<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez-Puratich, Harald</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vicente Oliver-Villanueva, Jose</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quantification of biomass and energetic value of young natural regenerated stands of Quercus ilex under Mediterranean conditions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BOSQUE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energetic value</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quantification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65 - 74</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest biomass is key to Spain's energy policy. National, regional and local strategies, development programs of management plans and biomass and quantification of the most important species are fundamental. The objective of this research was to quantify and to analyze the calorific value of biomass of holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) under Mediterranean conditions. To do this, several natural regenerated plots were selected in the Valencian Community (Eastern Spain). The main obtained results show that the average volume and weight per tree are 0.045 m(3) tree(-1) and 0.033 Mg tree(-1) respectively. In addition, the form factor was determined (0.66). With an average stand density of 3,200 trees ha(-1), the total potential biomass is 105.4 Mg ha(-1). With the results obtained, a function of stem biomass related to the variables DBH (diameter at breast height) and Vf (volume of stem) has been adjusted with significantly high determination level and low estimation errors. This function can be used for the prediction of biomass quantification in natural regenerated holm oak pure stands in the Mediterranean area. Laboratory results show an energetic value of 17.0 MJ kg(-1) biomass. Therefore, the total potential energy is 513 MJ tree(-1) and 1.8 GJ ha(-1). Considering the large forest areas and the potential resources derived from clearings, thinning and fire prevention silvicultural treatments, the holm oak has the aptitude to be considered a valid raw material for energy use (mainly thermal) in Mediterranean rural areas.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: CASILLA 567, VALDIVIA, 00000, CHILE&lt;br/&gt;publisher: UNIV AUSTRAL CHILE, FAC CIENCIAS FORESTALES</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pons, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pausas, Juli G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The coexistence of acorns with different maturation patterns explains acorn production variability in cork oak.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evergreen oaks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fruit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fruit: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hypothesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Masting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean woodlands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weather</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246473</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">169</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">723 - 731</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In dry areas such as Mediterranean ecosystems, fluctuations in seed production are typically explained by resource (water) availability. However, acorn production in cork oak (Quercus suber) populations shows a very low relationship to weather. Because cork oak trees produce acorns with different maturation patterns (annual and biennial), we hypothesized that acorn production in coexisting individuals with a different dominant acorn maturation type should respond differently to climatic factors and that disaggregating the trees according to their acorn-maturation pattern should provide a more proximal relation to weather factors. We assessed acorn production variability in fragmented cork oak populations of the eastern Iberian Peninsula by counting the total number of acorns in 155 trees during an 8-year period. An initial assessment of acorn production variability in relation to weather parameters yielded very low explained variance (7%). However, after the trees were grouped according to their dominant acorn maturation pattern, weather parameters were found to account for 44% of the variability in acorn crops, with trees with annual acorns exhibiting mast fruiting in years with reduced spring frost and shorter summer droughts and trees with biennial acorns showing the opposite pattern. Thus, conditions that negatively affect annual production could be beneficial for biennial production (and vice versa). The results highlight the importance of the resource-matching hypothesis for explaining acorn production in Quercus suber and suggest that different seed maturation types within a population may allow the species to deal with highly variable weather conditions. They also emphasize the importance of understanding acorn maturation patterns for interpreting masting cycles.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 22246473</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feest, Alan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardoso, Pedro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The comparison of site spider “biodiversity quality” in Portuguese protected areas</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Indicators</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simpson Index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Site ranking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Conservation Value Index (SCVI)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X11002603</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">229 - 235</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spiders at 23 Portuguese protected area sites were sampled (pitfall trapped) over 10-month periods. The data allowed for a “biodiversity quality” assessment consisting of the following indices: Species Richness, Biomass, Simpson Index, Species Conservation Value Index and Population Density. These “biodiversity quality” characteristics were reviewed for relative indication of site spider “biodiversity quality”. Spiders are proposed as a group of organisms that could be used to indicate part of the “biodiversity quality” of a site since they can be sampled in a standardised way and yield biodiversity indices for comparison spatially and temporally. The approach adopted in this paper allows a range of “biodiversity quality” indices to be measured for spiders in Portuguese protected areas which, in turn requires decisions from scientists, managers and politicians on what element or characteristic of biodiversity it is intended to be targeted.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schaffhauser, Alice</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curt, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Véla, Errol</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tatoni, Thierry</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recurrent fires and environment shape the vegetation in Quercus suber L. woodlands and maquis.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comptes rendus biologies</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acidic soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork-oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erica arborea L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire recurrence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fires</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">France</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant communities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants: classification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22721564</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">335</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">424 - 434</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effects of fire recurrence on vegetation patterns in Quercus suber L. and Erica-Cistus communities in Mediterranean fire-prone ecosystems of south-eastern France were examined on stands belonging to 5 fire classes, corresponding to different numbers of fires (from 0 to 4) and time intervals between fires since 1959. A common pool of species was identified among the plots, which was typical of both open and closed maquis. Fire recurrence reduced the abundance of trees and herbs, whereas it increased the abundance of small shrubs. Richness differed significantly between the most contrasting classes of fire recurrence, with maximal values found in control plots and minimal values in plots that had burned recurrently and recently. Equitability indices did not vary significantly, in contrast to Shannon's diversity index which mostly correlated with richness. Forest ecosystems that have burnt once or twice in the last 50 years were resilient; that is to say they recovered a biomass and composition similar to that of the pre-fire state. However, after more than 3-4 fires, shrubland communities displayed lower species richness and diversity indices than unburned plots. The time since the last fire and the number of fires were the most explanatory fire variables, governing the structure of post-fire plant communities. However, environmental factors, such as slope or exposure, also made a significant contribution. Higher rates of fire recurrence can affect the persistence or expansion of shrublands in the future, as observed in other Mediterranean areas.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 22721564</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Armas, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pugnaire, Francisco Ignacio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant neighbour identity matters to belowground interactions under controlled conditions.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PloS one</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">citation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Roots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Roots: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3219686&amp;tool=pmcentrez&amp;rendertype=abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Root competition is an almost ubiquitous feature of plant communities with profound effects on their structure and composition. Far beyond the traditional view that plants interact mainly through resource depletion (exploitation competition), roots are known to be able to interact with their environment using a large variety of mechanisms that may inhibit or enhance access of other roots to the resource or affect plant growth (contest interactions). However, an extensive analysis on how these contest root interactions may affect species interaction abilities is almost lacking.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 22114696</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boulmane, Mohamed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Makhloufi, Mohamed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bouillet, Jean-Pierre</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saint-Andre, Laurent</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Satrani, Badr</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Halim, Mohamed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elantry-Tazi, Salwa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estimation of the organic carbon stock in the ecosystem of the Middle Atlas Moroccan Quercus ilex forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACTA BOTANICA GALLICA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mineralisation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organic carbon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">157</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">451 - 467</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present study was carried out in Quercus ilex forest of the Middle Moroccan Central Atlas (Tafachna and Reggada). It aims at the determination of the organic carbon stock in the various layers of the soils, the litter and the various components of the tree (wood of the trunk, bark, branches, smal branches and leaves). It comes out from this study that the stock of total carbon (SCOT) in the ecosystem of the holm oak is of 145 t C/ha for Tafachna and 114 t C/ha for Reggada. The organic carbon stock of soils (SCOS) represents more than 50% of the SCT. This stock varies considerably with the density of peuplement with 80 t C/ha for Tafachna (5192 species/ha) and 56 t C/ha for Reggada (1584 species/ha). Contrary to the carbon stock in the phytomass which is equal 64 t C/ha for Tafachna and 58 t C/ha for Reggada. More than 80% of the organic carbon stock of the soils is stored in the first 30 centimeters, that is about 63 t/ha (43% of the SCOT) for Tafachna and 47 t/ha (41% of the SCOT) for Reggada.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: FACULTE DE PHARMACIE, BP 83, F-59006 LILLE-CEDEX, FRANCE&lt;br/&gt;publisher: SOC BOTANIQUE FRANCE</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez-González, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bogino, S. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adame, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herrero, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ROIG, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paulo, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bravo, F.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bravo, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jandl, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LeMay, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gadow, K. V.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silviculture and Carbon Sequestration in Mediterranean Oak Forests</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Managing Forest Ecosystems: The Challenge of Climate Change,</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon stock</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kyoto protocol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Netherlands</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">317 - 318</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-1-4020-8342-6</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Kyoto Protocol requires every industrialized country to have a transparent and verifiable method for estimating the size and evolution of the carbon stored in forest ecosystems. The intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC, 2007) predicts the evolution of the stock over the first commitment period (2008–2012) using the “bottom-up approach”. This approach is based on the use of data from national or regional forest inventories. The biomass of living trees including their dead parts comprises the main carbon pool in forest ecosystems along with the biomass of understorey plants, litter, woody debris and soil organic matter (Pignard et al., 2004). The objective of this chapter is to present some of the studies currently being carried out in Spain and Portugal which are concerned with the possibility of estimating the amount of carbon fixed by two of the main oak species in the Iberian Peninsula; rebollo oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) and cork oak (Quercus suber L.). Three different methodological approaches have been used. The first approach is to use growth models to evaluate the carbon sequestration in both cork and wood over the life of a cork oak plantation. This approach has been applied both for Spain and Portugal. The second approach involves using a yield table as a tool to estimate the carbon sequestration in Quercus pyrenaica forests based on Spanish National Forest Inventories. In a third approach, data from a network of plots is used to estimate the carbon sequestration in pure and mixed Quercus pyrenaica forests. The application of these different methodologies would allow us to forecast and improve the carbon sequestration in oak forests as well as increasing our understanding of their dynamics.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Managing Forest Ecosystems: The Challenge of Climate Change,&lt;br/&gt;electronic-resource-num: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8343-3</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barboutis, John a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philippou, John L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evergreen Mediterranean hardwoods as particleboard raw material</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Building and Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean evergreen hardwoods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">particleboard</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360132305004786</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1183 - 1187</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood and biomass (branches and foliage) of ﬁve Mediterranean evergreen hardwood species (Quercus coccifera, Quercus ilex, Arbutus unedo, Phillyrea latifolia, Erica arborea) growing in Greece were investigated as particleboard raw material. The average diameter of the stems varied between the species from 4.1 cm (Erica arborea) to 7.5 cm (Quercus ilex) and the bark to wood ratio of the stems varied between the species from 7.8% (Quercus ilex) to 15.9% (Erica arborea). Bulk density of particleboard furnishes produced by processing the above materials through a chipper and a ring ﬂaker varied between the species from 143.6 to 162.5 kg/m 3 . Common industrial furnish reached in the used lab conditions a bulk density of 143 kg/m 3 . Particle size and their distribution also varied between the hardwood species. One-layer laboratory particleboards made with the above materials at densities of 650, 700 and 750 kg/m 3 had considerable lower mechanical properties but better dimensional stability than boards made with common industrial furnish. All properties were affected by wood species and board density. Internal bond of all boards was higher than the value required by EN 319/1993 but adequate bending strength at moderate densities (0.70 kg/m 3 ) was achieved only in boards made with Arbutus unedo and Quercus ilex. Boards made with branches and foliage had very low mechanical properties.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sardans, Jordi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Introduction of the factor of partitioning in the lithogenic enrichment factors of trace element bioaccumulation in plant tissues.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental monitoring and assessment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bryopsida</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bryopsida: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bryopsida: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Pollutants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Pollutants: analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trace Elements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trace Elements: analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16648953</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">115</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">473 - 98</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioindicators are widely used in the study of trace elements inputs into the environment and great efforts have been conducted to separate atmospheric from soil borne inputs on biomass accumulation. Many monitoring studies of trace element pollution take into account the dust particles located in the plant surface plus the contents of the plant tissues. However, it is usually only the trace element content in the plant tissues that is relevant on plant health. Enrichment factor equations take into account the trace element enrichment of biomasses with respect soil or bedrocks by comparing the ratios of the trace element in question to a lithogenic element, usually Al. However, the enrichment equations currently in use are inadequate because they do not take into account the fact that Al (or whichever reference element) and the element in question may have different solubility-absorption-retention levels depending on the rock and soil types involved. This constrain will become critical when results from different sites are compared and so in this article we propose that the solubility factors of each element are taken into account in order to overcome this constrain. We analysed Sb, Co, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, Mn, V, Zn, Cu, As, Hg, and Al concentration in different zones of Catalonia (NE Spain) using the evergreen oak Quercus ilex and the moss Hypnum cupressiforme as target species. We compared the results obtained in rural and non industrial areas with those from the Barcelona Metropolitan Area. We observed differences in Al concentrations of soils and bedrocks at each different site, together with the differences in solubility between Al and the element in question, and a weak correlation between total soil content and water extract content through different sites for most trace elements. All these findings show the unsuitability of the current enrichment factors for calculating lithospheric and atmospheric contributions to trace element concentrations in biomass tissues. The trace element enrichment factors were calculated by subtracting the part predicted by substrate composition (deduced from water extracts from soils and bedrock) from total concentrations. Results showed that for most of the trace elements analysed, trace elements enrichment factors were higher inside the Barcelona Metropolitan Area than outside, a finding that indicates that greater atmospheric inputs occur in urban areas. The results show that the most useful and correct way of establishing a reference for lithospheric and atmospheric inputs into the plant tissues is, first, to analyse samples of the same plant species collected from a number of sites possessing similar environmental conditions (climate, vegetation type, soil type) and, second, to use this new enrichment factor obtained by subtracting from the total concentration in plant tissue the predicted contribution of soil or bedrock extracts instead of that of total soil or bedrock concentrations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 16648953</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franco, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinto, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gulyurtlu, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cabrita, I.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study of reactions influencing the biomass steam gasification process</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FUEL</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fluidised bed</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gasification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">steam</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">835 - 842</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steam gasification studies were carried out in an atmospheric fluidised bed. The gasifier was operated over a temperature range of 700900 degreesC whilst varying a steam/biomass ratio from 0.4 to 0.85 w/w. Three types of forestry biomass were studied: Pinus pinaster (softwood), Eucalyptus globulus and holm-oak (hardwood). The energy conversion, gas composition, higher heating value and gas yields were determined and correlated with temperature, steam/biomass ratio, and species of biomass used. The results obtained seemed to suggest that the operating conditions were optimised for a gasification temperature around 830 degreesC and a steam/biomass ratio of 0.6-0.7 w/w, because a gas richer in hydrogen and poorer in hydrocarbons and tars was produced. These conditions also favoured greater energy and carbon conversions, as well the gas yield. The main objective of the present work was to determine what reactions were dominant within the operation limits of experimental parameters studied and what was the effect of biomass type on the gasification process. As biomass wastes usually have a problem of availability because of seasonal variations, this work analysed the possibility of replacing one biomass species by another, without altering the gas quality obtained. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND&lt;br/&gt;publisher: ELSEVIER SCI LTD</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López, B. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabate, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gracia, C. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thinning effects on carbon allocation to fine roots in a Quercus ilex forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">longevity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">production</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/17/1217.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1217 - 1224</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The dynamics of the fine root system are relevant to calculations of the carbon balance of the ecosystem, and there is also a need to quantify changes in this component caused by disturbances. Mediterranean forest systems have historically been coppiced to obtain charcoal. As a result of the resprouting capacity of holm oaks (Quercus ilex L.), these forests present more than 50% of their biomass below ground (stump + roots &gt; 1 cm in diameter), but the effects of thinning on the fine root system are unknown. Fine root biomass, production, mortality and longevity were studied in a control and a thinned Mediterranean holm oak forest by minirhizotron methodology. Observations of fine roots started 2 years after thinning and continued for almost 3 years. Extraction of 80% of the former basal area of the forest greatly affected carbon allocation patterns. Biomass increased by more than 100%, production increased by 76%, mortality increased by 32% and longevity decreased by around 2 weeks. The greatest differences between treatments were associated with differences in growth during autumn months in the top 40 cm of soil, particularly between 10 and 20 cm depth.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/23.17.121710.1093/treephys/23.17.1217</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanz, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merino, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Response of two populations of holm oak (Quercus rotundifolia Lam.) to sulfur dioxide.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecotoxicology and environmental safety</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adaptation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Air Pollutants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Air Pollutants: adverse effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">air pollution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GROWTH RATE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photosynthesis: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physiological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pollutants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus rotundifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulfur Dioxide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulfur Dioxide: adverse effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulphur dioxide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees: drug effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees: genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees: physiology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9626534</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42 - 48</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experiments were carried out with seedlings of Quercus rotundifolia Lam., an evergreen schlerophyllous tree typical of the Spanish Mediterranean climate environments. Fruits were collected in two distant (800 km) populations located in the center (southern Spain) and northern border (northern Spain) of the area of distribution of the species. One-month-old potted plants were grown for 130 days in an enriched atmosphere of SO2 (0.23 ppm, 14 h/day) in controlled (growth chamber) conditions. Both northern and southern plants underwent a significant decrease in growth rate as a consequence of the treatment. Even so, plants appear to be quite resistant to SO2 compared with either more temperate or more productive species. The southern population was more sensitive to the treatment, as reflected by the bigger decrease in both growth and photosynthetic rates. Differences in resistance appear to be related to the biogeographic origin of the populations studied, which underlines the importance of biogeographic aspects in studies of resistance to air pollutants.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 9626534</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galante, Eduardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MENA, JAVIER</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LUMBRERAS, CARLOS</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae) Attracted to Fresh Cattle Dung in Wooded and Open Pasture</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Entomology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dung beetles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pastureland</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1063 - 1068</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The biomass of dung beetles attracted to fresh cattle dung was studied in a Mediterranean holm oak pasture ecosystem with a continental Mediterranean climate (supramediterranean level). Results indicated a nonuniform biomass distribution of dung beetles throughout the year. Major peaks of species activity and biomass concentration of dung beetles occurred in open areas of the pasture in the spring followed by minor peaks in the fall. Beetle biomass in the open pasture was greater than that in the wooded pasture. The species of dung beetles comprising the greatest amount of biomass and the most important species available to destroy cattle dung pats in Mediterranean ecosystemswith a continental climate were Bubas bubalus Olivier, Onthophagus opacicollis d'Orbigny, Copris hispanus (L.), Copris lunaris (L.), and Onthophagus vacca (L.).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Puerto, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rico, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Differences between oligotrophic communities resulting from old-field succession in relation to bedrock</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">granite</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean grasslands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">slate</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/q1h35p340068p71t.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83 - 92</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa ecosystems on granite and on slate clearly differ in soil characteristics. Our aim was to find out whether floristic composition differed too. We selected an equal number of plots, on both granite and slate, in different successional stages of development and at various ages after field abandonment (the youngest 15-20 years). Plots with rock-outcrops, which had never been cultivated, were also included in the study. The results showed that floristic differences between granite and slate communities were not detectable in the younger successional stages. However, they showed up with time and on stabilized grasslands became significant. But on plots with rock-outcrops the differences were not observable. This was undoubtedly influenced by the peculiar features of these plots, characterised by poor arid soils and surface parent material. In fact they did not show significant differences in the analysed soil parameters either. Species diversity and biomass showed a similar pattern of differences to floristic composition. The highest species diversity was found on plots with lower biomass (the youngest ones). The lowest biomass in conjunction with quite low species diversity was found on plots with rock-outcrops, which again is consistent with their peculiar features.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>