<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrillo-Gavilan, Amparo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARÍA ESPELTA, JOSEP</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vila, Montserrat</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Establishment constraints of an alien and a native conifer in different habitats</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abies alba</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">germination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Invasibility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pseudotsuga menziesii</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seed removal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling survival</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1279 - 1289</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alien plants are subjected to different biotic and environmental barriers that limit their establishment success in the introduced range. Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir), a native conifer from Northwest America, is considered one of the most invasive forestry conifers in Europe. However, little is known about the ecological filters that constrain plant establishment at early life-cycle stages and differences in habitat invasibility to this species. We conducted field experiments to compare the establishment potential (i.e. post-dispersal seed removal, seed germination, seedling survival and growth) of Douglas fir in beech forests, holm-oak forests and heathlands; and compared it with the taxonomically close native conifer Abies alba (Silver fir). Douglas fir seeds were more removed than Silver fir in holm-oak and in heathlands. In all habitats, seed germination was significantly higher for Douglas fir compared to that of Silver fir and, seedling mortality was extremely high in both species due to soil disturbance by wild boars and drought stress. Douglas fir mortality was only lower than Silver fir in beech forests. However, species did not differ in seedling growth. Overall, the probability of invasion success of Douglas fir decreased along the sequential stages of plant establishment in all habitats. Only high seed germination rates of Douglas fir would predict its high invasive capacity but these advantages are counterbalanced by high seedling mortality. Results showed a mismatch between invasibility and current pattern of Douglas fir invasion in the study area. Therefore, future research focused on seed production and on different components of biotic resistance is recommended to elucidate which processes are favoring its establishment success.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS&lt;br/&gt;publisher: SPRINGER</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espelta, Josep Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortes, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molowny-Horas, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retana, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acorn crop size and pre-dispersal predation determine inter-specific differences in the recruitment of co-occurring oaks.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feeding Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feeding Behavior: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">germination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Germination: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models, Biological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seeds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seeds: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">weevils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weevils: physiology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19544074</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">161</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">559 - 68</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The contribution of pre-dispersal seed predation to inter-specific differences in recruitment remains elusive. In species with no resistance mechanisms, differences in pre-dispersal predation may arise from differences in seed abundance (plant satiation) or in the ability of seeds to survive insect infestation (seed satiation). This study aimed to analyse the impact of pre-dispersal acorn predation by weevils in two co-occurring Mediterranean oaks (Quercus ilex and Quercus humilis) and to compare its relevance with other processes involved in recruitment. We monitored the patterns of acorn production and acorn infestation by weevils and we conducted experimental tests of acorn germination after weevil infestation, post-dispersal predation and seedling establishment in mixed forests. Monitoring and experimental data were integrated in a simulation model to test for the effects of pre-dispersal predation in recruitment. In both oaks pre-dispersal acorn infestation decreased with increasing acorn crop size (plant satiation). This benefited Q. ilex which exhibited stronger masting behaviour than Q. humilis, with almost a single and outstanding reproductive event in 6 years. Acorn infestation was more than twice as high in Q. humilis (47.0%) as in Q. ilex (20.0%) irrespective of the number of seeds produced by each species. Although germination of infested acorns (seed satiation) was higher in Q. humilis (60%) than in Q. ilex (21%), this could barely mitigate the higher infestation rate in the former species, to reduce seed loss. Conversely to pre-dispersal predation, no inter-specific differences were observed either in post-dispersal predation or seedling establishment. Our results indicate that pre-dispersal predation may contribute to differences in seed supply, and ultimately in recruitment, between co-existing oaks. Moreover, they suggest that seed satiation can barely offset differences in seed infestation rates. This serves as a warning against overemphasising seed satiation as a mechanism to overcome seed predation by insects.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 19544074</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reyes, Otilia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casal, Mercedes</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seed germination of Quercus robur, q. pyrenaica and q. ilex and the effects of smoke, heat, ash and charcoal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">germination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reproductive strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seeds</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2005112</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">205 - 212</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study is centred on Quercus robur, Q. pyrenaica and Q. ilex that have a distribution area covering all Europe. Fire is a frequent ecological factor in many ecosystems, especially in those with Mediterranean climates. Our working hypothesis is that fire affects the germination process. An experiment was carried out testing the following treatments: Control, Smoke-5 min, Smoke-10min, Smoke-15 min, 60 ºC-5 min, 60 °C-15 min, 90 ºC-5 min, 110 ºC-5 min, 150 ºC-5 min, Ash, Ash Dilution and Charcoal. The seed incubation was spread over a year. The germination rates of the Control are very high, especially in Q. ilex. Almost none of the treatments inhibit germination and only the Q. ilex seeds, when subjected to 150 ºC-5 min, show a marked inhibition. Q. robur and Q. pyrenaica take a year to complete their germination, while Q. ilex only takes 22 weeks. Probably, this reproductive behaviour is related to the climate characteristics to which the species have become adapted. Finally, fire does not determine the germination process, the recruitment of new individuals being independent of fire.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merouani, Hachemi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Branco, Carmen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Almeida, Maria Helena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, João S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comportement physiologique des glands de chêne liège (Quercus suber L.) durant leur conservation et variabilité inter-individus producteurs</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electrolyte leakage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">germination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moisture content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">storage</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2001114</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">143 - 153</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The mature acorns were harvested on twelve selected trees from a cork oak population in Southern Portugal (Herdade da Palma). After drying, the seed lots were stored on three types bags (polyethylene with 30 mm and 50 mm thick and plastic mesh), for six months at 0 oC. At the time of natural dissemination, the acorns from the majority of the trees from the same population were under the same state of morphological and physiological maturity. The moisture content was about 44-47% and a germination rate above 92% . At this time, the germination was very slow because of the existent embryonic dormancy that seems to be dependent on the individual trees. During the storage, germination rate is improved. This might be explained by the breaking dormancy during storage. The mean germination time was on an average 10 days for fresh seeds and decreased to about 4 days after 6 months storage. A relationship between viability and seed moisture content was observed. The Mean Germination Time of dried seed and stored seed for 4 months in plastic mesh bag increased to about 13 days. The germination capacity was strongly decreased when the seed moisture content was below 30%</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Celestino, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Picazo, M. L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of 50 Hz electromagnetic fields on recurrent embryogenesis and germination of cork oak somatic embryos</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant cell, tissue and …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bioelectromagnetism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elf magnetic fields</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">germination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus Suber L</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic embryogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tissue culture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/J63G08P8G37N7373.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">54</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65 - 69</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant tissue culture techniques are carried out under environmentally controlled conditions in phytotrons. However, electric components of phytotrons generate electromagnetic ﬁelds that may act as a environmental factor inﬂuencing plant growth and morphogenesis. Isolated somatic embryos of Quercus suber, picked from embryogenic lines, were chronically exposed to a 50 Hz and 15 µT electromagnetic ﬁeld generated in a Helmholtz-coil system for 8 weeks, in order to examine if the extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic ﬁeld (MF) affected the morphogenic behaviour of embryogenic cultures during recurrent embryogenesis. Germination of somatic embryos from genotype G7.1 was carried out under the same electromagnetic ﬁeld, and also under conditions in which the local geomagnetic ﬁeld was suppressed. The ELF MF did not inﬂuence the growth of embryogenic clumps of the assayed genotypes, but reduced the number of detachable embryos produced by genotype G3.27. The ELF MF did not modify the percentages of germination or plant formation of somatic embryos. However, somatic embryos had better germination when cultured under the suppressed geomagnetic ﬁeld condition.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia-Martin, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez-Galiano, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mauri, P. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somática, Embriogénesis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multiplicación vegetativa de alcornoque mediante embriogénesis somática.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">II Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ABA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BaP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">germination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">liquid culture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">maturation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">somatic embryos</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">249 - 252</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In order to obtain cork oak clones from selected individuals, somatic embryogenesis was induced in leaves. Somatic embryos can be continuously subcultured with high proliferation rates. This culture system has sorne limiting factors: low percentage of mature embryos obtained, low rate of shoot emergence during germination and high labour and time consumed. Exogenous addition of ABA (l0-6M) concentration during proliferation increased maturation rateo In the same way addition of. BAP (0,001 mg/l) had a positive effect on shoot production. With the aim to obtain a first approach to automation the best culture media for both culture cycles of maturation in liquid medium were determined.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: II Congreso Forestal Español&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: Pamplona</style></notes></record></records></xml>