consisting of carbonyl compounds (16), alcohols (16), and sesquiterpenes (13). Cultures on cork produced only 12 volatile compounds, more than half being sesquiterpenes. Sensory evaluation con®rmed that cork is an unfavourable culture medium if compared with malt extract.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil, Luis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork powder waste: an overview</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biomass and Bioenergy</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">industry wastes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">waste characterization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">waste utilization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961953497000330</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59 - 61</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">k powder, the major waste from cork processing industries, is generated throughout the industrial cork process and originates from grinding, cutting and finishing operations. Since there are various types of cork and different industrial operations, different types of cork powders are obtained. These have a high heating value, which make it suitable for energy production as well as other characteristics suitable for other uses as described here</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1/2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fos, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PÉREZ-RoViRA, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barreno, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CRECIMIENTO RADIAL DEL CORCHO EN LOS ALCORNOCALES ESPAÑOLES: RELACIONES ENTRE ANATOMÍA Y BIOCLIMA.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">II Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anatomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bioc1imatology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radial growth</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">177 - 182</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A comparative study of the reproduction cork radial growth between the main cork productive areas in Spain is raised: Extremadura-Huelva, Cádiz, Girona and Castellón. The results show that environmental variables bring about significant differences in the annual increments and in the ratio between cork types (late/early cork). The highest average thickness had be en measured in Cádiz (Jerez de la Frontera - 5.587 mm) and the lowest in Castellón (Artana - 1.964 mm). Remaining results yield between 2.963 mm, measured in Sta. Cristina d' Aro (Girona), and 3.566 mm, in Casas de Miravete (Cáceres). These asymmetries are due to the higher early cork development. The most equilibrated corks in the contributions of each cork type are those produced in Cáceres (::::60:40) and Castellón (::::75:25), resisting with those observed in the other areas. The obtained results showed significant correlation with c1imatic (annual average temperature, precipitation) and bioc1imatic (It, Ic) parameters</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: II Congreso Forestal Español&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: Pamplona</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conde, Elvira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cadahía, Estrella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Vallejo, María Concepción</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández de Simón, Brígida</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González Adrados, José Ramón</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Low Molecular Weight Polyphenols in Cork of Quercus suber</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coumarins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high- performance liquid chromatography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolic acids and aldehydes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">polyphenols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf960486w</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2695 - 2700</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Low molecular weight polyphenols were studied by HPLC in samples of cork from different trees of Spanish Quercus suber and at different industrial processing stages. Gallic, protocatechuic, vanillic, caffeic, ferulic, and ellagic acids; protocatechuic, vanillic, coniferylic, and sinapic aldehydes, and aesculetin and scopoletin were identified and quantified. Ellagic acid was the main component in all of the samples, followed by the rest of the phenolic acids, which had very much lower concentrations. Four components, caffeic, ferulic, and protocatechuic acids and vanillin, were selected as those that provided the greatest differences among the trees studied. In relation to the four industrial processing stages considered, marked differences were observed between the first two stages, stripping and first rest, and the stages after boiling. In this case, the discriminant variables were coniferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, and ellagic acid. Keywords: Quercus suber; cork; polyphenols; phenolic acids and aldehydes; coumarins; high-performance liquid chromatography</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1021/jf960486wdoi: 10.1021/jf960486wThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: American Chemical Society</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrasco, Angel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BORRERO, GUMERSINDO</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAMPAYO, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RODRIGUEZ, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ÁLVAREZ, J. Ma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FARIÑA, J. Ma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E. TORRES</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Privado, Consultor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">La, C. I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manojo, D. E. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madrid, D. E. Rosas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plan de calas de corcho y establecimiento de rodales selectos de alcornoque en andalucía</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">II Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andalucía</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork-oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Select &quot;areas&quot;</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">117 - 122</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Since 1995, the &quot;Consejería de Medio Ambiente&quot; of the &quot;Junta de Andalucía&quot; has been developping a &quot;Cork samples Plan and Establishment of select &quot;Areas&quot; of the Quercus suber&quot;. This plan is intended to collect technical-scientifical information, used both for a better knowledge of the cork oak forests and their principal product, cork, as well as for the elaboration of a cork quality map of the Andalusian Community. They also provide cork- tree owners with information about the explotation quality, for which cork samples are taken both from cork trees and from cork-piles. Using the collected samples, once they are classified and analised in the laboratory, and according to the data collected in the field, quality reports on cork are effec~ll(lted for the owner. Subsequently, these samples are show in a permanent exposition in thejaboratorywhere buyers or any other person interested can obtain information about the quality offered in the different Andalusian forests. Since 1995, the obtained information is also being used, amplifying the data taken referent to select &quot;areas&quot; of the cork oak forests to be able to establish a select &quot;areas&quot; network of Quercus suber capable of producing high quality acorns.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: II Congreso Forestal Español</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fonseca, Fortunato M. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Louzada, José Luis P. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gomes, César A. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variaçáo da porosidade da cortiça determinismo fenotípico</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">II Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenotypical determinismo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porosity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">225 - 229</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analyses were made of the variation in the porosity of cork collected from 100 trees at the BHD level and in 30 trees, with reproduction cork collected at three levels of height with a fourth level of virgin cork. Despite verifying the recognizable and elevated variability (1 to 10) among trees, it (44%) is greatly exceeded by the internal variability (56%) of the porosity of cork in the individuals, without a presumable systematization with the growth or funcionality. The phenotype determinism, within the reproduction corks for the number of pores is relatively elevated (R2 =40% to 60%) but already reduced (R2 =20% to 30%) for the porosity. On the other hand, there doesn't exist any such type of phenotypical determinism between the poro sities of reproduction cork anf of virgin cork, something which also supports the hypothesis of elevated abnormalities or reaction in the formation of reproduction cork.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: II Congreso Forestal Español&lt;br/&gt;issue: 1982&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: Pamplona</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dionísio, M. S. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Correia, N. T.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Absorbed water in the cork structure. A study by thermally stimulated currents, dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, isothermal depolarization experiments and differential scanning calorimetry</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of materials …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cellular structure (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dielectric loss</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dielectric relaxation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TSDC</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water desorption</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/W311151N03T35133.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4394 - 4400</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper reports on a modification of the dielectric properties of cork which occurs as a consequence of heating above 60 ~ C or evacuation for several days. This phenomenon was observed using different experimental techniques (thermally stimulated currents, dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, isothermal depolarization experiments and differential scanning calorimetry), and the corresponding kinetics were analysed. It was observed that the original properties of cork were recovered if the sample was exposed to room air for several weeks. It is suggested that the reported modification of the dielectric properties arises from desorption, induced by heating or evacuation, of water molecules absorbed in the cork structure.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cordeiro, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neto, C. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gandini, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naceur Belgacem, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characterization of the cork surface by inverse gas chromatography</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of colloid and interface science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inverse Gas Chromatography (IGC)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">surface properties (PG)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021979785713872</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">174</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">246 - 249</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) at infinite dilution has been used to study the surface properties of cork from Quercus suber. The dispersive component of its surface energy was determined at different temperatures using n-alkanes as probes, and a GDS value of 38+-1mJ.m-2 at 40ºC was obtained. The surface acid (A)/base(B) properties were also evaluated by using polar probes and the results indicate that cork has an amphoteric character, with a KA/KB=1.1. The advantages of IGC, compared with the technique of contact angle measurements in the characterization of the cork surface, are discussed</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González Adrados, José Ramón</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FACTORES QUE DETERMINAN LA CALIDAD DEL CORCHO</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Congreso Forestal Español, Lourizán - Pontevedra. 1993</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber stands</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">327 - 332</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork quality, strongly related with economical profit 9f Quercus suber stands, is today determined by the visual characteristics of corkwood planks, mainly porosity and thickness. Variance in those'parameters is imputed to ecologic?l, selvicultural and genetic factors. Relationship between environmental factors and cork qua lit y is studied in this work. Data from two samples obteined in Extremadura and Catalonia show that this dependence is significati ve.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Congreso Forestal Español, Lourizán - Pontevedra. 1993</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ROSA, M. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FORTES, M. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WATER-ABSORPTION BY CORK</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIFFUSION COEFFICEIENTS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIMENSIONAL CHANGE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WATER ABSORPTION</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">339 - 348</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A study of liquid water absorption by cork was carried out in which the anisotropy of cork was taken into account. The changes with time of the mass, volume, and linear dimensions were measured for different orientations of the sections in cork exposed to liquid water at room temperature (20 C) and at 90-100 C. Two regimes of water absorption were identified, namely, a period involving dimensional change and a period with only mass change. Diffusion coefficients at both temperatures were estimated using a special technique. There is a small anisotropy with a faster diffusion in the radial direction. Diffusion coefficients at 90 C are two orders of magnitude larger than at room temperature. Water absorption in the cell walls causes the expansion of cork, which (for the boiled specimens tested) is slightly smaller in the radial direction. The volume increase is proportional to the mass increase and ceases after relatively short immersion times. At this stage, the cell walls are apparently saturated with water. Further immersion results in penetration of water into the cells. The kinetics of absorption is rather slow at long times, but eventually the cells become full of water, the density increases above that of water, and the cork sinks.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Filomena Bento, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aurea Cunha, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moutinho, A. M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FORTES, M. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A mass spectrometry study of thermal dissociation of cork</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electron-induced fragmentation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermal dissociation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016811769280004K</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">112</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">191 - 204</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mass spectrometry has proved a convenient technique for the analysis of plant cell-wall material. In this work a comparative study is made of chemically treated cork and untreated cork, applying a method in which samples were continuously heated in vacuum. The outgassing products, upon electron-induced fragmentation, are analysed by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Sequence of spectra at increasing temperatures were obtained for each sample, which allowed identification of the main groups of fragmentation. From such sequences of spectra one may derive intensity—temperature curves for each peak. Analysis of these curves for samples subjected to different treatments proved useful to identify the peaks, to assign the component which originates the species and even to derive activation energies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2–3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooke, Giles B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork and its uses</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Chemical Education</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork cells</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural cork</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">uses (voyant)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1931</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1931///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed008p1462</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork is the bark of the cork oak which i s found along the shores of the West- ern Mediterranean. When the tree is twenty years old the cork i s stripped from the trunk and at nine-year intewals thereafter. Cork i s composed of tiny air-filled cells held together by a natural resinous binder. Because of this structure cork i s light, compressible, resilient, and waterproof. Cork has a low thermal conductivity and a high coefficient of friction. Cork has b e a shown to contain tannins, phlobaphaes, lignin, and cerin. Glycerin and several acids h o e been obtained by saponification. Natural cork is used to manufacture stoppers, life presewers, and many other articles. Scraps of cork are ground and used i n the manufacture of cork composition from which gaskets, polishing wheels, crown seels, and numerous other articles are made. Corkboard for insulation and cork tile, cork carpet, and linoleum for floors, are manufactured from cork.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1021/ed008p1462doi: 10.1021/ed008p1462The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: American Chemical Society</style></notes></record></records></xml>