<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Di Rita, Federico</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melis, Rita Teresa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The cultural landscape near the ancient city of Tharros (central West Sardinia): vegetation changes and human impact</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Archaeological Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sardinia</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305440313002331</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4271 - 4282</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The evolution of the cultural landscape in coastal western Sardinia is investigated by means of pollen analysis in the Mistras Lagoon sediments, near the ancient city of Tharros, with particular attention to changes in evergreen vegetation and the impact of human activity. The pollen diagram, spanning the time interval from 5300 to 1600 cal BP, documents the influence of man, climate, and geomorphic dynamics and on the evolution of a semi-open evergreen vegetation landscape and variations in extent of a salt-marsh environment. Anthropogenic indicators and microcharcoals concur in depicting increased land use coinciding with the Nuragic, Phoenician, Punic and Roman dominations. Pollen data, along with archaeobotanical evidence, suggest a prevailing arable farming economy, vocated to Vitis and cereals expoitation, during the Nuragic phase until 2400 cal BP, replaced since then by a prevailing stock rearing economy. Between 2050 and 1600 cal BP, a less intensive human impact on the landscape is profiled, consistently with the archaeologically documented abandonment of the rural villages in favour of a slow urbanization, experienced by the Sinis territory in Imperial times. The pollen record provides new insights into the history of important economic plants in the Mediterranean, such as Vitis, Olea and Quercus suber. The results of the pollen analysis reveal how the records of these taxa are primarily influenced by the cultural development of the Sinis region and secondarily by dynamics involving the natural companion vegetation.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López-Sáez, José Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abel-Schaad, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez-Díaz, Sebastián</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blanco-González, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alba-Sánchez, Francisca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dorado, Miriam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruiz-Zapata, Blanca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil-García, María José</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez-González, Clemencia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franco-Múgica, Fátima</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation history, climate and human impact in the Spanish Central System over the last 9000 years</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quaternary International</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape change (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">livestock intensification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pollen records</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spanish Central System</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation changes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-25</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract In this paper we present a review of the available Holocene pollen records from the Spanish Central System (113 sites and 150 14C dates). Palynological data obtained from pollen analyses of peat-bogs, lakes and archaeological sites, as well as radiocarbon dating, were used to infer the human impact on vegetation and landscape during the last 9 millennia. The Neolithic contribution to the configuration of landscape is scarce, limited to the valleys, while Chalcolithic settlements and their related activities (agriculture and grazing) represent the first evidence of significant human impact on the high-mountains. The pollen record has allowed us to relate two cultural periods of changing, the Copper Age–Early Bronze Age and Late Bronze Age–Early Iron Age transitions, to abrupt climate disruptions, the so-called 4.2 and 2.8 ka cal {BP} events respectively. From the Iron Age to the Early Middle Ages, anthropic activities were still sporadic, mainly located in the lowlands, but from the Feudal Period onwards, when La Mesta transhumance system takes place, high-mountain landscapes changed dramatically. Late Modern Period brings a further intensification of human pressure, especially related to forestry, with widespread pinewood afforestation.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bisculm, Martina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colombaroli, Daniele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vescovi, Elisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Leeuwen, Jacqueline F. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henne, Paul D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rothen, Julian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Procacci, Giovanni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pasta, Salvatore</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">La Mantia, Tommaso</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tinner, Willy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene vegetation and fire dynamics in the supra-mediterranean belt of the Nebrodi Mountains (Sicily, Italy)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Quaternary Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ilex aquifolium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">macrofossils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2551</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">687 - 698</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">High-resolution pollen, macrofossil and charcoal data, combined with accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dating and multivariate analysis, were used to reconstruct Holocene vegetation and fire dynamics at Urio Quattrocchi, a small lake in the supra-mediterranean belt in the Nebrodi Mountains of Sicily (Italy). The data suggest that after 10 000 cal a BP increasing moisture availability supported closed forests with deciduous (Quercus cerris, Fagus sylvatica and Fraxinus spp.) and evergreen (Quercus ilex) species. Species-rich closed forest persisted until 6850 cal a BP, when Neolithic activities caused a forest decline and affected plant diversity. Secondary forest with abundant Ilex aquifolium recovered between 6650 and 6000 cal a BP, indicating moist conditions. From 5000 cal a BP, agriculture and pastoralism led to the currently fragmented landscape with sparse deciduous forests (Quercus cerris). The study suggests that evergreen broadleaved species were more important at elevations above 1000 m a.s.l. before ca. 5000 cal a BP than subsequently, which might reflect less human impact or warmer-than-today climatic conditions between 10 000 and 5000 cal a BP. Despite land use since Neolithic times, deciduous supra-mediterranean forests were never completely displaced from the Nebrodi Mountains, because of favourable moist conditions that persisted throughout the Holocene. Reconstructed vegetation dynamics document the absence of any pronounced mid- or late-Holocene ‘aridification’ trend at the site, an issue which is controversially debated in Italy and the Mediterranean region. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drescher-Schneider, Ruth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Beaulieu, Jacques-Louis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magny, Michel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walter-Simonnet, Anne-Véronique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bossuet, Gilles</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Millet, Laurent</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brugiapaglia, Elisabetta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drescher, Anton</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation history, climate and human impact over the last 15,000 years at Lago dell’Accesa (Tuscany, Central Italy)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation History and Archaeobotany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Late Pleistocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pollen analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">279-299</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interdisciplinary studies of the sediments of Lago dell’Accesa started in 2001. We present here results from the palynological study. The pollen diagram provides a record of vegetation and climatic change spanning over 15,000 years. The oldest pollen spectra show a late-glacial steppe vegetation typical of central and southern Italy during this period. The Late-glacial Interstadial, interrupted by two cooling events, is dominated by open deciduous oak forests. The Younger Dryas is represented by 150 cm of sediment and shows the presence of steppic vegetation. The Holocene vegetation is characterised by alternating dominance of deciduous oaks and Quercus ilex. The three zones characterised by Q. ilex are accompanied by peat layers marking lake-level lowering at ca. 8600–7900, 4600–4300 and 3700–2800 cal b.p. Between approximately 9000 and 6000 cal b.p. extensive Abies-forests existed on the Colline Metallifere located 15–20 km to the north and northeast of the lake. Local ﬁr populations may also have existed by the lake. Human impact starts at approximately 8000 cal b.p. during the Neolithic period, and increases at ca. 4300 cal b.p. Castanea and Juglans pollen is recorded from ca. 2800 cal b.p. The impact of the Etruscan settlement near the lakeshore is shown in the increasing values of arable crops, species of secondary forest canopy (Ericaceae, Pinus, Pistacia, Myrtus) and anthropogenic indicators (Chenopodiaceae, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex etc).</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Beaulieu, J.-L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miras, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrieu-Ponel, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guiter, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation dynamics in north-western Mediterranean regions: Instability of the Mediterranean bioclimate</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">palaeoclimates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">palynology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">review</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263500500197858</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">139</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">114 - 126</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract Pollen and plant macrofossil records from a selection of sites in Spain, France and Italy are used to explore the origin and the development of the Mediterranean vegetation. The role of evergreen and summergreen taxa is discussed. The expansion of sclerophyllous trees during the Pleistocene interglacials is well correlated with the orbital forcing. During the Holocene, the large number of data illustrates latitudinal and longitudinal differences in vegetation dynamics. Multidisciplinary studies identify short terms climatic fluctuations. The debate is still open between those who attribute an increase of sclerophyllous forests during the late Holocene to a trend toward aridity and those who consider this dynamic as human-induced.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/11263500500197858doi: 10.1080/11263500500197858The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jalut, Guy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esteban Amat, Augustin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonnet, Louis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gauquelin, Thierry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fontugne, Michel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene climatic changes in the Western Mediterranean, from south-east France to south-east Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climatic changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">holocene vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">western Mediterranean</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">160</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">255-290</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene climatic changes along coastal regions from south-east France to south-east Spain were studied using pollen ratios. Comparing modern pollen rain, vegetation and climate along selected transects from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean, we obtained threshold values of two diVerent ratios corresponding to the diVerent climatic conditions along the transects. These pollen ratios and threshold values were employed to characterize the Holocene climatic changes from nine Mediterranean coastal sites. The results were compared with data from marine and continental pollen sequences distributed in the western Mediterranean basin, and with additional regional data independent of human activity: lake-level ﬂuctuations, alpine glacier advance and retreat chronology, 14C anomaly and cooling phases in Eastern France and Central Europe. The role of anthropogenic activities and climate on the changes in vegetation is discussed. Six major changes in vegetation cover were identiﬁed. They correspond to aridiﬁcation phases that occurred around 9500–9000 yr BP (10 900–9700 cal BP), 7500–7000 yr BP (8400–7600 cal BP), 4500–4000 yr BP (5300–4200 cal BP), 3700–3300 yr BP (4300–3400 cal BP), 2600–1900 yr BP (2850–1730 cal BP) and 1300–1000 yr BP (1300–750 cal BP). These arid episodes were regional responses to more global climatic changes and determined the changes in the vegetation cover. Humans undoubtedly enhanced the vegetation changes, but none the less had to adapt to these new climatic conditions.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jahns, Susanne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bogaard, Christel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New palynological and tephrostratigraphical investigations of two salt lagoons on the island of Mljet, south Dalmatia, Croatia</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation History and Archaeobotany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climatic impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mercato-Ottaviano tephra</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation history</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vesuvius</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer-Verlag</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">219-234</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the sediments of both of the investigated lakes, the tephra from the Mercato-Ottaviano eruption (Vesuvius, southern Italy) (ca. 7900 B.P.) could be identified. The palynological investigations show that from ca. 9000-7200 B.P. (8000-6000 cal B.C.) deciduous oak forests predominated, with only a few representatives of Mediterranean vegetation. At the transition to the central European Atlantic Period those forests changed to an open vegetation type, dominated byJuniperus andPhillyrea. At about 5500 B.P. (4400 cal B.C.), theJuniperus-Phillyrea vegetation was replaced byQuercus ilex woodland that still occurs on the island of Mljet today and is considered to be the natural vegetation of the Dalmatian coastland. The associated vegetation of theQ. ilex forests changed several times. At the beginning of theQ. ilex period,Juniperus values were still high, but soon they decreased andErica spread. In more recent times theQ. ilex forests were partially replaced by plantations ofPinus halcpensis. Indicators of human impact are sparse throughout the pollen record. Clear evidence for human influence exists only from ca. 3100 B.P. (1300 cal B.C.) whenJuglans andPinus halepensis were introduced to the area. Later,Olea andSecale cultivation can be suggested and further spreading ofJuniperus indicates use of the land as pasture.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carcaillet, Christopher</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barakat, Hala N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Panaïotis, Christophe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loisel, Roger</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire and late-Holocene expansion of Quercus ilex and Pinus pinaster on Corsica</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">charcoal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evergreen mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fango valley</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAB reserve</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quaternary ecology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85-94</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract. The natural origin of old Quercus ilex (holm oak) forests on the west coast of Corsica is a matter of dispute. This paper discusses the use of pedoanthracology, especially adapted to approach topics in palaeoecology requiring a high spatial precision. It also shows the importance of fire in vegetation change during the Holocene. Pedoanthracology relies on botanical identification and AMS 14C dating of micro-charcoal found in soil. Three test pits were dug in a forest currently protected within the ‘Man and Biosphere’ program. These pits yielded large quantities of charcoal. There is evidence that Pinus nigra ssp. laricio (laricio pine) and understorey heather species (Ericaceae) played an important role in the vegetation at the beginning of the Subatlantic (ca. 2500 BP). The importance of Pinus pinaster (maritime pine), Quercus ilex and a few mesophilic species increased between 2000 and 1000 BP. Charcoal fragments found in the soil show the role of fire in the vegetation changes recorded. The late expansion of P. pinaster results from a high fire frequency. The hypothesis proposed in the paper suggests that fires destroyed the remaining toxic humus that had accumulated during the millennia which preceded the arrival of Q. ilex to our study sites. The late development of holm oak forest is a combination of the migration of the species and the increase of fire frequency since 2500 BP, most probably resulting from slash-and-burn agriculture.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carcaillet, Christopher</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barakat, Hala N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Panaïotis, Christophe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loisel, Roger</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire and late-Holocene expansion of Quercus ilex and Pinus pinaster on Corsica</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">charcoal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evergreen mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fango valley</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAB reserve</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quaternary ecology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3237246</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85 - 94</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract. The natural origin of old Quercus ilex (holm oak) forests on the west coast of Corsica is a matter of dispute. This paper discusses the use of pedoanthracology, especially adapted to approach topics in palaeoecology requiring a high spatial precision. It also shows the importance of fire in vegetation change during the Holocene. Pedoanthracology relies on botanical identification and AMS 14C dating of micro-charcoal found in soil. Three test pits were dug in a forest currently protected within the ‘Man and Biosphere’ program. These pits yielded large quantities of charcoal. There is evidence that Pinus nigra ssp. laricio (laricio pine) and understorey heather species (Ericaceae) played an important role in the vegetation at the beginning of the Subatlantic (ca. 2500 BP). The importance of Pinus pinaster (maritime pine), Quercus ilex and a few mesophilic species increased between 2000 and 1000 BP. Charcoal fragments found in the soil show the role of fire in the vegetation changes recorded. The late expansion of P. pinaster results from a high fire frequency. The hypothesis proposed in the paper suggests that fires destroyed the remaining toxic humus that had accumulated during the millennia which preceded the arrival of Q. ilex to our study sites. The late development of holm oak forest is a combination of the migration of the species and the increase of fire frequency since 2500 BP, most probably resulting from slash-and-burn agriculture.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badal, Ernestina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bernabeu, Joan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VERNET, J. L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation changes and human action from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age (7000–4000 BP) in Alicante, Spain, based on charcoal analysis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation History and Archaeobotany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bronze</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHARCOAL ANALYSIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neolithic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/V4M715017P1K1UV9.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">155 - 166</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charcoal analysis reveals various palaeo-eco- logical phases from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. Ag- riculture starts about 7000 B.P. in favourable ecological conditions. Most of the charcoal spectra from sites iin the coast represent thermomediterranean holm-oak forest; those from the inland mountains represent mesome- diterranean holm-oak forest. The Neolithic I Impressed Ware people were the first to clear the forest to plant their crops. This clearance of primary woodland resulted in the development of secondary vegetation of pine woods or scrub. The scrub reached its maximum during the Bell Beaker phase and Bronze Age in the Cova de les Cendres. In the Neolithic II open air sites, the percent- ages of Quercus ilex/coccifera remain high. This may be the result of a different exploitation of the land, or suit- able conditions for the growth and survival of the vegeta- tion.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>