<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuesta, Bárbara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villar-Salvador, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Puértolas, Jaime</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rey Benayas, José M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michalet, Richard</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facilitation of Quercus ilex in Mediterranean shrubland is explained by both direct and indirect interactions mediated by herbs</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chlorophyll fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">herb competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">retama sphaerocarpa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water potential</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01655.xhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01655.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">98</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">687 - 696</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1. Competitive and facilitative interactions shape plant communities. Whereas a number of studies have addressed competition and direct facilitation among plants in dry ecosystems, indirect facilitation has received little attention. 2. We investigated the relative importance of direct and indirect facilitation by the nurse plant Retama sphaerocarpa on late-successional Quercus ilex seedlings mediated by herb suppression in a Mediterranean shrubland in 2006 and 2007. We also studied whether facilitation outcome depended on the size of the facilitated seedlings. 3. A field experiment was carried out to test the effect of (i) position of Q. ilex seedling with respect to shrub canopy (under shrubs or in gaps), (ii) herb competition (presence or absence), and (iii) seedling size. 2006 was an average rainfall year while 2007 had a much more humid spring and a dryer summer than 2006. 4. In both years, nurse shrubs reduced seedling mortality whereas herbs increased it. In the average rainfall year, seedling mortality under shrubs was unaffected by herbs whereas in gaps it was significantly higher in presence of herbs. This showed that the nurse shrub indirectly facilitated the seedlings by reducing the competitive capacity of herbs. Conversely, facilitation was predominately direct during the humid spring and dry summer year since herbs hindered seedling survival similarly under the nurse shrub and in gaps. The nurse shrub directly facilitated the seedlings by reducing seedling photoinhibition and water stress. 5. Improvement of environmental conditions by Retama benefited smaller seedlings but not larger seedlings since the nurse shrub reduced mortality of smaller seedlings relative to that in gaps, but this effect was not observed for larger seedlings. This indicates that individuals within a seedling population may not have the same response to facilitation. 6. Synthesis. Both indirect and direct facilitation are important mechanisms for Q. ilex regeneration in Retama shrubland and their importance seems to vary with climatic conditions. Indirect facilitation by release of herb competition under nurse shrubs is important in years of dry springs when competition between nurse shrubs and herbs is high, whereas direct facilitation mediated by microclimate amelioration increases with summer aridity.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lozano Parra, F. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schnabel, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceballos Barbancho, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DINÁMICA DEL AGUA DEL SUELO EN DEHESA BAJO DIFERENTES CUBIERTAS VEGETALES. RESULTADOS PRELIMINARES.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estudios en la Zona no Saturada del Suelo</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bajo copa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">humedad del suelo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pastizal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus rotundifolia (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">retama sphaerocarpa</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">X</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47 - 52</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa ecosystems, characterized by a disperse tree cover of the genus Quercus, constitute a resource of great importance in large parts of SW Iberian Peninsula. Generally these areas are conditioned by their environmental limits such as shallow soils, seasonal and intraannual rainfall variability, which determine the availability of water for plants. The main objective of the present work is the study of soil water dynamics in dehesas, explaining the effect of different vegetation covers and soil characteristics. Soil moisture is determined in 15 stations, distributed in three farms in Extremadura, each of them composed of sensors located at various depths which register soil moisture continuously with a time resolution of 30 minutes. The stations are distributed in open areas (pasture), below the canopy of the shrub Retama sphaerocarpa and below the canopy of Quercus rotundifolia. First results indicate complex soil water dynamics with contrasting situations at sites with the same vegetation cover, and showing that various situations may be produced in the same station during a hydrological year. Furthermore, the largest variations are observed in the upper soil layer, being soil moisture variations lowest at greater depth, independently of the vegetation cover.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>