<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espelta, Josep Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortes, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molowny-Horas, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retana, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acorn crop size and pre-dispersal predation determine inter-specific differences in the recruitment of co-occurring oaks.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feeding Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feeding Behavior: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">germination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Germination: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models, Biological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seeds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seeds: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">weevils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weevils: physiology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19544074</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">161</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">559 - 68</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The contribution of pre-dispersal seed predation to inter-specific differences in recruitment remains elusive. In species with no resistance mechanisms, differences in pre-dispersal predation may arise from differences in seed abundance (plant satiation) or in the ability of seeds to survive insect infestation (seed satiation). This study aimed to analyse the impact of pre-dispersal acorn predation by weevils in two co-occurring Mediterranean oaks (Quercus ilex and Quercus humilis) and to compare its relevance with other processes involved in recruitment. We monitored the patterns of acorn production and acorn infestation by weevils and we conducted experimental tests of acorn germination after weevil infestation, post-dispersal predation and seedling establishment in mixed forests. Monitoring and experimental data were integrated in a simulation model to test for the effects of pre-dispersal predation in recruitment. In both oaks pre-dispersal acorn infestation decreased with increasing acorn crop size (plant satiation). This benefited Q. ilex which exhibited stronger masting behaviour than Q. humilis, with almost a single and outstanding reproductive event in 6 years. Acorn infestation was more than twice as high in Q. humilis (47.0%) as in Q. ilex (20.0%) irrespective of the number of seeds produced by each species. Although germination of infested acorns (seed satiation) was higher in Q. humilis (60%) than in Q. ilex (21%), this could barely mitigate the higher infestation rate in the former species, to reduce seed loss. Conversely to pre-dispersal predation, no inter-specific differences were observed either in post-dispersal predation or seedling establishment. Our results indicate that pre-dispersal predation may contribute to differences in seed supply, and ultimately in recruitment, between co-existing oaks. Moreover, they suggest that seed satiation can barely offset differences in seed infestation rates. This serves as a warning against overemphasising seed satiation as a mechanism to overcome seed predation by insects.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 19544074</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leiva, María José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-Alés, Rocío</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm-oak (Quercus ilex subsp. Ballota) acorns infestation by insects in Mediterranean dehesas and shrublands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">holm-oak self-regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">moths</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-dispersive acorn predation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree-to-tree variability in acorndry weight and in</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">weevils</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">212</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">221-229</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study is to know if acorn predation by insects is limiting the sexual regeneration of holm-oak in Mediterranean dehesas and if this process plays the same or a different role in these human-managed ecosystems and in adjacent Mediterranean shrublands which are much less intensively transformed and exploited by man than Mediterranean dehesas. We conducted the study in Southern Spain, in three sites containing dehesas and in three sites containing Mediterranean shrublands and included a total of 90 holm-oak trees (15 holm-oak trees per site) and 4500 acorns (50 acorns per tree). The weevil Curculio elephas and the moth Cydia fagiglandana were the insect species that predated the acorns collected from our sites. The per-tree mean percentage of insect-infested acorns was 16.6% for the whole set of trees included in the study. However, at any given site, variability in the infestation rate among individual trees was very high (i.e., 2–72% and 0–32% infested acorns per tree in the most and less variable sites, respectively). There were signiﬁcant differences in the infestation rate among the studied sites. However, these differences were not related to the ecosystem type as the group of sites that experienced the lowest signiﬁcant infestation rate (10–16% infested acorns per tree in average) were occupied either by dehesas or by shrublands and the same was true for the group of sites that experienced the highest signiﬁcant infestation rate (16–30% infested acorns per tree in average). Infested acorns experienced a 15% decreased in viability (i.e., acorn germination and seedling emergence) comparative to sound acorns. Combining this rate and the mean per-tree average rate of acorn infestation resulted in a 2.5% failures in seedling recruitment due to insect infestation for the whole studied area. We conclude that the effect of pre-dispersive seed predation on seedling recruitment is very low in average, although it likely varies moderately (i.e., from 1.5% to 4.5%) among sites. Current management in dehesas i.e., regular pruning of holm-oak trees and high consumption of the acorn crop by livestock from year to year, does not control pre-dispersive acorn predation by weevils and moths and thus, it does not contribute to explain the poor self-regeneration of the holm-oak trees in these ecosystems comparative to adjacent Mediterranean shrublands.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leiva, María José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-Alés, Rocío</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm-oak (Quercus ilex subsp. Ballota) acorns infestation by insects in Mediterranean dehesas and shrublands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">holm-oak self-regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">moths</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pre-dispersive acorn predation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree-to-tree variability in acorndry weight and in</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">weevils</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112705001970</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">212</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">221 - 229</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this study is to know if acorn predation by insects is limiting the sexual regeneration of holm-oak in Mediterranean dehesas and if this process plays the same or a different role in these human-managed ecosystems and in adjacent Mediterranean shrublands which are much less intensively transformed and exploited by man than Mediterranean dehesas. We conducted the study in Southern Spain, in three sites containing dehesas and in three sites containing Mediterranean shrublands and included a total of 90 holm-oak trees (15 holm-oak trees per site) and 4500 acorns (50 acorns per tree). The weevil Curculio elephas and the moth Cydia fagiglandana were the insect species that predated the acorns collected from our sites. The per-tree mean percentage of insect-infested acorns was 16.6% for the whole set of trees included in the study. However, at any given site, variability in the infestation rate among individual trees was very high (i.e., 2–72% and 0–32% infested acorns per tree in the most and less variable sites, respectively). There were signiﬁcant differences in the infestation rate among the studied sites. However, these differences were not related to the ecosystem type as the group of sites that experienced the lowest signiﬁcant infestation rate (10–16% infested acorns per tree in average) were occupied either by dehesas or by shrublands and the same was true for the group of sites that experienced the highest signiﬁcant infestation rate (16–30% infested acorns per tree in average). Infested acorns experienced a 15% decreased in viability (i.e., acorn germination and seedling emergence) comparative to sound acorns. Combining this rate and the mean per-tree average rate of acorn infestation resulted in a 2.5% failures in seedling recruitment due to insect infestation for the whole studied area. We conclude that the effect of pre-dispersive seed predation on seedling recruitment is very low in average, although it likely varies moderately (i.e., from 1.5% to 4.5%) among sites. Current management in dehesas i.e., regular pruning of holm-oak trees and high consumption of the acorn crop by livestock from year to year, does not control pre-dispersive acorn predation by weevils and moths and thus, it does not contribute to explain the poor self-regeneration of the holm-oak trees in these ecosystems comparative to adjacent Mediterranean shrublands.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-3</style></issue></record></records></xml>