<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rabasa, Sonia G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granda, Elena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benavides, Raquel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kunstler, Georges</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espelta, Josep M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ogaya, Romà</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil, Wojciech</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grodzki, Wojciech</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ambrozy, Slawomir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergh, Johan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hódar, José a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zamora, Regino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valladares, Fernando</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disparity in elevational shifts of European trees in response to recent climate warming</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">altitudinal gradient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">generalized additive models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species distribution</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WILEY-BLACKWELL</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2490-2499</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Predicting climate-driven changes in plant distribution is crucial for biodiversity conservation and management under recent climate change. Climate warming is expected to induce movement of species upslope and towards higher latitudes. However, the mechanisms and physiological processes behind the altitudinal and latitudinal distribution range of a tree species are complex and depend on each tree species features and vary over ontogenetic stages. We investigated the altitudinal distribution differences between juvenile and adult individuals of seven major European tree species along elevational transects covering a wide latitudinal range from southern Spain (37 degrees N) to northern Sweden (67 degrees N). By comparing juvenile and adult distributions (shifts on the optimum position and the range limits) we assessed the response of species to present climate conditions in relation to previous conditions that prevailed when adults were established. Mean temperature increased by 0.86 degrees C on average at our sites during the last decade compared with previous 30-year period. Only one of the species studied, Abies alba, matched the expected predictions under the observed warming, with a maximum abundance of juveniles at higher altitudes than adults. Three species, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris, showed an opposite pattern while for other three species, such as Quercus ilex, Acer pseudoplatanus and Q. petraea, we were no able to detect changes in distribution. These findings are in contrast with theoretical predictions and show that tree responses to climate change are complex and are obscured not only by other environmental factors but also by internal processes related to ontogeny and demography.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urli, Morgane</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delzon, Sylvain</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eyermann, Audrey</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Couallier, Vincent</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GARCÍA-VALDÉS, Raúl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zavala, Miguel Angel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porté, Annabel J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inferring shifts in tree species distribution using asymmetric distribution curves: a case study in the Iberian mountains</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Altitudinal distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optimum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">n/a--n/a</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questions The objectives of this study were to examine altitudinal shifts in tree species distributions over one decade to quantify the potential for tree migration. Location Spain. Methods We analysed presence–absence data using two successive surveys of the Spanish Forest Inventory in five Fagaceae tree species (two temperate: Fagus sylvatica and Quercus petraea, one sub-Mediterranean: Q. faginea and two Mediterranean: Q. suber and Q. ilex) in two mountain ranges (the Pyrenees and the Iberian system). Half of the fitted altitudinal distributions were skewed and required use of an asymmetric model for unbiased estimates of optimum altitude and changes in the probability of presence along the altitudinal gradient. For each species and mountain range, shifts were considered to have occurred when the difference in optimum altitude was significant or when differences in probability of occurrence between the two surveys demonstrated the occurrence of colonization or extirpation events. Results Overall, depending on species and mountain range, shifts in optimum altitude ranged between −34 m and +181 m. The altitudinal distribution of the Mediterranean species at the core of their latitudinal distribution range presented no sign of change. For the temperate and sub-Mediterranean Fagaceae species, the patterns demonstrated the existence of distribution changes over a 10-yr period. The largest, although not statistically significant, upward shift in optimum altitude was observed for Q. petraea in the Iberian system. More interestingly, its distribution indicated colonization events at higher altitudes. For Q. faginea in the Pyrenees, the shift in optimum altitude was the second largest and statistically significant, and was associated with large extirpation events at the lower altitudes. No evidence of shifts was observed for F. sylvatica. Conclusion This work demonstrates that changes in altitudinal distribution could occur over a 10-yr time period for tree species located at the southern limit of their distribution, such as some temperate and sub-Mediterranean oaks, whereas no movement was detected for Mediterranean oaks in the core of their distribution area.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borghetti, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">La Mantia, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menozzi, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piotti, a</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The likely impact of climate change on the biodiversity of Italian forests</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">245-250</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adaptation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biodiversità delle foreste italiane</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">borghetti m</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">citation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climatico sulla</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">it</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">la mantia t</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">menozzi p</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online 2012-11-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">piotti a</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">probabili impatti del cambiamento</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sisef</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">url</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">www</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sisef.it/forest@/?doi=10.3832/efor0708-009</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">245 - 250</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bertini, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fabbio, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piovosi, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calderisi, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree biomass and deadwood density into aged holm oak (Sardinia) and beech coppices (Tuscany)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">108-129</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">accepted</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">aged coppice forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">beech</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bertini g</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">calderisi m</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">citation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">deadwood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">densità di biomassa e</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fabbio g</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in toscana</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">invecchiati di leccio in</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">it</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">jul 21</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">living woody biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mar 19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">may 07</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">necromassa legnosa in cedui</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online 2012-05-07</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">piovosi m</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">published online</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">received</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sardegna e di faggio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sisef</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">url</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wood decay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">www</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sisef.it/forest@/?doi=10.3832/efor0690-009</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">108 - 129</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bianchi, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calamini, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sioni, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Observations on natural regeneration in grazed Holm oak stands in the Ogliastra province (Sardinia, Italy)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">103-112</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">665</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">accepted</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bianchi l</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">calamini g</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">citation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dell</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facilitation process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing in Forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oaks stands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">id</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in boschi di leccio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">it</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">jan 13</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">jul 19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">may 26</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ogliastra</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online 2011-07-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">osservazioni sulla rinnovazione naturale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">php</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">published online</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">received</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sardegna</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">show</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sioni s</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sisef</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soggetti a pascolo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">url</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">www</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sisef.it/forest@/?doi=10.3832/efor0665-008</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">103 - 112</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">: Observations on natural regeneration in grazed Holm oak stands in the Ogliastra province (Sardinia, Italy). This paper deals with the effects of grazing pressure in two Holm oak (Quercus ilex) stands in Ogliastra (cen­ tral-eastern Sardinia, Italy), with particular reference to the interactions with the natural regeneration proces­ ses. There is a positive interaction (facilitation) between shrubs and seedlings of tree species, as observed in other similar studies carried out by the same authors in other areas of Sardinia. Rubus ulmifolius proved to be the most efficient shrub for the protection and growth of saplings; the other shrub species play a less marked facilitating role. Although the density of shrubs hosting Holm oak seedlings is fairly high, their age and small size confirm that the current grazing pressure is incompatible with any chance of growth of the sa­ plings and success of the natural regeneration. The conservation of these stands must therefore rely on the rationalisation of human activities through the exploitation of a whole range of resources.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abelho, Manuela</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf-Litter Mixtures Affect Breakdown and Macroinvertebrate Colonization Rates in a Stream Ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Review of Hydrobiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decomposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">richness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shredders</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WILEY-VCH Verlag</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">94</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">436-451</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Previous work in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems has suggested that the relationship between breakdown rates of leaf litter and plant species richness may change unpredictability due to non-additive effects mediated by the presence of key-species. By using single- and mixed-species leaf bags (7 possible combinations of three litter species differing in toughness; common alder [Alnus glutinosa ], sweet chestnut [Castanea sativa ], and Spanish oak [Quercus ilex ilex ]), I tested whether leaf species diversity, measured as richness and composition, affects breakdown dynamics and macroinvertebrate colonization (abundance, richness and composition) during 90 days incubation in a stream. Decomposition rates were additive, i.e., observed decomposition rates were not different from expected ones. However, decomposition rates of individual leaf species were affected by the mixture, i.e., there were species-specific responses to mixing litter. The invertebrate communities colonizing the mixtures were not richer and more diverse in mixtures than in single-species leaf bags. On the opposite, mixing leaf species had a negative, non-additive effect on rates of shredder and taxa colonization and on macroinvertebrate diversity. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abelho, Manuela</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf-Litter Mixtures Affect Breakdown and Macroinvertebrate Colonization Rates in a Stream Ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Review of Hydrobiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decomposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">richness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shredders</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.200811159</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">94</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">436 - 451</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Previous work in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems has suggested that the relationship between breakdown rates of leaf litter and plant species richness may change unpredictability due to non-additive effects mediated by the presence of key-species. By using single- and mixed-species leaf bags (7 possible combinations of three litter species differing in toughness; common alder [Alnus glutinosa ], sweet chestnut [Castanea sativa ], and Spanish oak [Quercus ilex ilex ]), I tested whether leaf species diversity, measured as richness and composition, affects breakdown dynamics and macroinvertebrate colonization (abundance, richness and composition) during 90 days incubation in a stream. Decomposition rates were additive, i.e., observed decomposition rates were not different from expected ones. However, decomposition rates of individual leaf species were affected by the mixture, i.e., there were species-specific responses to mixing litter. The invertebrate communities colonizing the mixtures were not richer and more diverse in mixtures than in single-species leaf bags. On the opposite, mixing leaf species had a negative, non-additive effect on rates of shredder and taxa colonization and on macroinvertebrate diversity. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: WILEY-VCH Verlag</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alloza, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallejo, R.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kepner, W. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubio, Jose L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouat, David A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedrazzini, Fausto</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration of burned areas in forest management plans</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification in the Mediterranean Region. A …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">degradation (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">desertification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/1-4020-3760-0_22</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">475 - 488</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildland fire is a major disturbance promoting landscape changes and triggering desertification processes in the Northern Mediterranean basin. Addressing that issue in the long term requires both fire prevention and pot-fire restoration measures. Post-fire restoration should mitigate ecosystem degradation, and improve ecosystem regeneration rate and quality. The impact of wildfires is especially acute in the transition between semi-arid and dry subhumid climates, where dry vegetation fuels facilitate fire spread and water shortage limits post-fire regeneration. In addition, the occurrence of torrential rains produces a high risk of post-fire flash-floods, especially in autumn after summer fires. The major objectives of post-fire restoration are soil and water conservation and increasing ecosystem resistance and resilience in front of fire. Post-fire restoration strategies are defined according to the degradation stage of the ecosystems and the recovery capacity of vegetation. Plant cover regeneration rate highly influence post-fire soil erosion and flooding risk. The abundance of woody resprouters is recognized in eastern Spain as a critical factor to ensure an efficient recovery of plant cover after fire. Post-fire restoration planning is addressed taking into account vegetation fragility to wildfires, together with soil erosion risk and soil moisture availability (physical features). Vegetation fragility is defined both in relation to spontaneous regeneration capacity of plant cover and in relation to the ability of keystone woody species topersist after fire. A synthetic indicator to asses wildland protection and restoration priorities in relation to wildland fires is developed by combining vegetation fragility and physical layers in a GIS. William G. Kepner, Jose L. Rubio, David A. Mouat &amp; Fausto Pedrazzini, eds. Desertification in the Mediterranean Region a Security Issue, : 475 © 2006 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands. 475–488.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Desertification in the Mediterranean Region. A …</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>7</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alloza, J A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallejo, R</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kepner, W G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubio, Jose L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouat, David A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedrazzini, Fausto</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration of burned areas in forest management plans</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification in the Mediterranean Region. A …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">degradation (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">desertification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">475-488</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildland fire is a major disturbance promoting landscape changes and triggering desertification processes in the Northern Mediterranean basin. Addressing that issue in the long term requires both fire prevention and pot-fire restoration measures. Post-fire restoration should mitigate ecosystem degradation, and improve ecosystem regeneration rate and quality. The impact of wildfires is especially acute in the transition between semi-arid and dry subhumid climates, where dry vegetation fuels facilitate fire spread and water shortage limits post-fire regeneration. In addition, the occurrence of torrential rains produces a high risk of post-fire flash-floods, especially in autumn after summer fires. The major objectives of post-fire restoration are soil and water conservation and increasing ecosystem resistance and resilience in front of fire. Post-fire restoration strategies are defined according to the degradation stage of the ecosystems and the recovery capacity of vegetation. Plant cover regeneration rate highly influence post-fire soil erosion and flooding risk. The abundance of woody resprouters is recognized in eastern Spain as a critical factor to ensure an efficient recovery of plant cover after fire. Post-fire restoration planning is addressed taking into account vegetation fragility to wildfires, together with soil erosion risk and soil moisture availability (physical features). Vegetation fragility is defined both in relation to spontaneous regeneration capacity of plant cover and in relation to the ability of keystone woody species topersist after fire. A synthetic indicator to asses wildland protection and restoration priorities in relation to wildland fires is developed by combining vegetation fragility and physical layers in a GIS. William G. Kepner, Jose L. Rubio, David A. Mouat &amp; Fausto Pedrazzini, eds. Desertification in the Mediterranean Region a Security Issue, : 475 © 2006 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands. 475–488.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El-Badri, Naïma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abadie, Michel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Observations sur la dynamique du développement du Diplodia mutila Fr. apud Mont. sur le chêne-liège, Quercus suber L., au Maroc</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryptogamie Mycologie</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diplodia mutila Fr. apud Mont.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mamora</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morocco</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pathology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ultrastructure</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">235-248</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mamora forest in Rabat (Morocco) was a wide forest of cork oak which is rapidly disappearing. This crisis is caused by both human exploitation and overgrazing by animals. This situation is also affected by the existence of harmful insects and parasitic fungi. One of the most common species is Diplodia mutila Fr. apud Mont. (group of Coelomycetes) anamorph of Botryosphaeria stevensii Shoem., which causes withering and cankers on trunks and branches. The electron microscope observations on pycnosporogenesis and the study of the relation plant-host-pathogen show the structure and the biological cycle of Diplodia mutila, the endophytic and the systemic development of the pathogen and the irreversible damage on the plant host. This study is a contribution to the research on cork-oak forest protection.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El-Badri, Naïma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abadie, Michel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Observations sur la dynamique du développement du Diplodia mutila Fr. apud Mont. sur le chêne-liège, Quercus suber L., au Maroc</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryptogamie Mycologie</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diplodia mutila Fr. apud Mont.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mamora</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morocco</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pathology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ultrastructure</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0181158400010526</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">235 - 248</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mamora forest in Rabat (Morocco) was a wide forest of cork oak which is rapidly disappearing. This crisis is caused by both human exploitation and overgrazing by animals. This situation is also affected by the existence of harmful insects and parasitic fungi. One of the most common species is Diplodia mutila Fr. apud Mont. (group of Coelomycetes) anamorph of Botryosphaeria stevensii Shoem., which causes withering and cankers on trunks and branches. The electron microscope observations on pycnosporogenesis and the study of the relation plant-host-pathogen show the structure and the biological cycle of Diplodia mutila, the endophytic and the systemic development of the pathogen and the irreversible damage on the plant host. This study is a contribution to the research on cork-oak forest protection.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Watts, W A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, J R M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huntley, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fritz, S C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation history and climate of the last 15,000 years at Laghi di Monticchio, southern Italy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quaternary Science Reviews</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate reconstruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pollen analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation history</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113-132</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In southern It;aly, vegetation contemporary with the end of the last glacial maximum, from 15,000 to 12,000 years ago, is shown by pollen-analysis to have been treeless and steppe-like in character. At 12,500 BP (years before present), Betula (birch) expanded into the steppe, quickly followed by Quercus (oak), Fugus (beech), Tilia (lime) and other tree genera of mesic forest. High percentages of lUia point to a rich mesic forest that was contemporary with the ‘Allerod’ intersta- dial of northern Europe. A major decline in mesic trees with an accompanying return of Beth and steppe genera dated to 10,500 years ago identifies a ‘Younger Dryns’ climatic reversal. Betula and steppe genera were replaced by forest of Quercus and other mesic trees, notably Ulmus (elm), as the Holocene began. In the later Holocene, ca. 4000 years ago, Abies (fir), Curpinus betulus (hom- beam) and Taxus (yew) appeared. Abies and Tuxus became extinct locally about 2500 years ago, either because of climatic change, or perhaps because of the effects of early agriculture. The Full- glacial climate is thought to have been cold and summer-dry with mainly winter precipitation. The Lateglacial ‘Boiling-Allereld’ Interstadial was summer-wet and warm. The response-surface based climate reconstruction indi’zates an early Holocene climate with markedly colder winter conditions than today, about -5°C compared with 3.9-C today as a mean temperature for the coldest month. The annual temperature sum is reconstructed as somewhat higher than today, 3500 degree days as compared with a calculated value of 2900 for today. The later Holocene had a climate like today’s, Rainfall, and variation in iis seasonal distribution, has been a critical determinant of the vegetation cover. The fossil pollen record at Laghi Di Monticchio has been complemented by diatom and plant macrofossil studies which provide evidence of former lake environments as well as data on the upland forest. Lake levels remained high during the Full- and Lateglacial with encroachment of shore vegetation during th,e Holocene. The sediments also have an exceptionally rich record of tephra falls which are of importance in dating and core correlation. Twenty-one macroscopically visible tephras occur in sediments of the last 15,000 years</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ARBEZ, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BASIS AND ORGANIZATION OF THE EUROPEAN FOREST TREE GENE CONSERVATION NETWORKS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GENETICS SELECTION EVOLUTION</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EUROPE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GENETIC RESOURCE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NETWORK</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S301 - S314</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The first ministerial conference on the protection of forests in Europe, held in Strasbourg in 1990, engaged 32 signatory countries to initiate or to follow a concerted policy for forest tree gene conservation and to establish a provisional monitoring structure. This resolution has resulted in an international survey on the present status of forest tree genetic resources in Europe and relevant technical and regulatory measures. In parallel the first 4 pilot gene conservation networks concerning Norway spruce (Picea abies), Cork oak (Quercus suber), black poplar (Populus nigra) and the noble hardwoods (Rosaceaes essentially) were established. Each species or group of species represents a distinct model of spatial distribution and mating system. The second ministerial conference on the protection of forests, held in Helsinki in June 1993, has confirmed these orientations and has proposed the creation of a permanent European cooperative programme under the aegis of the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources and the forest department of the Food and Agriculture Organization. Further research is necessary on the structure of the genetic variability, the mechanisms to maintain this variability in natural forests, and management and sylvicultural methods able to generate maximum adaptability.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE&lt;br/&gt;publisher: EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ARBEZ, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BASIS AND ORGANIZATION OF THE EUROPEAN FOREST TREE GENE CONSERVATION NETWORKS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GENETICS SELECTION EVOLUTION</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EUROPE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GENETIC RESOURCE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NETWORK</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S301--S314</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The first ministerial conference on the protection of forests in Europe, held in Strasbourg in 1990, engaged 32 signatory countries to initiate or to follow a concerted policy for forest tree gene conservation and to establish a provisional monitoring structure. This resolution has resulted in an international survey on the present status of forest tree genetic resources in Europe and relevant technical and regulatory measures. In parallel the first 4 pilot gene conservation networks concerning Norway spruce (Picea abies), Cork oak (Quercus suber), black poplar (Populus nigra) and the noble hardwoods (Rosaceaes essentially) were established. Each species or group of species represents a distinct model of spatial distribution and mating system. The second ministerial conference on the protection of forests, held in Helsinki in June 1993, has confirmed these orientations and has proposed the creation of a permanent European cooperative programme under the aegis of the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources and the forest department of the Food and Agriculture Organization. Further research is necessary on the structure of the genetic variability, the mechanisms to maintain this variability in natural forests, and management and sylvicultural methods able to generate maximum adaptability.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trabaud, Louis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diversite de la banque de semences du sol d'une foret mediterraneenne de Quercus ilex</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dissemination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">69</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">107-114</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Résumé La banque de semences du sol a été étudiée dans une futaie de Quercus ilex. La richesse des semences est relativement faible (500/m2); par contre, sa richesse floristique est élevée (56 espèces/m2). Les types de dispersion les plus utilisés sont l'anémochorie, l'autochorie et l'ornithochorie. La plupart des semences enfouies dans le sol appartiennent à des espèces étrangères à la futaie, provenant de milieux (sources) voisins ou lointains. On a constaté aussi une convergence de la flore des semences des banques du sol de diverses communautés. A la faveur d'une perturbation (feu ou coupe) ces semences trouvent des conditions favorables (car héliophiles pour la plupart), germent et produisent de nombreuses plantules constituant des stades transitoires. The soil seed bank has been studied in a Quercus ilex forest. Seed richness was relatively low (500/m2); in contrast, specific richness was high (56 species/m2). Anemochory (wind-borne), autochory (self-dispersion) and ornithochory (birds) were the dissemination types encountered most. Most of the seed buried in the soil belonged to species alien to the forest, coming from neighbouring or distant (sources) environments. A convergence between the soil seed bank floras of different communities could be noticed. When a disturbance (fire or cutting) occurs, creating favourable conditions, seeds germinate producing numerous seedlings representing transitory stages.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>