<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rives, Jesús</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez-Rodriguez, Ivan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rieradevall, Joan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabarrell, Xavier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Integrated environmental analysis of the main cork products in southern Europe (Catalonia – Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Cleaner Production</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agro-forestry system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon dioxide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Champagne cork stopper</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork sector</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life cycle assessment (LCA)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural cork stopper</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Submitted</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study presents an environmental analysis of the cork sector by integrating and evaluating the production of the products that are most commonly made of cork: natural cork stoppers, champagne cork stoppers, white cork granulate and black cork granulate, in order to propose environmental strategies that could contribute to minimising the potential impacts of the cork sector. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was the methodology used in order to assess the potential environmental impacts of the cork sector and its main products. Inventory was supported by 15 companies in Catalonia. Different environmental midpoint impact categories were reported and analysed according to CML 2001 method such as Abiotic Depletion (ADP), Acidification Potential (AP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), and many other. Also, the Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years), was assessed, and it was found that the cork sector contributed to fixing carbon dioxide and consequently can help to mitigate climate change, besides generating cork products. Specifically, 3.4 tonnes of CO2 eq. were emitted to convert a tonne of raw cork from the forest into products, while 18 tonnes of CO2 are fixed per tonne as a result of the existence of cork oak forests; the resulting balance was that 14.6 tonnes of CO2 are fixed. A sensitivity analysis was carried out of the distribution of environmental impacts between products; it was observed that allocation rules were an important point of the assessment. The use of cork, a natural, renewable and local material, can help to reduce the environmental impact of products. The use of cork stoppers contributes to reducing the carbon footprint of beverages such as wines, champagnes, beers, ciders, brandies and many other beverages.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Senf, Cornelius</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leitão, Pedro J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pflugmacher, Dirk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van der Linden, Sebastian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hostert, Patrick</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mapping land cover in complex Mediterranean landscapes using Landsat: Improved classification accuracies from integrating multi-seasonal and synthetic imagery</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remote Sensing of Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">image classification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landsat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pseudo-steppe</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STARFM</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">156</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">527-536</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Low-intensity farming systems are of great importance for biodiversity in Europe, but they are often affected by soil degradation or economic pressure, leading to either land abandonment or intensification of agriculture. These changes in land use influence local biodiversity patterns and require annual monitoring of land cover. To accuratelymap landcover in such spatio-temporal complex landscapes, it isimportant to capture their phenolog- ical dynamics andfine spatial heterogeneity.Multi-seasonal analyses using optical sensorswith amediumspatial resolution from10 to 60m(e.g. Landsat) have been used for this task, but data availability can be scarce due to cloud cover, sub-optimal acquisition schedules and data archive access restrictions. Combining coarse spatial res- olution data fromtheMODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) and Landsat provides opportu- nities to close these gaps by simulating Landsat-like images atMODIS temporal resolution. In this study,we test whether and by what degree land cover maps of complex Mediterranean landscapes improve by integrating multi-seasonal Landsat imagery, as well aswhether STARFM-simulated imagery can be usedwhenever original multi-seasonal Landsat observations are unavailable. Therefore, we develop different classification scenarios based on seasonally varying data availability and based on original and simulated Landsat data. Results show that multi-seasonal Landsat data from spring and early autumn are crucial for achieving satisfying mapping accuracies (overall accuracy 74.5%). Using synthetic Landsat imagery increases classification accuracy compared to using single-date Landsat data, but accuracieswere never as good as a classification based on original data.We conclude thatmulti-seasonal data is essential for mapping complex Mediterranean landscapes and that STARFM can be used to compensate for missing Landsat observations. However, if Landsat data availability is sufficient to cover all phenologically important dates, we suggest relying solely on Landsat.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sardans, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate and taxonomy underlie different elemental concentrations and stoichiometries of forest species: the optimum ``biogeochemical niche''</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLANT ECOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogeochemical niche</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C:N</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">N:P</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nutrients</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phosphorus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Potassium</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">215</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">441-455</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We previously hypothesised the existence of a ``biogeochemical niche{''} occupied by each plant species. Different species should have a specific elemental composition, stoichiometry and allocation as a consequence of their particular metabolism, physiology and structure (morphology) linked to their optimal functioning under the environmental (abiotic and biotic) conditions where they have evolved. We tested this hypothesis using data from the Catalan Forestry Inventory that covers different forest groups growing under a large climatic gradient. Mediterranean species that occupy hotter-drier environments have lower leaf N, P and K concentrations than non-Mediterranean forest species. Within a determined climatic biome, different species competing in the same space have different elemental compositions and allocations linked to their taxonomical differences and their phenotypic plasticity. Gymnosperms have a proportionally higher elemental allocation to leaves than to wood, higher C concentrations, and lower N, P and K concentrations mainly in the stem and branches than angiosperms. The differences among species are linked to asymmetrical use of different elements, suggesting that the biogeochemical niche is a final expression and consequence of long-term species adaptation to particular abiotic factors, ecological role (stress tolerant, ruderal, competitor), different soil occupations and use of resources to avoid interspecific competition, and finally of a certain degree of flexibility to adapt to current environmental shifts.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shvaleva, Alla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e Silva, Filipe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costa, Joaquim Miguel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Correia, Alexandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anderson, Margaret</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lobo-do-Vale, Raquel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fangueiro, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bicho, Catarina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Joo Santos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chaves, Maria Manuela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skiba, Ute</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cruz, Cristina</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparison of methane, nitrous oxide fluxes and CO2 respiration rates from a Mediterranean cork oak ecosystem and improved pasture</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLANT AND SOIL</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greenhouse gases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organic matter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Root density</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">374</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">883-898</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">During the recent decades, cork oak (Q. suber) mortality has been increasing in Mediterranean oak woodland endangering the economical and environmental sustainability of the ``montado{''} ecosystem. This fact in combination with climate change and conversion of forestland to pasture may significantly affect the soil-atmosphere greenhouse gases (GHGs) exchange. Our study evaluates the impact of oak trees as compared to pasture on net ecosystem GHG (CH4, N2O, and CO2) exchange as well as the main environmental factors influencing this exchange. We used field chamber measurements for the collection of GHGs under three different conditions: 1) open area (OA), 2) under tree canopy area (UC) and 3) improved pasture (IP). Experiments were done under typical Mediterranean climate at central Portugal in 2010 and 2011. The UC had higher nitrification potential, soil C/N ratio, electrical conductivity, litter input and soil organic matter (SOM) than OA and IP. SOM positively correlated with soil CH4 and N2O fluxes but not with soil CO2 respiration rates. Soil water content (SWC) drives both CH4 and N2O fluxes. Under certain conditions, when SWC reached a threshold (7 % for CH4 and 3 % for N2O) the result was net uptake and that net uptake increased with SWC. This was the case for the UC and OA. Conversely, for the IP soil water content above 4 % promoted net CH4 release. Our results show that cork oak influences soil properties and consequently GHGs fluxes. In the UC the input of litter for SOM together with soil moisture, favoured microbiological activity and related GHGs fluxes. Soil temperature is a secondary factor in the studied conditions. Our results also emphasized the potential impact posed by decreased cork oak tree density in the functioning of the ``montado{''} ecosystem.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dubbert, Maren</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mosena, Alexander</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piayda, Arndt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuntz, Matthias</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Correia, Alexandra Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, João Santos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Werner, Christiane</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of tree cover on herbaceous layer development and carbon and water fluxes in a Portuguese cork-oak woodland</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon fluxes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facilitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant interactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water fluxes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35-45</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facilitation and competition between different vegetation layers may have a large impact on small-scale vegetation development. We propose that this should not only influence overall herbaceous layer yield but also species distribution and understory longevity, and hence the ecosystems carbon uptake capacity especially during spring. We analyzed the effects of trees on microclimate and soil properties (water and nitrate content) as well as the development of an herbaceous community layer regarding species composition, aboveground biomass and net water and carbon fluxes in a cork-oak woodland in Portugal, between April and November 2011. The presence of trees caused a significant reduction in photosynthetic active radiation of 35molm−2d−1 and in soil temperature of 5°C from April to October. At the same time differences in species composition between experimental plots located in open areas and directly below trees could be observed: species composition and abundance of functional groups became increasingly different between locations from mid April onwards. During late spring drought adapted native forbs had significantly higher cover and biomass in the open area while cover and biomass of grasses and nitrogen fixing forbs was highest under the trees. Further, evapotranspiration and net carbon exchange decreased significantly stronger under the tree crowns compared to the open during late spring and the die back of herbaceous plants occurred earlier and faster under trees. This was most likely caused by interspecific competition for water between trees and herbaceous plants, despite the more favorable microclimate conditions under the trees during the onset of summer drought.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luz, Ana Luísa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, Helena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lauw, Alexandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leal, Sofia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monitoring intra-annual cambial activity based on the periodic collection of twigs - a feasibility study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendrochronologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cambial activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendrochronology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">growth-ring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">twig sampling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study aims at monitoring the cambial activity and xylogenesis along the growing season under Mediterranean climate using a newly designed sampling method based on the periodic collection of twigs from the crown, in order to test its efficacy. Ten species were selected; seven hardwood (Acer pseudoplatanus L.,Ceratonia siliqua L., Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Olea europaea L., Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl, Populus alba L., Quercus suber L.) and three softwood species (Abies alba Mill., Cupressus sempervirens L., Pinus pinea L.). The twigs were collected monthly during one year. After microtome sectioning and staining, the sections were photographed and analyzed to monitor ring development and the period of cambial activity. The twigs revealed large differences in radial growth, within and among species, which might be associated to their particular position in the tree, to the effect of the different crown microclimates, and/or to the crown conformation and type of leaves. The method showed effectiveness in the study of cambial activity, but limitations in the study of ring development due to impossibility of comparing samples. Improvements to the method are proposed, aiming essentially at minimizing the variability among samples.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simonson, William D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, Harriet D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coomes, David A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Overstorey and topographic effects on understories: Evidence for linkage from cork oak (Quercus suber) forests in southern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Airborne lidar</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microclimate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant–plant interactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remote sensing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation structure</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">328</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35-44</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The understorey is a critical feature of forest ecosystems, affecting nutrient cycling, biodiversity, regeneration capacity and wildfire regimes. Understanding the interaction of environmental and canopy controls on understorey development is therefore important for forest management. We use airborne lidar to elucidate this interaction in a forest of cork oak (Quercus suber) mixed with the deciduous oak (Quercus canariensis) on complex topographic relief in southern Spain. Solar radiation (controlled by aspect) and topographic position were highly influential in the differential distribution of the two dominant canopy trees, and exerted some control on their canopy density and height. There was a detectable effect of both canopy characteristics and solar radiation on the amount of understorey shrub cover, indicating direct and indirect controls of the environment on this stratum. In cork oak forest, understorey shrubbery increased towards valley bottoms, at lower levels of solar radiation and under shorter canopies. Our results are relevant to the management of these forest systems in the face of future change. They suggest that maturation and closure of these even-aged stands, coupled with climate warming, may lead to impoverishment of the shrub layer, reducing the build-up of fuel but also the biodiversity value of these systems.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Correia, A. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costa e Silva, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Correia, A. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hussain, M. Z.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigues, A. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David, J. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, J. S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon sink strength of a Mediterranean cork oak understorey: how do semi-deciduous and evergreen shrubs face summer drought?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cistus sp</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CO2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eddy-covariance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">H2O</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">partitioning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrubs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ulex sp</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">up-scaling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12102</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">n/a - n/a</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questions How do semi-deciduous and evergreen shrubs exploit environmental resources during summer drought? What is the contribution of the understorey shrubby layer to ecosystem carbon assimilation? To what extent are carbon balance and transpiration impacted by a rain pulse? Location Cork oak open woodland in the Mediterranean region. Methods We used closed dynamic light and dark chambers to measure gas exchange (CO2 and H2O) in the dominant shrub understorey species Cistus salviifolius, Cistus crispus (semi-deciduous) and Ulex airensis (evergreen), together with plant physiological and morphological measurements during summer drought and autumn recovery. A hyperbolic light response model constrained by vapour pressure deficits was fitted for up-scaling shrub photosynthesis to the ecosystem level. The data were compared, on a daily and daytime basis, with gross primary productivity estimates from ecosystem eddy-covariance flux measurements. Results The onset of summer drought led to a significant leaf area reduction in semi-deciduous species. A general decrease in photosynthesis in all species was observed, while evapotranspiration and above-ground respiration fluxes contrasted among species during summer progression and autumn recovery. The shallow-rooted C. salviifolius was able to use light more efficiently than the other two species, although with poor stomatal control over water loss and consistently higher above-ground respiration rates, leading to lower water and carbon use efficiencies when compared with C. crispus. The deep-rooted shrub U. airensis maintained higher leaf water potentials and very low photosynthetic rates while decreasing transpiration rates throughout the summer drought. A summer rain pulse showed that shallow-rooted shrubs use water in an opportunistic way, with immediate leaf rehydration and concomitant photosynthesis increments. Conversely, deep-rooted shrubs (U. airensis) were unresponsive, only recovering photosynthesis with high soil water content. An opportunistic growth response may be disadvantageous to shallow-rooted shrubs in a future climate with extended dry summers and higher probability of rain pulse events. The prominent increase in transpiration rates and plant respiration costs observed during the dry conditions that followed the rain pulse, led to a reduced plant ability to recover after autumn rains. Conclusions The shrubs that naturaly colonized this montado understorey showed contrasting strategies to overcome summer drought, suggesting an efficient mosaic exploitation of seasonal environmental resources. The contribution of these shrubs to total ecosystem CO2 uptake during summer and autumn recovery was 17%. This high contribution implies that shrub density management decisions should consider a carbon balance perspective.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medina, Nagore G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lara, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mazimpaka, Vicente</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hortal, Joaquin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Designing bryophyte surveys for an optimal coverage of diversity gradients</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ED protocol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epiphytic bryophytes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">p-Median</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sampling design</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3121-3139</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knowledge on the distribution and abundance of species is plagued by significant taxonomic and geographic biases that influence the analyses on biodiversity patterns. Due to this, standard, easy-to-use methods are needed to design efficient field campaigns that minimize data deficiencies. We evaluate the applicability, usefulness and effectiveness of a survey design protocol based on the Environmental Diversity (ED) criterion under different scenarios, with examples of varying extent of environmental niche, range of spatial distribution and level of previous knowledge. We planned surveys for epiphytic bryophytes growing in three types of forests at NW Iberian Peninsula (dominated by Quercus ilex, Q. faginea and Q. pyrenaica). Knowledge on the distribution and abundance of epiphytic bryophytes in this region presents large gaps and strong geographic biases. Besides, the three forest types differ in their environmental requirements, spatial distribution and level of previous knowledge, providing three working scenarios to test the response of the protocol under different situations. The protocol was implemented as a set of sequential selection rules, starting by an ED-based criterion aiming at maximizing the coverage of climatic and geographic variability; further criteria include an iterative set of qualitative properties: maximizing forest area, conservation status and accessibility. The protocol performed efficiently at different ranges of spatial distribution levels of environmental variability, and degree of previous knowledge and generated an even distribution of sampling points that efficiently covered the diversity of epiphytic bryophytes. The results show that ED protocols are a proficient and time-saving approach to select sampling sites by objective criteria also for groups with high dispersal ability and fragmented landscapes.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aragón, Gregorio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belinchón, Rocío</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez, Isabel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prieto, Maria</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estimating epiphytic lichen richness by single families in Mediterranean forests</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epiphytic lichens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indicator species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112713005392http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112713005392</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">310</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187 - 193</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The current trend of declining epiphytic richness caused by human activities (forest fragmentation, log- ging, agriculture, and livestock grazing) and the greater efforts required to sample and identify the most inconspicuous species have necessitated the use of indicators of the species richness. In this study, we examined the potential of predicting epiphytic lichen richness based on the richness of a single taxon (fam- ily) of the most conspicuous lichens (macrolichens) in Mediterranean woodlands. Since our working hypothesis is that the richness of some conspicuous elements is tightly connected with the total richness, we expect this connection is maintained even after composition shifts (for instance composition changes between coniferous and oak forests). In order to control the large set of confounding factors at macro- and microclimate scales our present study was conducted in 504 forest stands, which represented awide range of Mediterranean climates, management intensity levels, canopy cover types, and tree sizes. The presence/ absence of epiphytic lichens were determined in 7560 trees, which were dominated by coniferous (Pinus nigra and P. sylvestris) and oak (Quercus ilex ssp. ballota, Q. faginea, and Q. pyrenaica) species. In oak forests, the increased richness of Collemataceae and the complex known as ‘‘rest of Peltigerales’’ was followed by an increase in the overall epiphytic richness, whereas there was a strong positive correlation between Par- meliaceae and total epiphytic richness in coniferous forests. In both cases, the richness of these predictors increased in well-preserved forest stands with dense canopies. Thus, we propose the potential use of Par- meliaceae (for coniferous forests) and the Collemataceae and the ‘‘rest of Peltigerales’’ (for oak forests) as indicators in the Mediterranean region because they have a cosmopolitan distribution, grow in a wide range of environmental conditions, and are correlated with changes in the epiphytic richness caused by for- est disturbances. ?</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Duplicate 2 ( Estimating epiphytic lichen richness by single families in Mediterranean forests - Aragón, Gregorio; Belinchón, Rocío; Martínez, Isabel; Prieto, Maria )From Duplicate 2 ( Estimating epiphytic lichen richness by single families in Mediterranean forests - Aragón, Gregorio; Belinchón, Rocío; Martínez, Isabel; Prieto, Maria )</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arnan, Xavier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quevedo, Lídia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo, Anselm</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest fire occurrence increases the distribution of a scarce forest type in the Mediterranean Basin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arbutus unedo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest dominance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GIS analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus halepensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildﬁres</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1146609X12001373</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39 - 47</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Here we report how ﬁre recurrence increases the distribution of a scarce forest type in NE Spain that is dominated by the resprouter tree species Arbutus unedo. We used a combination of GIS and ﬁeld surveys to determine the effect of ﬁre and pre-ﬁre vegetation on the appearance of A. unedo forests. In the ﬁeld, we also analyzed the factors that promote ﬁre and lead to the appearance of A. unedo forests. Our results reveal an increased occurrence of A. unedo forests in NE Spain in recent years; this phenomenon was strongly related to ﬁre recurrence and the vegetation type present prior to ﬁre. Most Pinus halepensis forests that burned more than once gave rise to A. unedo forests. Our results indicate that these conversions were related to a reduction in pine density coupled with increases in the density and size of A. unedo trees due to recurrent ﬁres. Given that ﬁres are increasing in number and magnitude in the Mediterranean, we predict a major change in landscape structure and composition at the regional scale</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Masson SAS</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carmona, Carlos P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Röder, Achim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azcárate, Francisco M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peco, Begoña</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing management or physiography? Factors controlling vegetation recovery in Mediterranean grasslands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Modelling</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boosted Regression Trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cost surfaces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing gradients</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rangeland management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spectral Mixture Analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380012005716</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">251</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73 - 84</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing intensification and abandonment are increasing the risk of degradation of Mediterranean grasslands. The development of techniques for monitoring grazing effects on herbaceous vegetation is an essential need for the management of these rangelands. However, the high variability of these systems make physiographical and management effects hard to disentangle and quantify. We present a methodology to support rangeland management and assess grazing effects on environmentally heterogeneous areas, and provide an example of its application in a Mediterranean rangeland in central Spain. We evaluated the difference in photosynthetically active vegetation cover between spring and summer using Spectral Mixture Analysis of very high spatial resolution (2.4 m) Quickbird images. To analyze this difference, we developed Boosted Regression Trees models using grazing management (accumulated cost distance to points of livestock concentration and water points) and physiographical variables (slope, wetness, proximity to the closest tree and orientation). Results show that the main factor determining changes in vegetation cover is habitat type. The magnitude of this change was maximized at intermediate grazing pressures for humid habitats, suggesting the existence of an optimal level of grazing in this zones, while in dry habitats differences in vegetation cover increased consistently along with grazing pressure. Our models provided a valuable insight into how different variables and its interactions affect the observed recovery capacity of vegetation. Moreover, by identifying areas in which grazing-induced land degradation could be taken place, our methodology can be used as a powerful tool in the management of highly heterogeneous rangelands.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flexas, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diaz-Espejo, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gago, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gallé, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galmés, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gulías, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medrano, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz-Espejo, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photosynthetic limitations in mediterranean plants: A review</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental and Experimental Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biochemical limitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chilling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mesophyll conductance limitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stomatal limitation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098847213001238http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0098847213001238</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of the present work is to review the literature concerning photosynthesis of Mediterranean plants. First, we briefly review the most important environmental constraints to photosynthesis, i.e. chilling winter temperatures and summer drought. Then, the review specifically focus on the photosynthetic capacity and photosynthetic limitations of Mediterranean plants under non-stress conditions, to test the general assumption that that the photosynthetic capacity of Mediterranean plants is lower than that of plants from other biomes. It is shown that Mediterranean plants of different life forms and leaf types present, on average, similar photosynthetic capacity to plants from any other biome. However, the mechanisms potentially limiting maximum photosynthesis differ between Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean species. For instance, Mediterranean plants compensate their lower mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm) with a larger velocity of carboxylation (Vc,max) to achieve similar photosynthesis rates (AN) to non-Mediterranean plants, both factors being associated to a larger leaf mass area (LMA) in Mediterranean species. In contrast, stomatal conductance (gs) was found to be lower only in Mediterranean sclerophytes. On the other hand, Mediterranean sclerophytes and malacophytes (but not herbs and mesophytes) show higher mean intrinsic water use efficiency (AN / gs) due to a combination of higher gm / gs and AN per unit CO2 concentration in the chloroplasts, i.e. carboxylation efficiency. represent specific adaptations of Mediterranean plants to their environment, leading these plants to achieve high AN despite their large LMA, and Mediterranean ecosystems to be Accepted Manuscript The described variations in the mechanistic components of photosynthesis may among those presenting the largest net primary productivities worldwide</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Otero, Iago</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boada, Martí</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tàbara, Joan David</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social–ecological heritage and the conservation of Mediterranean landscapes under global change. A case study in Olzinelles (Catalonia)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land Use Policy</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cultural diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social–ecological heritage</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25-37</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Both biological and cultural diversities seem to be diminishing together along with the progressive interconnection of peoples and ecosystems of the earth under the rules and dynamics of global markets. This has led some conservationists and social scientists to highlight the need for enhanced knowledge on the complex interrelationships between cultural and biological diversities if successful conservation strategies are to be achieved. In this work we show how the long-term coevolution between peasants and their environment sustained habitats and species that are now declining along with rural exodus in a mountainous area of the Mediterranean, a region where the maintenance of diverse landscapes is very much related to the presence of traditional rural activities. We provide an account of agrosilvopastoral practices once performed by the local peasant community and show their embeddedness in a particular set of institutions and worldview within an adaptive social–ecological system. We argue that such practices constitute an essential social–ecological heritage entailing valuable insights for the conservation of Mediterranean landscapes under conditions of global change.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seco, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Filella, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schallhart, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metzger, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mueller, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hansel, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volatile organic compounds in the western Mediterranean basin: urban and rural winter measurements during the DAURE campaign</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iberian peninsula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VOCs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4291-4306</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have key environmental and biological roles, but little is known about the daily VOC mixing ratios in Mediterranean urban and natural environments. We measured VOC mixing ratios concurrently at an urban and a rural site during the winter DAURE campaign in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula, by means of PTR-MS at both locations: a PTR-Quad-MS at the urban site and a PTR-ToF-MS at the rural site. All VOC mixing ratios measured were higher at the urban site (e. g. acetaldehyde, isoprene, benzene, and toluene with averages up to 1.68, 0.31, 0.58 and 2.71 ppbv, respectively), with the exception of some short-chain oxygenated VOCs such as acetone (with similar averages of 0.7-1.6 ppbv at both sites). The average diurnal pattern also differed between the sites. Most of the VOCs at the urban location showed their highest mixing ratios in the morning and evening. These peaks coincided with traffic during rush hour, the main origin of most of the VOCs analyzed. Between these two peaks, the sea breeze transported the urban air inland, thus helping to lower the VOC loading at the urban site. At the rural site, most of the measured VOCs were advected by the midday sea breeze, yielding the highest daily VOC mixing ratios (e. g. acetaldehyde, isoprene, benzene, and toluene with averages up to 0.65, 0.07, 0.19, and 0.41 ppbv, respectively). Only biogenic monoterpenes showed a clear local origin at this site. In addition, the concentrations of fine particulate matter observed at both sites, together with the synoptic meteorological conditions and radio-sounding data, allowed the identification of different atmospheric scenarios that had a clear influence on the measured VOC mixing ratios. These results highlight the differences and relationships in VOC mixing ratios between nearby urban and rural areas in Mediterranean regions. Further research in other urban-rural areas is warranted to better understand the urban-rural influence on atmospheric VOC mixing ratios under different atmospheric conditions.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pascual, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olarieta, J R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez-Ochoa, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Development of Quercus ilex plantations is related to soil phosphorus availability on shallow calcareous soils</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Forests</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Active lime</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afforestation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gypsum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semiarid areas</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">805-814</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1105601293</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The objective of this study is to analyse the performance of Quercus ilex plantations established under semiarid conditions on different soils formed on calcareous and gypsiferous parent material. We studied eighteen 300 m 2 plots in which 1 year-old seedlings had been planted after subsoiling on the contour. Plots were stratiﬁed according to aspect (north and south) and previous land use/parent material: shrubland on limestone (LM-SH), shrubland on gypsum rock (GY-SH), and cropland on colluvium (CO-AG). Soils developed on limestone and colluvium had average rooting depths of 27 and 37 cm, respectively, and mean concentrations of active lime and phosphorus (P) of 130 and 190 mg g -1 and 10 and 19 mg kg -1 , respectively. Soils developed on gypsum had a mean rooting depth of 26 cm, and a mean gypsum concentration of 73 %. Height and diameter of trees varied signiﬁcantly according to parent material/previous land use but not to slope aspect. Mean height and diameter of trees were signiﬁcantly higher in CO-AG plots than in LM-SH and GY-SH plots. Soil P and depth were the main variables explaining differences in dominant height across all 18 plots. In CO-AG plots mean height was negatively related to soil pH but positively related to soil P concentration. In LM-SH plots, mean diameter and height were negatively related to active lime concentration. This study suggests that soil P is a major determinant of holm oak performance in shallow calcareous soils and highlights the importance of conducting detailed soil studies in order to assess the viability of plantations with this species.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Puerta-Piñero, Carolina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pino, Joan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez, José María</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Direct and indirect landscape effects on Quercus ilex regeneration in heterogeneous environments.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">irradiance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape connectivity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life Cycle Stages</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Passeriformes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Dispersal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant–animal interactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recruitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seedling: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sus scrofa</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">170</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1009-1020</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding how plant-animal interactions shape plant regeneration is traditionally examined at local scales. In contrast, landscape ecologists working at regional scales often have to infer the mechanisms underlying vegetation patterns. In this study, we empirically explored how landscape attributes (patch connectivity, size, shape, irradiance, slope, and elevation) influence biotic interactions in 1- and 2-year seedlings and saplings of Quercus ilex. We combined field data and GIS-based information under a set of five connectivity scenarios, presuming low, intermediate, and long-distance seed dispersal. Our study emphasizes that landscape, apart from its direct effects on plants, plays a key, albeit indirect, role in plant demography through its effects on seed dispersers and predators. Moreover, the effects of landscape on recruitment differed between plant life stages. One-year seedlings and saplings appear to depend more on plant-animal interactions, while 2-year seedlings depend more on irradiance. Differences in patch connectivity resulted in direct and indirect effects on biotic interactions, which, in turn, produced contrasting positive and negative effects on regeneration at different stages of the life cycle. While jays and wild boars seem crucial to all life stages and most of the connectivity scenarios, rodents and herbivores affected only 1-year seedlings and saplings, respectively, and only a few of the connectivity scenarios. By simultaneously including an ensemble of explanatory factors, our study emphasizes that regeneration depends on a set of key drivers, both abiotic (i.e. irradiance) and biotic (i.e. jays and wild boars), whose effects are greatly modulated by landscape traits.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22717625</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rives, Jesús</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez-Rodriguez, Ivan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabarrell, Xavier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rieradevall, Joan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental analysis of cork granulate production in Catalonia – Northern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resources, Conservation and Recycling</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork granulate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecomaterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life cycle assessment (LCA)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921344911002400</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">132 - 142</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork is a natural and renewable material extracted mainly in the Western Mediterranean area. Apart from natural cork stoppers and discs, the most important product of the cork sector is cork granulate, because it represents a solution for the large quantities of waste generated during natural cork industry production and during forestry activities. Cork granulates have not yet been studied from an environmental perspective, although this ecomaterial could substitute other non-renewable and more harmful materials, such as petroleum derivates. This study presents an environmental analysis of the production of cork granulates, following the life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. All the operations after forest management were analysed, from the extraction of the resources to the use of these intermediate products. Research also sought to identify the operations that contribute most to potential environmental impact during production. Inventory data was collected from three representative local producers that all use standard technology. Regarding environmental burdens, trituration and classiﬁcation-sieving were the operations which contribute most to the environmental impact of granulate production; together representing between 90% and 97% of the environmental burdens for the studied categories. It was also stated that 35% of the initial raw material that enters the system became dust during production. Cork dust is a potential material that can be used as a fuel to substitute other non-renewable sources of energy such as diesel oil or electricity. However, it was observed that the use of this waste as an energy source was still at an incipient point of implantation.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rives, Jesús</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez-Rodriguez, Ivan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rieradevall, Joan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabarrell, Xavier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental analysis of raw cork extraction in cork oak forests in southern Europe (Catalonia--Spain).</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of environmental management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agro-forestry system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon dioxide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate change mitigation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork Oak Forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life cycle assessment (LCA)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">110</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">236-245</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak grows endemically in a narrow region bordering the western Mediterranean, and especially in the Iberian Peninsula. The importance of cork agro-forestry systems lies in the fact that a natural and renewable raw material - cork - can be extracted sustainably without endangering the tree or affecting biodiversity. This paper describes an environmental analysis of the extraction of raw cork in cork oak forests in Catalonia, using data from five representative local forest exploitations. The evaluation was carried out using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, and all the forestry management required to obtain a tonne of raw cork was included. The aim of the study was to evaluate the environmental impacts - in terms of global warming, acidification, eutrophication, human toxicity, and so on - caused by cork extraction and determine the carbon dioxide balance of these forestry systems, with a tree lifespan of about 200 years. During the life cycle extraction of cork in Catalonia, 0.2 kg of CO(2) eq. was emitted per kg of raw cork extracted. Moreover, cork cannot be extracted without the tree, which will be fixing carbon dioxide throughout its technological useful life (200 years), despite the fact that the bark is removed periodically: every 13-14 years. If the emission from extraction and the carbon contained in the material is discounted, the carbon dioxide balance indicates that 18 kg of CO(2) are fixed per kg of raw cork extracted. Therefore, cork is a natural, renewable and local material that can replace other non-renewable materials, at local level, to reduce the environmental impacts of products, and particularly to reduce their carbon footprint.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22813756</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rives, Jesús</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez-Rodriguez, Ivan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rieradevall, Joan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabarrell, Xavier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental analysis of the production of champagne cork stoppers</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Cleaner Production</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Champagne cork stopper</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork agglomerate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life cycle assessment (LCA)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural cork disc</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-13</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Champagne cork stoppers are a product made basically from cork, a natural and renewable resource extracted from cork oak forests in western Mediterranean regions. Each stopper is made up of an agglomerated cork body and two natural cork discs. In 2009, 60% of the world’s champagne cork stoppers were produced in Catalonia, due to the importance of cava, champagne and other sparkling wines in neighbouring areas. The aim of this research was to provide environmental reference data on champagne cork stoppers production, and identify the industrial stages and operations that made the greatest impact. This research was carried out using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, and ﬁve of the most representative producers were analysed. The system considered all the processes involved in production after the forest management stage and one million champagne cork stoppers were taken as a functional unit (FU). Results showed that 53,886 kg of CO2 eq. were emitted to produce the FU. It was observed that the champagne cork stopper manufacture stage represented between 57 and 67% of the environmental impact, depending on the category. Speciﬁcally, between 25 and 47% of the environmental impacts associated with this stage were caused by the body agglomeration operation, and between 21 and 29% were caused by the gluing of discs. On the other hand, some of the production stages such as the transport of raw cork and intermediate products, cork slab preparation or end of life stages represented a very small part of the total environmental impact of the product, less than 2%. Furthermore, it was observed that a champagne cork stopper produced by the most impacting company presented a higher impact, between 10 and 27% above the sector average, depending on the impact category; while the least impacting company presented between 12 and 32% less impact. These differences indicate that some companies can improve their production by adopting technology and production practices that some of their competitors have already put in place.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matías, Luis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quero, José Luis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zamora, Regino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro, Jorge</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidence for plant traits driving specific drought resistance. A community field experiment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental and Experimental Botany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass allocation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structural traits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Survival</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trade-off</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier B.V.</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55-61</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought is known to be a major bottleneck for woody-community recruitment. The species-speciﬁc resistance to drought and factors involved in its variation are of special interest to forecast community fate. We performed an experiment under natural ﬁeld conditions from winter 2006 to end summer 2008 to investigate the structural responses of woody saplings to nine combinations of light (three habitats differing in plant cover:forest, shrubland, and open) andwater (three climate scenarios: drier, current and wetter summers). Our working hypothesis is that plant strategies to cope with drought are determined by habitat characteristics and/or variation of plant traits, and that these different strategies may determine community composition and dynamics. Eight woody species with different life forms and successional stages (trees, mid-successional shrubs, and pioneer shrubs) were selected for the comparison, including therefore species representative of the entire woody community. We explored drought resistance at the population level (DS), the relations of the different morphological traits to DS, and the potential importance for plants of inter-speciﬁc trade-offs. DS ranged from 0% to 99% for the different species, depending on the habitat. Some structural traits were found to be related to DS: positively with total biomass and leaf mass ratio (LMR) and negatively with leaf area-root mass ratio (LARMR). Contrary to previous studies, the present work revealed no evidence of trade-offs, such as survival in forest vs. growth in open, or growth in forest vs. growth in open. Accordingly, some species with low DS values (Acer opalus and Pinus sylvestris) would be threatened under the future climate conditions, while species having structural characteristics to increase their resistance under expected dry years in coming decades (i.e., high LMR and total biomass or low LARMR, such as Quercus ilex and the shrub Cytisus scoparius) might enhance their recruitment probabilities. Thus, species-speciﬁc plant traits, and their effect on DS, may ﬁlter future community assemblages.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dias, Filipe S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bugalho, Miguel N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orestes Cerdeira, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">João Martins, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Is forest certification targeting areas of high biodiversity in cork oak savannas?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irreplaceability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10531-012-0401-4</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Over the last four decades the world has been losing biodiversity at an alarming rate despite the increasing number of protected areas (PAs). Certiﬁed forest management may complement the role of PAs in protecting biodiversity. Forest certiﬁcation aims to promote sustainable forest management and to maintain or enhance the conservation value of certiﬁed forests. The area of forest under certiﬁed forest management has grown quickly over the past decade. Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certiﬁcation, for example, currently covers 148 million hectares, i.e., 3.7 % of the world’s forests. In spite of such increase there is, however, a dearth of information on how forest certiﬁcation is related to biodiversity. In this study we assessed if FSC certiﬁcation is being applied in high biodiversity areas in cork oak savannas in Portugal by comparing biodiversity values of certiﬁed and non-certiﬁed areas for birds, reptiles and amphibians. We calculated the relative species richness and irreplaceability value for each group of species in certiﬁed and non-certiﬁed areas and compared them using randomization tests. The biodiversity value of certiﬁed areas was not signiﬁcantly greater than that of non-certiﬁed areas. Since FSC certiﬁcation is expanding quickly in cork oak savannas it is important to consider the biodiversity value of these areas during this process. Prioritizing areas of high biodiversity value would enhance the conservation value of forest certiﬁcation and facilitate integrating certiﬁcation with other conservation initiatives.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ascensão, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clevenger, Anthony P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grilo, Clara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Filipe, Joel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos-Reis, Margarida</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Highway verges as habitat providers for small mammals in agrosilvopastoral environments</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apodemus sylvaticus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Capture–mark–recapture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crocidura russula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iberia Peninsula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montado woodlands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mus spretus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Road ecology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10531-012-0390-3http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10531-012-0390-3</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3681 - 3697</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Mediterranean Basin has an important conservation value given its high biodiversity and high number of endemic species, which have co-existed with human traditional practices for centuries. However, northern areas as the Iberian Peninsula have experienced intensiﬁcation in livestock production in recent past, with consequent reduction in habitat quality. In this study we assessed the importance of fenced highway verges as habitat for small mammals in Mediterranean agrosilvopastoral landscapes. More speciﬁcally, we compared small mammal abundance between highway verges and the adjacent two main land uses (‘‘montado’’ and open areas); compared the vegetative structure among these land were captured: 157 wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus), 95 western Mediterranean mice (Mus spretus) and 99 greater white-toothed shrews (Crocidura russula). Capture–mark– recapture analyses were performed to estimate population size. Our data suggests that fenced highway verges promote better vegetative structure conditions which in turn favor a higher animal abundance therein. We suggest the adoption of management practices to increase the height and cover of herbaceous and shrub layers in road verges, together with creating grazing controlled areas in highway vicinity, particularly in ‘‘montado’’ patches, linked by vegetated linear features. This would increase habitat and refuge for a large numbers of species, including small mammals, and thus beneﬁting the trophic chain and the whole agrosilvopastoral system. uses; and addressed how vegetation structure inﬂuences species occupancy. Thirty-six sites were sampled in agrosilvopastoral system areas in southern Portugal (sampling effort 8,840 trap-nights). A total of 351 individuals from target species</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliveira, Graca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costa, Augusta</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">How resilient is Quercus suber L. to cork harvesting? A review and identification of knowledge gaps</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork stripping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainable harvesting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree physiology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112712000357</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">270</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">257 - 272</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) woodlands are ecologically sensitive and human-supported areas which strongly rely on the high market value of cork for their sustainability. Cork harvesting is a forestry practice speciﬁc to this Mediterranean evergreen oak, whereby the bark (cork) is periodically removed from stems and branches over the whole tree lifetime. This practice is a strain factor for the tree, particularly because it is performed during the most stressful time of the year, and also because stripped oaks become more vulnerable to pathogens and environmental hazards such as wildﬁres. This review gathers and analyzes information about tree responses to cork harvesting. Cork removal leads to phellogen destruction and subsequent regeneration. Upon each harvesting, the tree faces important losses of water, released from the suddenly exposed living cells, and of cork. Immediate responses relate to stem healing mechanisms, leaf stomatal closure and prompt production of new cork layers by the restored phellogen, the latter actually representing the most evident response of Q. suber to cork harvesting. Further strategies to compensate for water and cork losses are insufﬁciently understood, but possibly include prolonged reduction of leaf transpiration (and consequent reduction of photoassimilation), increased water uptake from the soil, use of reserves and changes in whole-tree energy allocation to support cork regeneration. Cork stripping by unskilled workers may leave wounds on the tree, which eventually hinder cork regeneration and lead to premature tree death. The relationship between current cork harvesting practices (e.g. harvesting intensities or periodicity) and tree resilience is not quite established. Higher stripping pressures seem to trigger more pronounced or drastic tree responses and/or to enhance their decline. A major conclusion is that the available information is still too scarce to allow for a consistent evaluation of the effects of cork harvesting on cork oak and on its associated woodlands. So far, few studies have addressed how tree resilience relates to harvesting intensities, a crucial issue to enable improved tree and stand management strategies and to ensure adequate conservation of these sensitive forest systems.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliveira, Graca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costa, Augusta</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">How resilient is Quercus suber L. to cork harvesting? A review and identification of knowledge gaps</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork stripping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainable harvesting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree physiology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012/4/15/</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112712000357</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">270</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">257 - 272</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0378-1127</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) woodlands are ecologically sensitive and human-supported areas which strongly rely on the high market value of cork for their sustainability. Cork harvesting is a forestry practice specific to this Mediterranean evergreen oak, whereby the bark (cork) is periodically removed from stems and branches over the whole tree lifetime. This practice is a strain factor for the tree, particularly because it is performed during the most stressful time of the year, and also because stripped oaks become more vulnerable to pathogens and environmental hazards such as wildfires.This review gathers and analyzes information about tree responses to cork harvesting. Cork removal leads to phellogen destruction and subsequent regeneration. Upon each harvesting, the tree faces important losses of water, released from the suddenly exposed living cells, and of cork. Immediate responses relate to stem healing mechanisms, leaf stomatal closure and prompt production of new cork layers by the restored phellogen, the latter actually representing the most evident response of Q. suber to cork harvesting. Further strategies to compensate for water and cork losses are insufficiently understood, but possibly include prolonged reduction of leaf transpiration (and consequent reduction of photoassimilation), increased water uptake from the soil, use of reserves and changes in whole-tree energy allocation to support cork regeneration.
Cork stripping by unskilled workers may leave wounds on the tree, which eventually hinder cork regeneration and lead to premature tree death.
The relationship between current cork harvesting practices (e.g. harvesting intensities or periodicity) and tree resilience is not quite established. Higher stripping pressures seem to trigger more pronounced or drastic tree responses and/or to enhance their decline.
A major conclusion is that the available information is still too scarce to allow for a consistent evaluation of the effects of cork harvesting on cork oak and on its associated woodlands. So far, few studies have addressed how tree resilience relates to harvesting intensities, a crucial issue to enable improved tree and stand management strategies and to ensure adequate conservation of these sensitive forest systems.
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruiz-Mirazo, Jabier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robles, Ana Belén</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Impact of targeted sheep grazing on herbage and holm oak saplings in a silvopastoral wildfire prevention system in south-eastern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazed fuelbreak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ground cover</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semiarid</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">86</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">477-491</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Several wildﬁre prevention programs in southern Europe are currently using livestock grazing for the maintenance of fuelbreaks. This silvopastoral management is valued for being sustainable and effective in reducing fuel loads, but few studies have analyzed other impacts linked to fuelbreak grazing. This paper reports on an experiment performed within the wildﬁre prevention program in Andalusia (southern Spain) with the aim of clarifying and quantifying the effect of fuelbreak grazing on herbage biomass, ground cover, herbage species composition, and growth of holm oak saplings. The study site, located in a semiarid Mediterranean environment, was grazed by a shepherded sheep ﬂock from February to June in three consecutive years at a similar stocking rate. Livestock consumed between 33 and 68 % of herbage production in the different years, and the greatest fuel reduction (remaining dry matter of 200 kg ha -1 ) was registered in Year 2, when rainfall and herbage production was lowest. Ground cover was signiﬁ- cantly affected by grazing: on average, the percentage of bare soil increased three-fold, while herbage cover was reduced by a quarter. The botanical composition of herbage varied remarkably between years, but very little between Grazed and Non-Grazed areas within each year. Non-browsed holm oak saplings became progressively larger than browsed ones, differences only reaching clear statistical signiﬁcance at the end of the three experimental years. At this time, the volume of browsed saplings was 47–56 % smaller than that of non-browsed holm oaks, even though the former had also grown signiﬁcantly in the course of the experiment.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabarrón-Galeote, Miguel Angel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruiz-Sinoga, José Damián</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quesada, Miguel a</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of aspect in soil and vegetation water dynamics in dry Mediterranean conditions: functional adjustment of evergreen and semi-deciduous growth forms</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecohydrology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">accepted 18 february 2012</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">aspect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cistus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lavandula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant water balance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">received 23 may 2011</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">revised 12 december 2011</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil moisture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/eco.1262</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">n/a - n/a</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study was undertaken in a watershed at a dry Spanish Mediterranean location. The effects of the north-facing and southfacing aspects on atmospheric parameters, soil water contents (SWCs) and plant water balances were assessed during 18 months including two dry seasons and one wet season. The species studied were the evergreen sclerophyll Quercus suber and the semideciduous shrubs Cistus albidus, Cistus monspeliensis and Lavandula stoechas. Atmospheric parameters were similar in both exposures, but water content of the 30-cm uppermost soil layers was higher under canopy in the south-facing slope during the wet season. Water balances of both slopes were different, and this was related to the lower shrub abundance and the vegetation patchiness observed in the south-facing slope. Autumn plant recovery was faster in the north-facing hillslope and occurred ﬁrst in shrubs. During the whole study, Quercus suber displayed a hydrostable strategy maintaining an optimum water balance in both hillslopes. This was not the case of shrubs that avoided drought using a phenological adjustment and were more affected by aspect. Differences between tree and shrub water economies relied mainly on their respective root systems. The faster recovery of shrubs after the ﬁrst autumn rainfalls allows them to avoid competition with other functional groups for water and nutrients during some days. Leaf-drying curves distinguished the functional behaviour of the tree and the shrubs because stomatal closure occurred at higher relative water content in the former. The coexistence of both functional strategies ensures an efﬁcient use of water and nutritional resources</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kouli, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gogou, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bouloubassi, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Triantaphyllou, M. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ioakim, Chr</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katsouras, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roussakis, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lykousis, V.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Late postglacial paleoenvironmental change in the northeastern Mediterranean region: Combined palynological and molecular biomarker evidence</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quaternary International</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aegean Sea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climatic variability (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">terrestrial biomarkers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1040618211006215</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">261</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">118 - 127</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Three gravity cores collected from the NE Mediterranean (NEMR) across a transect from the northern Aegean Sea (North Skyros basin) to the south Cretan margin (SCM), were investigated for pollen and terrestrial biomarkers derived from epicuticular waxes of vascular plants during the last w20 ky. Pollen data show diversiﬁed mixed temperate forest in the northern borderlands and enhanced Mediterranean vegetation in the southern areas, documenting an NeS climatic trend. Terrestrial plant biomarkers and their diagnostic geochemical indices exhibit latitudinal patterns which are interpreted in terms of the different delivery pathways (ﬂuvial/runoff vs. atmospheric transport), resulting from the climate conditions during different periods. During the Late Glacial and early deglaciation periods (20e14 ka BP) relatively increased humidity (H-index) is recorded in the north Aegean Sea, while in the South drier climate was the limiting factor for vegetation development. During this interval, terrestrial n-alkanes showed increased accumulation rates, suggesting massive transport of terrestrial organic matter through runoffs and rivers, followed by weaker input after 14 ka BP. After w11 ka BP a major expansion of forest cover is evidenced in the NEMR, accompanied by a higher H-index because of the climatic amelioration. The forest vegetation exhibited regionally different characteristics, with cool temperate taxa being more abundant in the Aegean cores, while the SCM record is being featured by Mediterranean elements. At the onset of the Holocene and throughout the Holocene Climatic Optimum the delivery of terrestrial biomarkers increased and became more signiﬁcant in the Aegean sites compared to the SCM site. Within the Holocene, the average chain length (ACL) of long chain n-alkanes exhibits lower values in the northern Aegean than in the southeastern Aegean and SCM, indicating the predominance of warmer species southwards. Finally, the H-index records a conspicuous humidity increase between 5.4 and 4.3 ka BP in the south Aegean that coincides with an increase in the terrestrial biomarker supply and the deposition of a distinct sapropel-like layer, SMH (Sapropel Mid Holocene). Similar trends in T (temperature) and H indices are slightly delayed and attenuated in the northern Aegean and are accompanied by an increase in the ACL index. A noticeable increase in the accumulation rates (ARs) of terrestrial biomarkers and the HPA index values during this period are clearly recorded in all three cores, indicative of enhanced terrigenous inputs of organic matter along with higher in-situ preservation.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-Martínez, Marcos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belmonte, Jordina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARÍA ESPELTA, JOSEP</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Masting in oaks: Disentangling the effect of flowering phenology, airborne pollen load and drought</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorns</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pollination efﬁciency hypothesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus spp.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resource-based hypotheses</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1146609X12000586</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51 - 59</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus species exhibit an extreme inter-annual variability in seed production often synchronized over large geographical areas (masting). Since this reproductive behavior is mostly observed in anemophilous plants, pollination efﬁciency is suggested as one hypothesis to explain it, although resource-based hypotheses are also suggested as alternatives. We analyzed the effect of ﬂowering phenology, airborne pollen presence and meteorological conditions in the pattern of acorn production in mixed evergreendeciduous oak forests (Quercus ilex and Quercus pubescens) in NE Spain for twelve years (1998e2009). In both oaks, higher temperatures advanced the onset of ﬂowering and increased the amount of airborne pollen. Nevertheless, inter-annual differences in pollen production did not inﬂuence acorn crop size. Acorn production was enhanced by a delay in ﬂowering onset in Q. ilex but not in Q. pubescens. This suggests that in perennial oaks a larger number of photosynthates produced before ﬂowering could beneﬁt reproduction while the lack of effects on deciduous oaks could be because these species ﬂush new leaves and ﬂowers at the same time. Notwithstanding this effect, spring water deﬁcit was the most relevant factor in explaining inter-annual variability in acorn production in both species. Considering that future climate scenarios predict progressive warmer and dryer spring seasons in the Mediterranean Basin, this might result in earlier onsets of ﬂowering and higher water deﬁcits that would constrain acorn production.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Camarero, Jesús Julio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olano, José Miguel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arroyo Alfaro, Sandra Jackeline</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-Marín, Beatriz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Becerril, José Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Plazaola, José Ignacio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photoprotection mechanisms in Quercus ilex under contrasting climatic conditions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecotypes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photoprotection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trichomes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0367253012000783</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">207</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">557 - 564</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acclimation to local conditions may produce adaptive responses in plants subjected to diverse climatic stresses. However, it has not been assessed how local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity contribute to photoprotection mechanisms in response to contrasting climatic conditions in Mediterranean tree species. We analyzed photoprotectionmechanisms inmature trees oftheMediterranean evergreen oak Quercus ilex at three sites with contrasting climatic conditions, i.e. xeric, continental and mesic sites. We studied morphological and physiological parameters indicative of photoprotection in adult trees in the ﬁeld. In order to establish whether these parameters were genetically determined we compared adults with seedlings germinated from acorns of the three sites and grown under common greenhouse conditions. In the ﬁeld we found no signiﬁcant differences in most of the physiological parameters in summer, but in winter the adulttrees fromthe continental site were photoinhibited. In contrast,there were signiﬁcant differences between seedlings in most photoprotective parameters evaluated. Morphological traits such as trichome density and leaf reﬂectance differed between populations, both in ﬁeld-grown trees and in greenhouse-grown seedlings, being higher in all cases in plants from the xeric site than elsewhere. Our ﬁndings suggest the existence of constitutive differences in leaf photoprotection mechanisms among Q. ilex populations. These divergences may represent an inherent source for more stress tolerant ecotypes in the face of changing climatic conditions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier GmbH.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>7</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luterbacher, Jürg</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lionello, Piero</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A review of 2000 years of paleoclimatic evidence in the Mediterranean</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Climate of the Mediterranean Region</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate reconstruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate variability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human impact (PG)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">87-185</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9780124160422</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The integration of climate information from instrumental data and documentary and natural archives; evidence of past human activity derived from historical, paleoecological, and archaeological records; and new climate modeling techniques promises major breakthroughs for our understanding of climate sensitivity, ecological processes, environmental response, and human impact. In this chapter, we review the availability and potential of instrumental data, less well-known written records, and terrestrial and marine natural proxy archives for climate in the Mediterranean region over the last 2000 years. We highlight the need to integrate these different proxy archives and the importance for multiproxy studies of disentangling complex relationships among climate, sea-level changes, fire, vegetation, and forests, as well as land use and other human impacts. Focusing on dating uncertainties, we address seasonality effects and other uncertainties in the different proxy records. We describe known and anticipated challenges posed by integrating multiple diverse proxies in high-resolution climate-variation reconstructions, including proxy limitations to robust reconstruction of the natural range of climate variability and problems specific to temporal scales from interannual to multicentennial. Finally, we highlight the potential of paleo models to contribute to climate reconstructions in the Mediterranean, by narrowing the range of climate-sensitivity estimates and by assimilating multiple proxies.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Llorente, Marina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martín-López, Berta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iniesta-Arandia, Irene</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López-Santiago, César a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aguilera, Pedro a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montes, Carlos</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of multi-functionality in social preferences toward semi-arid rural landscapes: An ecosystem service approach</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Science &amp; Policy</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contingent valuation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Expert focus group</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape aesthetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social–ecological system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Value</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1462901112000317</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19-20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">136 - 146</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present study analyzes the relationship between landscape multi-functionality and social preferences toward Mediterranean landscapes in terms of monetary and nonmonetary techniques. Twenty landscape views were selected as representative of the landscape units characterizing Nacimiento and Adra semi-arid watersheds (southeastern Spain). Face-to-face questionnaires were used to assess social factors that inﬂuence willingness to pay for aesthetic landscape enjoyment (use value) and landscape conservation (non-use value). Meanwhile, an expert focus group analyzed the capacity of the selected semi-arid ecosystems for supplying services to society. The favorite landscape views mainly contained steeper reliefs, water ﬂows, and traditional human activities. Our results suggest a strong positive effect between respondents’ place attachment and the level of support for landscape conservation. Respondents were more willing to pay for the conservation of semiarid rural landscapes when their sense of belonging was greater. We also found that multifunctional landscapes, which provide higher numbers of regulating and cultural services, were also preferred in terms of their visual quality (use value). Additionally, they had more social support for their conservation (non-use value). The conversion of multi-functional landscapes to mono-functional ones disturbs the stability of rural areas, their capacity to provide other ecosystem services, and the social support toward their preservation. To reverse this tendency, two major ideas should be emphasized. The ﬁrst is the necessity of considering the ecological components and processes behind landscapes, and the second is the role of the local population on rural landscape conservation</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Correia, a C. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minunno, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caldeira, M. C. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Banza, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mateus, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carneiro, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wingate, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shvaleva, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramos, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongen, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bugalho, M. N. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nogueira, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lecomte, X.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, J. S. S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil water availability strongly modulates soil CO2 efflux in different Mediterranean ecosystems: Model calibration using the Bayesian approach</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture, Ecosystems &amp; Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bayesian calibration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Empirical model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil CO2 efﬂux</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil moisture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil respiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil temperature</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S016788091200285X</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">161</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">88 - 100</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil respiration in drought prone regions is highly dependent on the precipitation regime and soil moisture conditions, which are expected to change in a global warming context. In the present study we used an extensive collection of ﬁeld chamber measurements of soil respiration (Rs ) from forest and grassland sites of centre and south of Portugal distributed over a 10 year period. This data were summarized and analysed with the objective to describe seasonal variability of Rs as affected by soil moisture (Hs ) and soil temperature (Ts ). A Bayesian framework was used to test the effectiveness of soil bioclimatic models in estimating Rs on a daily and monthly time step. Rs seasonality was similar between sites, reaching a maximum in spring and autumn and a minimum in the dry season (July–September). No differences were observed for Rs between sites with different standing biomass or soil carbon stocks either on an annual or seasonal timescale. Hs , and not Ts , was the driving factor of Rs during most of the year. Ts drove Rs response only above certain Hs limits: 10% for forest sites and 15% for grassland sites leading to a Q10 of 2.01, 1.61 and 1.31 for closed forests, open forests and grasslands, respectively. The Bayesian analysis showed that models using Hs as an independent variable performed better than models driven by Ts alone. Monthly estimates of Rs in grasslands can be predicted by simple climatic models based on Hs but none of them was suitable for forest ecosystems, stressing the need for a process-based approach. This study adds to the evidence that Hs controls Rs ﬂuxes for Mediterranean ecosystems and should always be taken into account for extrapolation purposes.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calò, Camilla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henne, Paul D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curry, Brandon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magny, Michel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vescovi, Elisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">La Mantia, Tommaso</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pasta, Salvatore</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vannière, Boris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tinner, Willy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatio-temporal patterns of Holocene environmental change in southern Sicily</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">paleoecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paleohydrology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sicily</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031018212000624</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">323-325</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">110 - 122</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Few examples of natural forest remain near the Mediterranean coast. Therefore, it is difﬁcult to study how coastal forests respond to climatic change or their resilience to human impact. We developed new sedimentary record of Holocene vegetation and ﬁre history at Lago Preola, a coastal lake in southwestern Sicily (Italy). In order to verify the existence of forest at large scale on the coast, we compare pollen from Lago Preola, a medium-sized lake (33 ha), to Gorgo Basso, a small lake (3 ha) located nearby with the aim of separating local from extra-local vegetation dynamics through time using pollen percentages and inﬂux. We then compare Lago Preola pollen to the record from Biviere di Gela, a large lagoon (120 ha) situated 160 km to the east in southern Sicily, to examine differences in vegetation dynamics between the two coastal areas during the Holocene. Lake-level reconstructions and ostracode analyses from Lago Preola provide vegetation-independent evidence of climate change, and help to disentangle human and climatic impacts on vegetation. Pollen data indicate Pistacia-dominated shrublands replaced open grasslands in the region surrounding Lago Preola by 9500 cal yr BP. This change coincided with rising lake levels and the development of an ostracode fauna typical of fresh waters. Evergreen forest dominated by Quercus ilex and Olea europaea started to expand by 7000 cal BP and consolidated at 6500 cal yr BP, when lake levels were near their Holocene high. Similarities between pollen from Lago Preola and Gorgo Basso demonstrate that forest was the dominant vegetation type in coastal Sicily during the middle Holocene at both regional and local scales, and even developed in the drier climatic setting around Biviere di Gela. Lake levels fell at Lago Preola after 7000 cal yr BP, with a strong decline accompanied by increasing salinity after 4500 cal yr BP. However, no transition in vegetation matched these inferred hydrological changes. Instead, forests persisted in the surrounding region until 2200 cal BP when human disturbance intensiﬁed. We propose that different climatic factors control lake levels and vegetation in coastal Mediterranean ecosystems. Whereas lake levels are most sensitive to the abundance of winter precipitation, coastal forests depend on spring precipitation and are limited by the length of summer drought. Moisture availability remained suitable for evergreen forests in coastal Sicily during the late Holocene, and humans, not a drier climate drove the regional forest decline.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Djamali, Morteza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gambin, Belinda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marriner, Nick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrieu-Ponel, Valérie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gambin, Timmy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gandouin, Emmanuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lanfranco, Sandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Médail, Frédéric</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavon, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ponel, Philippe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morhange, Christophe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation dynamics during the early to mid-Holocene transition in NW Malta, human impact versus climatic forcing</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation History and Archaeobotany</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evergreen Pistacia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monsoon intensiﬁcation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neolithic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pollen analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temple cultural phase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s00334-012-0380-0</style></url></web-urls></urls><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0033401203800</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A pollen diagram was constructed for the earlyto mid-Holocene transition (ca. 7350–5600 cal. B.P./5400– 3650 B.C.) from the Burmarrad ria located in NW Malta. The vegetation at ca. 7350–6960 cal. B.P./5400–5010 B.C. was characterized by an almost tree-less steppe-like open landscape. Early Holocene dry climatic conditions were most probably due to intensiﬁcation of the subtropical monsoon circulation that strengthened the subtropical anticyclonic descent over the central Mediterranean and blocked the penetration of humid air masses from the North Atlantic Ocean. At ca. 6950 cal. B.P./5000 B.C., the steppe-like vegetation was suddenly replaced by a Mediterranean evergreen forest or dense scrub dominated by Pistacia cf. lentiscus trees. This event, which has simultaneously been recorded in southern Sicily, was most probably caused by the southward shift of the ITCZ permitting the eastward movement of the North Atlantic cyclonic systems. Traces of human activities are evident in the pollen diagram since the beginning of the record but become more pronounced from the onset of the Temple Cultural Phase at ca. 6050 cal. B.P./4100 B.C. with a gradual decline of tree pollen. We suggest that the early- to mid-Holocene vegetation transformation was mainly controlled by a regional climatic change that occurred in a landscape only slightly impacted by human activities.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pardini, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nori, Michele</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agro-silvo-pastoral systems in Italy: integration and diversification</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pastoralism</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agro-silvo-pastoralism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multi-functionality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rural employment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rural out-migration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-10</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The paper describes recent changes in pastoral systems in Italy and provides an assessment of current farming systems in marginal areas of the country, where extensive livestock rearing still represents an option. Despite public financial support, rural farming in marginal areas increasingly has to find its place within the wider society, integrate into wider markets, support employment and diversify income generation. Provision of environmental as well as recreational services is increasingly complementing quality food production. The heterogeneous Italian landscape provides important opportunities to better integrate crops, trees and livestock into increasingly sustainable agro-silvo-pastoral systems.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andreetta, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dignac, Marie-France</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carnicelli, Stefano</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological and physico-chemical processes influence cutin and suberin biomarker distribution in two Mediterranean forest soil profiles</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogeochemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cutins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest soils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil organic matter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suberins</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10533-011-9693-9</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recent investigations have shown macromolecules, such as cutins, and suberins as effective markers for above and belowground plant tissues. These biopolyesters contain structural units speciﬁc for different litter components and for root biomass. The aim of this work was to understand the fate of plant organic matter (OM) in Mediterranean forest soils by evaluating the incorporation of cutin and suberin by measuring speciﬁc biomarkers. Soil and plant tissue (leaves, woods and roots) samples were collected in two mixed Mediterranean forests of Quercus ilex (holm oak) in costal stands in Tuscany (central Italy), which have different ecological and edaphic features. Ester-bound lipids of mineral and organic horizons and the overlying vegetation were analysed using the saponiﬁcation method in order to depolymerise cutins and suberins and release their speciﬁc structural units. Cutin and suberin speciﬁc aliphatic monomers were identiﬁed and quantiﬁed by gas chromatographic techniques. The distribution of cutin and suberin speciﬁc monomers in plant tissue suggested that mid-chain hydroxy acids can be used as leaf-speciﬁc markers and a,x-alkanedioic acids and xC18:1 as root-speciﬁc markers. Differences in the distributions of biomarkers speciﬁc for above and belowground plant-derived OM was observed in the two types of soils, suggesting contrasted degradation, stabilisation and transport mechanisms that may be related to soil physico-chemical properties. The acidic and dry soil appeared to inhibit microbial activity, favouring stabilization of leaf-derived compounds, while, in the more fertile soil, protection within aggregates appeared to better preserve root-derived compounds.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hernández-Ceballos, M. a.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Mozo, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adame, J. a.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Domínguez-Vilches, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bolívar, J. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De la Morena, B. a.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez-Badía, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galan, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">la Morena, B a.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez-Badía, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galan, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Determination of potential sources of Quercus airborne pollen in Córdoba city (southern Spain) using back-trajectory analysis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aerobiologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HYSPLIT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oak pollen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Synoptic conditions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transport</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">261-276</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1045301191</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The northern area of Co´rdoba province (southern Spain) is characterised by a high spatial distribution of Quercus species. In Co´rdoba city, high airborne Quercus pollen counts are detected during spring despite the low presence of Quercus populations in the Guadalquivir Valley, where this city is located. This study sought to clarify and identify the potential origin of the different Quercus peaks detected in this city and chart the possible relationship between Quercus pollen curves and air-mass movements. For this purpose, an integrated study of daily and intra-diurnal Quercus pollen counts and back-trajectory analysis was performed over the March–June period of the years 2006–2008. The application of cluster techniques to back trajectory enabled the identiﬁcation of six different types of air-mass movement. As a function of frequency, two different air-mass groups were identi- ﬁed: the main group comprised Local, Slower Northwest and Mediterranean movements, characterised by higher frequencies; a second group consisting of North, Faster Northwest and Southwest trajectories occurred less frequently over the study period. Although a signiﬁcant correlation was observed between Quercus airborne pollen counts recorded in Co´rdoba city and the inﬂuence of the Mediterranean air-mass movements, the strongest positive correlation was found between North and Northwest air-mass movements and daily Quercus pollen counts. These results would conﬁrm both that the major Quercus pollen sources are located at different distances north of the city and a new pollen source is also located south of the province, beyond the Guadalquivir valley, related to the arrival of Mediterranean air masses. The northern source appears to be linked to regional transport and the southern source to long-range transport.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez-Aparicio, LORENA</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GARCÍA-VALDÉS, Raúl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruíz-Benito, PALOMA</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zavala, MIGUEL a</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disentangling the relative importance of climate, size and competition on tree growth in Iberian forests: implications for forest management under global change</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Change Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2 march 2011</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competitive effect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competitive response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iberian peninsula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">march 2011 and accepted</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">maximum likelihood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">neighhorbood models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">received 21 october 2010</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">revised version received 1</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">species rank reversals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tree coexistence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02421.xhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02421.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2400 - 2414</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Most large-scale multispecies studies of tree growth have been conducted in tropical and cool temperate forests, whereas Mediterranean water-limited ecosystems have received much less attention. This limits our understanding of how growth of coexisting tree species varies along environmental gradients in these forests, and the implications for species interactions and community assembly under current and future climatic conditions. Here, we quantify the absolute effect and relative importance of climate, tree size and competition as determinants of tree growth patterns in Iberian forests, and explore interspecific differences in the two components of competitive ability (competitive response and effect) along climatic and size gradients. Spatially explicit neighborhood models were developed to predict tree growth for the 15 most abundant Iberian tree species using permanent-plot data from the Spanish Second and Third National Forest Inventory (IFN). Our neighborhood analyses showed a climatic and size effect on tree growth, but also revealed that competition from neighbors has a comparatively much larger impact on growth in Iberian forests. Moreover, the sensitivity to competition (i.e. competitive response) of target trees varied markedly along climatic gradients causing significant rank reversals in species performance, particularly under xeric conditions. We also found compelling evidence for strong species-specific competitive effects in these forests. Altogether, these results constitute critical new information which not only furthers our understanding of important theoretical questions about the assembly of Mediterranean forests, but will also be of help in developing new guidelines for adapting forests in this climatic boundary to global change. If we consider the climatic gradients of this study as a surrogate for future climatic conditions, then we should expect absolute growth rates to decrease and sensitivity to competition to increase in most forests of the Iberian Peninsula (in all but the northern Atlantic forests), making these management considerations even more important in the future.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rives, Jesús</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez-Rodriguez, Ivan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rieradevall, Joan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabarrell, Xavier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental analysis of the production of natural cork stoppers in southern Europe (Catalonia – Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Cleaner Production</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork sector</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eco-efﬁciency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecomaterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LCA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LCI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stopper</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">259-271</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The wine industry has developed greatly over recent years, and it could be stated that what was once a traditional industry has become a very productive and technical sector. One aspect that has not been studied until now is the cork stopper, despite the fact that most wine bottles are sealed with this product, and practically all corks are produced in the Iberian Peninsula. This study presents the environmental analysis of the production of natural cork stoppers, using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The research was supported by data from four Catalan representative companies and all the stages involved in the production after the forest management have been taken into account. The purpose of this research was to provide reference data for the Catalan cork industrial sector (Northeast Spain), and also contribute to deciding which aspects of natural cork stopper production must be improved and further researched. Another objective of this research was to emphasise and demonstrate that LCA methodology could be an interesting tool for improving traditional industry, from a cleaner production perspective. Results could be used by other sector companies to analyse and compare themselves with in order to know if they could improve their production with the current available technology. Impact assessment results indicate that the manufacturing stage was the stage causing the greatest impact, but also an evaluation of the inﬂuence of the initial transport from the forest reveals that this stage could notably increase the impact when raw cork was moved from distant forests.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carmo, Miguel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casimiro, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaz, Pedro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use and topography influences on wildfire occurrence in northern Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire risk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selection patterns</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169204611000028</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">169 - 176</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding the spatial patterns of wildﬁre ignition and spread has important implications for landscape planning for reducing ﬁre hazard. In this paper we characterise the patterns of wildﬁre occurrence in 3 regions of northern Portugal, using selection ratio functions to evaluate the ﬁre proneness of different land cover and topographic categories. For attaining this objective we characterised 1382 wildﬁres larger than 5 ha, which occurred in the years 1990–1991, according to land cover (10 categories), slope (5 categories) and aspect (5 categories) within which they occurred. For each ﬁre, the use of the different land cover and topographic categories was compared with availability in a surrounding buffer. For land cover, ﬁre proneness was much higher in shrublands, whereas agricultural areas and agro-forestry systems where less likely to burn. In terms of slope, steep slopes were more prone to ﬁre. Differences in land cover in the different slope categories contributed to this result, although there was an overall slope effect on the ﬁre proneness of all land cover types. In terms of aspect, only ﬂat areas were less ﬁre prone. Finally, there were regional variations in land cover susceptibility to ﬁre, but these did not occur for slope or aspect. In terms of landscape planning these results suggest that the more effective fuel breaks should be implemented in areas with agricultural crops in ﬂat slopes</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaz, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, J S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gazarini, L C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David, T S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David, J S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigues, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAROCO, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chaves, M M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought-induced photosynthetic inhibition and autumn recovery in two Mediterranean oak species (Quercus ilex and Quercus suber)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biochemical parameters</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recovery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water relations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">946-956</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Responses of leaf water relations and photosynthesis to summer drought and autumn rewetting were studied in two evergreen Mediterranean oak species, Quercus ilex spp. rotundifolia and Quercus suber. The predawn leaf water potential (ΨlPD), stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthetic rate (A) at ambient conditions were measured seasonally over a 3-year period. We also measured the photosynthetic response to light and to intercellular CO2 (A/PPFD and A/Ci response curves) under water stress (summer) and after recovery due to autumn rainfall. Photosynthetic parameters, Vcmax, Jmax and triose phosphate utilization (TPU) rate, were estimated using the Farquhar model. RuBisCo activity, leaf chlorophyll, leaf nitrogen concentration and leaf carbohydrate concentration were also measured. All measurements were performed in the spring leaves of the current year. In both species, the predawn leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate peaked in spring, progressively declined throughout the summer and recovered upon autumn rainfall. During the drought period, Q. ilex maintained a higher predawn leaf water potential and stomatal conductance than Q. suber. During this period, we found that photosynthesis was not only limited by stomatal closure, but was also downregulated as a consequence of a decrease in the maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and the light-saturated rate of photosynthetic electron transport (Jmax) in both species. The Vcmax and Jmax increased after the first autumnal rains and this increase was related to RuBisCo activity, leaf nitrogen concentration and chlorophyll concentration. In addition, an increase in the TPU rate and in soluble leaf sugar concentration was observed in this period. The results obtained indicate a high resilience of the photosynthetic apparatus to summer drought as well as good recovery in the following autumn rains of these evergreen oak species.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/tpq044</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/tpq044</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro, Helena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fortunel, Claire</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freitas, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of land abandonment on plant litter decomposition in a Montado system: relation to litter chemistry and community functional parameters</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant and Soil</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem processes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf dry matter content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life form</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">litter quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11104-010-0333-2</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">333</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">181 - 190</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changes in land use and subsequent shifts in vegetation can influence decomposition through changes in litter quality (chemistry and structure) and alterations of soil temperature and moisture. Our aim was to study the effects of land abandonment on litter decomposition in a Mediterranean area of Montado, South Portugal. We tested the hypothesis that decomposition tends to slow down with abandonment, as woody species, richer in lignified structures, replace herbaceous species. We assessed the decomposition of community litter in situ using litterbag technique. To test the influence of local conditions, we simultaneously incubated a standard litter in situ. Our results showed that the shift from herbaceous to shrubdominated communities lead to decreased decomposition rates. Changes in litter decomposition were primarily driven by changes in litter quality, even though the uneven pattern of litter mass loss over the experiment might reveal an effect from possible differences in microclimate. Shrub litter had higher nutrient content than herbaceous litter, which seemed to favour higher initial decomposition rates, but lower decomposition rate in the longer term. Shrubs also contribute to woody litter, richer in lignin, and secondary compounds that retard decomposition, and may play a role in increasing pools of slowly decomposing organic matter.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro, Helena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lehsten, Veiko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lavorel, Sandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freitas, Helena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional response traits in relation to land use change in the Montado</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture, Ecosystems &amp; Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fourth-corner method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional groups</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">functional traits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Null model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Secondary succession</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167880910000368</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">137</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">183 - 191</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The socio-economic changes of the last decades have resulted in changes in traditional land uses with consequent abandonment of large farmland areas in the Mediterranean region. We assessed the response of species richness and composition, and species functional traits to decreasing land use intensity in a Montado system, an agro-pastoral system characteristic of the Alentejo, Southern Portugal. Additionally, we investigated whether plant functional types can be established based on the response to decreasing land use intensity in these systems. Consistent with previous studies, species richness decreased sharply after land abandonment, and this was associated with a strong turnover in species composition from grazed to abandoned sites as the vegetation changed from herbaceous to shrub dominated communities. Pronounced differences in functional traits were found for different successional stages. Therophyte life form, short plant height, high speciﬁc leaf area (SLA), low leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and small seeds with dispersal structures were dominant in grazed plots. Within abandoned plots, chamaephytes dominated in plots abandoned for 10–15 years and decreased in favour of nanophanerophytes in plots abandoned for 20–30 years. Plant height, LDMC and seed mass increased with abandonment time while SLA decreased. Functional response groups sufﬁcient to describe vegetation change were identiﬁed combining life form and SLA. Therophytes with medium SLA were the dominant functional group in grazed areas, while nanophanerophytes with medium or low SLA were associated with later phases of abandonment. At intermediate stages of succession the dominant group was chamaephytes with medium SLA but functional diversity was highest as all the groups, except hemicryptophytes with medium SLA, were represented. These changes in functional composition can be translated into effects on key ecosystem properties. The increase in LDMC indicates an increase in ﬂammability while trends in both LDMC and SLA suggest decreased decomposition, and thereby carbon and nutrient cycling. These will need to be considered in combination with consequences for other ecosystem properties for future management.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier B.V.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acácio, Vanda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holmgren, Milena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oak persistence in Mediterranean landscapes: the combined role of management, topography, and wildfires</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecology and society</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agroforestry system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alternative ecosystem state</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cistus ladanifer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land degradation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrub encroachment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">succession</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation transition</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol15/iss4/art40/ES-2010-3740.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean ecosystems have been shaped by a history of human and ecological disturbances. Understanding the dynamics of these social-ecological systems requires an understanding of how human and ecological factors interact. In this study, we assess the combined role of management practices and biophysical variables, i.e., wildfire and topography, to explain patterns of tree persistence in a cork oak (Quercus suber L.) landscape of southern Portugal. We used face-to-face interviews with landowners to identify the management practices and the incentives that motivated them. We used aerial photographs and a Geographic Information System (GIS) to classify vegetation patch-type transitions over a period of 45 years (1958-2002) and logistic regression to explain such changes based on management and biophysical factors. The best model explaining vegetation transitions leading to cork oak persistence in the landscape included both biophysical and management variables. Tree persistence was more likely to occur on steeper slopes, in the absence of wildfires, and in the absence of understory management. We identified ecological, ideological, and economical barriers that preclude oak persistence and that are important to consider in implementing efficient environmental policies for adequate conservation and reforestation programs of Mediterranean cork oak landscapes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esteso-Martínez, Jordán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peguero-Pina, José Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valladares, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morales, Fermín</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self-shading in cork oak seedlings: Functional implications in heterogeneous light environments</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canopy structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Light stress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus suber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self-shading</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1146609X10000561</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">423 - 430</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The high self-shading found in Quercus suber seedlings has been interpreted as a feature common for plants growing in high light environments. But many studies reveal that Q. suber has high survival rates under low-light conditions, so a high degree of self-shading could be the consequence of a foliage composed of many small leaves, with no drawbacks for coping with low light. A characterization of the light environment in a Q. suber stand together with a study of photosynthetic parameters of full sunlightexposed (FSLE) and self-shaded (SS) leaves were carried out to tackle this apparent contradiction. Although the number of sunﬂecks longer than 120 min during the 3 months of measurements was low, the occurrence of at least one sunﬂeck longer than 120 min per day in the understory of the forest studied was very common. Sunﬂecks shorter than 30 min promoted an increase in net photosynthesis (A) in FSLE leaves, but not in SS leaves. However, sunﬂecks longer than 60 min led to a very strong decrease in A and in actual photosystem II efﬁciency (FPSII ) in FSLE leaves, when compared to sunﬂecks shorter than 30 min. In SS leaves, changes were, again, negligible. The multi-layered foliage of Q. suber seedlings allowed i) FSLE leaves to obtain the maximum photosynthetic yield for short sunﬂecks, and ii) SS leaves to increase their contribution to the photosynthesis of the whole plant for long sunﬂecks, thus, optimizing the use of light by FSLE and SS leaves during short and long sunﬂecks respectively. Therefore, shoot architecture of Q. suber seedlings involving high levels of self-shading allows to adequately cope with the low but highly heterogeneous light conditions of the understory, particularly when sunﬂecks of contrasting durations take place as it is frequently the case for evergreen Mediterranean forests</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Masson SAS</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freitas, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Above-ground biomass and productivity in the Montado: From herbaceous to shrub dominated communities</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Arid Environments</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life form</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Secondary succession</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">semi-arid</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140196308003698</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">506 - 511</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Our study was focused on the effect of abandonment on above-ground biomass and net primary productivity (ANPP) in a Montado in Southern Portugal. The Montado has a long history of human management and control of invasion by shrubs is achieved by clearing, ploughing and grazing. When these cease, it is invaded by Mediterranean matorral species. We hypothesized that the change in life form dominance would affect both biomass and productivity, but while the total biomass was expected to increase, the effects on ANPP were less clear. We tested our hypothesis by determining above-ground biomass and ANPP along a gradient of decreasing land use intensity, ranging from extensive grazing to 20 years of abandonment. Above-ground biomass increased with abandonment, which was related with the increase in shrub cover. In addition, we found a decrease in herbaceous ANPP that was more than compensated by an increase in shrub ANPP in plots abandoned for longer time, resulting in a signiﬁcant increase in total ANPP. This increase was strongly related with the increase in the cover of Cistus ladanifer, a pioneer species that colonises degraded areas and forms one of the ﬁrst stages of succession of woody communities.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4-5</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Elsevier Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gea-Izquierdo, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, I</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changes in limiting resources determine spatio-temporal variability in tree–grass interactions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abiotic stress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facilitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grass production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">375-387</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changing biotic and abiotic stress mediate in plant–plant interactions resulting in positive to neutral or negative effects, and these effects can change with gradients of stress or through plant dynamics. Here we studied the variability in annual grass production and composition induced by gradients of intercepted light by trees in years of contrasting precipitation in Mediterranean holm oak open woodlands. Although trees reduce the light radiance received by the pasture community, the presence of trees generally had a positive effect on pasture production in average climatic years where soil fertility was low. However, the interaction changed with increasing abiotic water stress. In a dry year, the increase in fertility could not be utilized and the effect of the crown was neutral. The effect of shade turned out to be beneﬁcial for growth, contrary to the situation in an average climatic year. Light insolation was positive for legume biomass. There was high variability in functional components over the course of the growing period and from 1 year to another. Under low levels of other biotic stresses such as livestock grazing or root competition, the limiting factor among light, soil moisture or soil nutrients may determine whether facilitation or competition occurs.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gea-Izquierdo, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montero, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañellas, I.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changes in limiting resources determine spatio-temporal variability in tree–grass interactions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abiotic stress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">competition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facilitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grass production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10457-009-9211-4</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">375 - 387</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changing biotic and abiotic stress mediate in plant–plant interactions resulting in positive to neutral or negative effects, and these effects can change with gradients of stress or through plant dynamics. Here we studied the variability in annual grass production and composition induced by gradients of intercepted light by trees in years of contrasting precipitation in Mediterranean holm oak open woodlands. Although trees reduce the light radiance received by the pasture community, the presence of trees generally had a positive effect on pasture production in average climatic years where soil fertility was low. However, the interaction changed with increasing abiotic water stress. In a dry year, the increase in fertility could not be utilized and the effect of the crown was neutral. The effect of shade turned out to be beneﬁcial for growth, contrary to the situation in an average climatic year. Light insolation was positive for legume biomass. There was high variability in functional components over the course of the growing period and from 1 year to another. Under low levels of other biotic stresses such as livestock grazing or root competition, the limiting factor among light, soil moisture or soil nutrients may determine whether facilitation or competition occurs.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davison, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taipale, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Langford, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Misztal, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fares, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matteucci, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loreto, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cape, J. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rinne, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hewitt, C. N.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Concentrations and fluxes of biogenic volatile organic compounds above a Mediterranean macchia ecosystem in western Italy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOGEOSCIENCES</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BVOCS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emission rates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1655 - 1670</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emission rates and concentrations of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) were measured at a Mediterranean coastal site at Castelporziano, approximately 25 km south-west of Rome, between 7 May and 3 June 2007, as part of the ACCENT-VOCBAS field campaign on biosphere-atmosphere interactions. Concentrations and emission rates were measured using the disjunct eddy covariance (DEC) method utilizing three different proton transfer reaction mass spectrometers (PTR-MS) so allowing a comparison between the instruments. The high resolution data from the PTR-MS instruments considerably enhances the original BEMA measurements of the mid 1990s. Depending on the measurement period, the volume mixing ratios were in the range 1.6-3.5 ppbv for methanol, 0.44-1.3 ppbv for acetaldehyde, 0.96-2.1 ppbv for acetone, 0.10-0.14 ppbv for isoprene, and 0.13-0.30 ppbv for monoterpenes. A diurnal cycle in mixing ratios was apparent with daytime maxima for methanol, acetaldehyde, acetone, and isoprene. The fluxes ranged from 370-440 mu g m(-2) h(-1) for methanol, 180-360 mu g m(-2) h(-1) for acetaldehyde, 180-450 mu g m(-2) h(-1) for acetone, 71-290 mu g m(-2) h(-1) for isoprene, and 240-860 mu g m(-2) h(-1) for monoterpenes. From the measured flux data (7 May-3 June) an average basal emission rate for the Macchia vegetation was calculated of 430 mu g m(-2) h(-1) for isoprene and 1100 mu g m(-2) h(-1) for monoterpenes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APSAPSThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY&lt;br/&gt;publisher: COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davison, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taipale, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Langford, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Misztal, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fares, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matteucci, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loreto, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cape, J N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rinne, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hewitt, C N</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Concentrations and fluxes of biogenic volatile organic compounds above a Mediterranean macchia ecosystem in western Italy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOGEOSCIENCES</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BVOCS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emission rates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1655-1670</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emission rates and concentrations of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) were measured at a Mediterranean coastal site at Castelporziano, approximately 25 km south-west of Rome, between 7 May and 3 June 2007, as part of the ACCENT-VOCBAS field campaign on biosphere-atmosphere interactions. Concentrations and emission rates were measured using the disjunct eddy covariance (DEC) method utilizing three different proton transfer reaction mass spectrometers (PTR-MS) so allowing a comparison between the instruments. The high resolution data from the PTR-MS instruments considerably enhances the original BEMA measurements of the mid 1990s. Depending on the measurement period, the volume mixing ratios were in the range 1.6-3.5 ppbv for methanol, 0.44-1.3 ppbv for acetaldehyde, 0.96-2.1 ppbv for acetone, 0.10-0.14 ppbv for isoprene, and 0.13-0.30 ppbv for monoterpenes. A diurnal cycle in mixing ratios was apparent with daytime maxima for methanol, acetaldehyde, acetone, and isoprene. The fluxes ranged from 370-440 mu g m(-2) h(-1) for methanol, 180-360 mu g m(-2) h(-1) for acetaldehyde, 180-450 mu g m(-2) h(-1) for acetone, 71-290 mu g m(-2) h(-1) for isoprene, and 240-860 mu g m(-2) h(-1) for monoterpenes. From the measured flux data (7 May-3 June) an average basal emission rate for the Macchia vegetation was calculated of 430 mu g m(-2) h(-1) for isoprene and 1100 mu g m(-2) h(-1) for monoterpenes.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keenan, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Friend, A. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zaehle, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gracia, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabate, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Improved understanding of drought controls on seasonal variation in Mediterranean forest canopy CO2 and water fluxes through combined in situ measurements and ecosystem modelling</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOGEOSCIENCES</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem functioning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1423 - 1444</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water stress is a defining characteristic of Mediterranean ecosystems, and is likely to become more severe in the coming decades. Simulation models are key tools for making predictions, but our current understanding of how soil moisture controls ecosystem functioning is not sufficient to adequately constrain parameterisations. Canopy-scale flux data from four forest ecosystems with Mediterranean-type climates were used in order to analyse the physiological controls on carbon and water flues through the year. Significant non-stomatal limitations on photosynthesis were detected, along with lesser changes in the conductance-assimilation relationship. New model parameterisations were derived and implemented in two contrasting modelling approaches. The effectiveness of two models, one a dynamic global vegetation model ({''}ORCHIDEE{''}), and the other a forest growth model particularly developed for Mediterranean simulations ({''}GOTILWA+{''}), was assessed and modelled canopy responses to seasonal changes in soil moisture were analysed in comparison with in situ flux measurements. In contrast to commonly held assumptions, we find that changing the ratio of conductance to assimilation under natural, seasonally-developing, soil moisture stress is not sufficient to reproduce forest canopy CO2 and water fluxes. However, accurate predictions of both CO2 and water fluxes under all soil moisture levels encountered in the field are obtained if photosynthetic capacity is assumed to vary with soil moisture. This new parameterisation has important consequences for simulated responses of carbon and water fluxes to seasonal soil moisture stress, and should greatly improve our ability to anticipate future impacts of climate changes on the functioning of ecosystems in Mediterranean-type climates.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APSAPSThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY&lt;br/&gt;publisher: COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keenan, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Friend, A D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zaehle, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gracia, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabate, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Improved understanding of drought controls on seasonal variation in Mediterranean forest canopy CO2 and water fluxes through combined in situ measurements and ecosystem modelling</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOGEOSCIENCES</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem functioning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest ecosystems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1423-1444</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water stress is a defining characteristic of Mediterranean ecosystems, and is likely to become more severe in the coming decades. Simulation models are key tools for making predictions, but our current understanding of how soil moisture controls ecosystem functioning is not sufficient to adequately constrain parameterisations. Canopy-scale flux data from four forest ecosystems with Mediterranean-type climates were used in order to analyse the physiological controls on carbon and water flues through the year. Significant non-stomatal limitations on photosynthesis were detected, along with lesser changes in the conductance-assimilation relationship. New model parameterisations were derived and implemented in two contrasting modelling approaches. The effectiveness of two models, one a dynamic global vegetation model ({''}ORCHIDEE{''}), and the other a forest growth model particularly developed for Mediterranean simulations ({''}GOTILWA+{''}), was assessed and modelled canopy responses to seasonal changes in soil moisture were analysed in comparison with in situ flux measurements. In contrast to commonly held assumptions, we find that changing the ratio of conductance to assimilation under natural, seasonally-developing, soil moisture stress is not sufficient to reproduce forest canopy CO2 and water fluxes. However, accurate predictions of both CO2 and water fluxes under all soil moisture levels encountered in the field are obtained if photosynthetic capacity is assumed to vary with soil moisture. This new parameterisation has important consequences for simulated responses of carbon and water fluxes to seasonal soil moisture stress, and should greatly improve our ability to anticipate future impacts of climate changes on the functioning of ecosystems in Mediterranean-type climates.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrión, J S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finlayson, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finlayson, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allué, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López-Sáez, J A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López-García, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil-Romera, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bailey, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González-Sampériz, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrion, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allué, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopezsaez, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopezgarcia, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gilromera, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonzalezsamperiz, P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A coastal reservoir of biodiversity for Upper Pleistocene human populations: palaeoecological investigations in Gorham's Cave (Gibraltar) in the context of the Iberian Peninsula</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quaternary Science Reviews</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climatic fluctuations (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gibraltar</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">glacial refugia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2118-2135</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palaeobotanical (pollen, charcoal) data from Gorham’s Cave reveals a diversified landscape in the Gibraltar region during the Middle (c. 32 560–23 780 year BP) and Upper Palaeolithic (c. 18 440–10 880 BP). Inferred vegetation types include oak, pine, juniper, and mixed woodlands and savannahs, grasslands with heaths, heliophytic matorrals, phreatophytic formations (e.g. riverine forests, wetlands), and thermomediterranean coastal scrub. A revision of palaeoecological data suggests that patches of trees persisted even in northern and continental territories of the Iberian Peninsula during the cold stages of OIS3 and OIS2. However, a southern Mediterranean coastal shelf extending from Gibraltar to Málaga, and probably further north up to Murcia, was unique in its combination of thermo-, meso-, and supramediterranean plant and animal species. Given the composition of these assemblages, this shelf and its adjacent mountains represented a crucial reservoir of biodiversity during the Upper Pleistocene. It is within this physiographically complex context with its diversity of resources where the last Neanderthals extraordinarily survived until c. 24 000 BP, that is over 10 000 years later than the disappearance of Neanderthals from elsewhere in temperate Europe.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreira, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catry, Filipe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duarte, Inês</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acácio, Vanda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva, Joaquim Sande</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A conceptual model of sprouting responses in relation to fire damage: an example with cork oak (Quercus suber L.) trees in Southern Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">apical dominance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resource allocation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resprouting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">severity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11258-008-9476-0</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77 - 85</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The sprouting response types of 1,151 cork oak (Quercus suber) trees one and half years after a wildﬁre in southern Portugal were characterised. It was hypothesised that different response types should occur according to the following conceptual model: an increased level of damage (ﬁre severity) on a sprouting tree that suffered a crown ﬁre was expected to be reﬂected in a sequence of four alternative events, namely (a) resprouting exclusively from crown, (b) simultaneous resprouting from crown and base, (c) resprouting exclusively from base and (d) plant death. To assess whether the level of expected damage was inﬂuenced by the level of protection from disturbance, we explored the relationships between response types and tree size, bark thickness and cork stripping, using an informationtheoretic approach. The more common response type was crown resprouting (68.8% of the trees), followed by plant death (15.8%), simultaneous resprouting from crown and base (10.1%) and basal resprouting (5.3%). In agreement with the conceptual model, trees which probably suffered a higher level of damage by ﬁre (larger trees with thinner bark; exploited for cork) died or resprouted exclusively from base. On the other hand, trees that were well protected (smaller trees with thicker bark not exploited for cork) were able to rebuild their canopy through crown resprouting. Simultaneous resprouting from the crown and base was determined mainly by tree size, and it was more common in smaller trees.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gálvez Bravo, Lucía</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belliure, Josabel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rebollo, Salvador</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European rabbits as ecosystem engineers: warrens increase lizard density and diversity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burrows</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oryctolagus cuniculus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stepping stones</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">869-885</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mammals that build extensive open burrow systems are often classiﬁed as ecosystem engineers, since they have the potential to modulate the availability of resources for themselves and other organisms. Lizards may beneﬁt from the heterogeneity created by these structures, especially if coupled with an increased offer of sites for refuge and thermoregulation. However, information about these engineering effects by burrowing animals is scarce. We investigated the inﬂuence of European rabbit burrows on several parameters of a Mediterranean lizard community (abundance, density, diversity and body condition) in three different habitats (open pastures, holm oak and scrub patches). We found that lizards were positively associated with burrows, and that burrows determined lizard presence at otherwise unfavourable habitats. Moreover, community parameters such as density and species richness were higher in sites with burrows. Burrows inﬂuenced lizard species in different ways, and were also relevant for other Mediterranean vertebrates, as revealed by questionnaires to experts. We also explored the possible resources provided by burrows for lizards. Warrens offer relatively abundant prey and appropriate retreat sites for refuge and thermoregulation. Warrens may have further implications within the ecosystem, acting as stepping stones, allowing lizards to reach otherwise inaccessible habitat patches. This study shows that European rabbit warrens have a positive inﬂuence on lizard density and diversity, and conﬁrms the role of rabbits as ecosystem engineers. This reinforces the need for appropriate conservation measures for rabbits, especially given their threatened status in the Iberian Peninsula. Furthermore, our study highlights that taking into account the inﬂuence of engineering activities increases our awareness of species interactions, and may translate into more adequate conservation measures for the preservation of biodiversity.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gálvez Bravo, Lucía</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belliure, Josabel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rebollo, Salvador</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European rabbits as ecosystem engineers: warrens increase lizard density and diversity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burrows</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oryctolagus cuniculus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stepping stones</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10531-008-9438-9http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10531-008-9438-9</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">869 - 885</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mammals that build extensive open burrow systems are often classiﬁed as ecosystem engineers, since they have the potential to modulate the availability of resources for themselves and other organisms. Lizards may beneﬁt from the heterogeneity created by these structures, especially if coupled with an increased offer of sites for refuge and thermoregulation. However, information about these engineering effects by burrowing animals is scarce. We investigated the inﬂuence of European rabbit burrows on several parameters of a Mediterranean lizard community (abundance, density, diversity and body condition) in three different habitats (open pastures, holm oak and scrub patches). We found that lizards were positively associated with burrows, and that burrows determined lizard presence at otherwise unfavourable habitats. Moreover, community parameters such as density and species richness were higher in sites with burrows. Burrows inﬂuenced lizard species in different ways, and were also relevant for other Mediterranean vertebrates, as revealed by questionnaires to experts. We also explored the possible resources provided by burrows for lizards. Warrens offer relatively abundant prey and appropriate retreat sites for refuge and thermoregulation. Warrens may have further implications within the ecosystem, acting as stepping stones, allowing lizards to reach otherwise inaccessible habitat patches. This study shows that European rabbit warrens have a positive inﬂuence on lizard density and diversity, and conﬁrms the role of rabbits as ecosystem engineers. This reinforces the need for appropriate conservation measures for rabbits, especially given their threatened status in the Iberian Peninsula. Furthermore, our study highlights that taking into account the inﬂuence of engineering activities increases our awareness of species interactions, and may translate into more adequate conservation measures for the preservation of biodiversity.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González-Tejero, M R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casares-Porcel, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sánchez-Rojas, C P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramiro-Gutiérrez, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molero-Mesa, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pieroni, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giusti, M E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Censorii, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Pasquale, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Della, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paraskeva-Hadijchambi, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hadjichambis, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Houmani, Z</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El-Demerdash, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El-Zayat, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hmamouchi, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eljohrig, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicinal plants in the Mediterranean area: synthesis of the results of the project Rubia.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of ethnopharmacology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethnobotany</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicinal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicinal plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">116</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">341-357</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Within the scope of the European project RUBIA (ICA3-2002-10023), research has been performed on the traditional use and handling of plant species in several Mediterranean countries, Albania, Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, Italy, Morocco, and Spain. This paper synthesises the chief results related to the medicinal utilization of those plants.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18242025</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palacio, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milla, Rubén</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albuixech, Jorge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez-Rontomé, Carmen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Camarero, Jesús Julio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maestro, Melchor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montserrat-Martí, Gabriel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasonal variability of dry matter content and its relationship with shoot growth and nonstructural carbohydrates</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Phytologist</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbohydrate Metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">functional classifications</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf dry matter content (LDMC)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf traits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf water status</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Shoots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Shoots: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Shoots: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Stems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Stems: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Stems: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shoot growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18643937http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02569.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">180</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">133 - 142</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">* • This study assesses how different phases of shoot growth underlie seasonal change in leaf and stem dry matter content (LDMC and SDMC, respectively) of 12 woody Mediterranean species. The relationship between LDMC and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations is also explored and the seasonal vs interspecies variability of LDMC compared. * • LDMC, SDMC and shoot elongation rate (SER) were measured on a monthly basis for a minimum of 12 months. Bud growth rate (BGR) and NSC concentrations were also assessed in several of the study species. * • LDMC and SDMC decreased during shoot elongation in spring and increased in summer, showing a significant negative correlation with SER, but were unrelated to BGR. Half of the species analysed showed a positive relationship between LDMC and NSC. Seasonal fluctuations of LDMC within species were higher than interspecies differences, and species ranking was significantly affected by the month of sampling, except during winter months. * • Seasonal changes in LDMC and SDMC are mainly related to shoot elongation phenology, and NSC sink–source relationships between old and growing organs can explain this relationship in some species. Owing to the high seasonal variability in LDMC, it is recommended that samples for comparative purposes should be collected as close to the winter as possible.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 18643937</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palacio, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milla, Rubén</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albuixech, Jorge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez-Rontomé, Carmen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Camarero, Jesús Julio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maestro, Melchor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montserrat-Martí, Gabriel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasonal variability of dry matter content and its relationship with shoot growth and nonstructural carbohydrates</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Phytologist</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbohydrate Metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">functional classifications</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf dry matter content (LDMC)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf traits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf water status</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Shoots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Shoots: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Shoots: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Stems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Stems: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Stems: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants: metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shoot growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">180</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">133-142</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">* • This study assesses how different phases of shoot growth underlie seasonal change in leaf and stem dry matter content (LDMC and SDMC, respectively) of 12 woody Mediterranean species. The relationship between LDMC and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations is also explored and the seasonal vs interspecies variability of LDMC compared. * • LDMC, SDMC and shoot elongation rate (SER) were measured on a monthly basis for a minimum of 12 months. Bud growth rate (BGR) and NSC concentrations were also assessed in several of the study species. * • LDMC and SDMC decreased during shoot elongation in spring and increased in summer, showing a significant negative correlation with SER, but were unrelated to BGR. Half of the species analysed showed a positive relationship between LDMC and NSC. Seasonal fluctuations of LDMC within species were higher than interspecies differences, and species ranking was significantly affected by the month of sampling, except during winter months. * • Seasonal changes in LDMC and SDMC are mainly related to shoot elongation phenology, and NSC sink–source relationships between old and growing organs can explain this relationship in some species. Owing to the high seasonal variability in LDMC, it is recommended that samples for comparative purposes should be collected as close to the winter as possible.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18643937</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceballos-Barbancho, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morán-Tejeda, Enrique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luengo-Ugidos, Miguel Ángel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llorente-Pinto, José Manuel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water resources and environmental change in a Mediterranean environment: The south-west sector of the Duero river basin (Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Hydrology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duero river</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Headwaters</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Precipitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water discharge</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">351</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">126-138</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the present work we analyse the temporal trend of water supplies to a network of basins, representative of the Mediterranean climate and plant cover, and its relationship with the evolution of temperatures, precipitation, and the changes that have occurred in the plant cover with time. The results point to an important decrease in water supply, with a high degree of dependence on precipitation (r = 0.85; p-value &lt; 0.001). Important changes are also seen in the monthly distribution of water discharges due to modiﬁcations that have occurred in the intra-annual distribution of precipitation and an increase in temperatures in spring and summer. The rivers studied are losing their snow regime, with very important reductions in the winter and spring discharges. The results show that to date the changes detected in the forest have not affected the water discharges of the rivers. This absence of effect is probably because the changes observed in the plant cover are currently below the threshold after which it is possible to detect the effect of the forest on water discharges and because the interannual variability in rainfall and discharge in Mediterranean environments is so high that it masks other time-dependent changes. The planning and management of water resources should take these changes into consideration with respect to the functioning of hydroclimatic systems</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davis, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stevenson, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The 8.2ka event and Early–Mid Holocene forests, fires and flooding in the Central Ebro Desert, NE Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quaternary Science Reviews</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ebro basin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire frequency (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">winter/summer temperatures</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1695-1712</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The impact of the 8.2 ka cooling event during the Early–Mid Holocene has not been widely observed in Southern Europe, which in contrast to Northern Europe, was already experiencing a cooler than present climate at this time. Multi-proxy analysis of sediment cores from two closed-basin saline lakes in the Central Ebro Desert (NE Spain) has allowed us to investigate the impact of climatic changes around the time of this event in more detail. Long-term changes in climate between the Early and Mid Holocene indicate a shift in winter to a more positive NAO, resulting in declining lake levels in one lake sensitive to winter groundwater recharge, and cooler winter temperatures reconstructed from pollen–climate analysis. Reconstructed summer temperatures also declined over this period while annual precipitation and forest cover increased, interpreted as a result of enhanced convection-driven summer precipitation association with a northward displacement of the sub-tropical high pressure. Around 8.2 ka, a marked increase in ﬁre frequency is shown between ca 8.8 and 8.0 ka BP, along with an expansion of ﬁre-tolerant evergreen oak and peak in water levels in a second storm run-off fed lake. A maximum in ﬁre intensity occurred with the deposition of a charcoal layer at both lake sites dated to 81507130 and 82857135 cal BP, respectively. The increase in ﬁre is largely attributed to a temporary return southward of the summer sub-tropical high pressure over the Mediterranean, which not only increased summer aridity, but also caused a contradictory regional warming before Hemispheric cooling set in</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davis, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stevenson, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The 8.2ka event and Early–Mid Holocene forests, fires and flooding in the Central Ebro Desert, NE Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quaternary Science Reviews</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ebro basin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire frequency (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">winter/summer temperatures</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379107001047</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1695 - 1712</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The impact of the 8.2 ka cooling event during the Early–Mid Holocene has not been widely observed in Southern Europe, which in contrast to Northern Europe, was already experiencing a cooler than present climate at this time. Multi-proxy analysis of sediment cores from two closed-basin saline lakes in the Central Ebro Desert (NE Spain) has allowed us to investigate the impact of climatic changes around the time of this event in more detail. Long-term changes in climate between the Early and Mid Holocene indicate a shift in winter to a more positive NAO, resulting in declining lake levels in one lake sensitive to winter groundwater recharge, and cooler winter temperatures reconstructed from pollen–climate analysis. Reconstructed summer temperatures also declined over this period while annual precipitation and forest cover increased, interpreted as a result of enhanced convection-driven summer precipitation association with a northward displacement of the sub-tropical high pressure. Around 8.2 ka, a marked increase in ﬁre frequency is shown between ca 8.8 and 8.0 ka BP, along with an expansion of ﬁre-tolerant evergreen oak and peak in water levels in a second storm run-off fed lake. A maximum in ﬁre intensity occurred with the deposition of a charcoal layer at both lake sites dated to 81507130 and 82857135 cal BP, respectively. The increase in ﬁre is largely attributed to a temporary return southward of the summer sub-tropical high pressure over the Mediterranean, which not only increased summer aridity, but also caused a contradictory regional warming before Hemispheric cooling set in</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13-14</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">do Rosario, Ines T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mathias, Maria Da Luz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-fire recolonisation of a montado area by the endangered Cabrera vole (Microtus cabrerae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAP procedure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distance to unburned areas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MDS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildfire</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CSIRO PUBLISHING</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">450-457</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Cabrera vole is an endangered species frequently found in the montado, a savannah-like ecosystem well adapted to fire. Although it is assumed that regular burning is not very prejudicial to this vole, the impact of fire is unknown. This research studied, for the first time, recolonisation by the Cabrera vole after wildfire. Colonies were monitored over one year after a wildfire and the most relevant ecological features in their reestablishment were identified. During the first eight months, all the 18 surveyed colonies remained unoccupied. However, after one year, 11 were recolonised. Vegetation structure and composition in the colonies ( vegetation height, plant families diversity, percentage of bare ground and cover of shrubs before the fire), which are important features in offering protection and nutrition, were closely related to reoccupation of the colonies. Surprisingly, fire intensity did not influence recolonisation. Distance from unburned areas proved to be a factor that delayed recolonisation. The importance of the montado for this species was reinforced by the evidence that recolonisation occurred preferentially in colonies surrounded by this habitat type.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">do Rosario, Ines T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mathias, Maria Da Luz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-fire recolonisation of a montado area by the endangered Cabrera vole (Microtus cabrerae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAP procedure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distance to unburned areas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MDS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildfire</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">450 - 457</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Cabrera vole is an endangered species frequently found in the montado, a savannah-like ecosystem well adapted to fire. Although it is assumed that regular burning is not very prejudicial to this vole, the impact of fire is unknown. This research studied, for the first time, recolonisation by the Cabrera vole after wildfire. Colonies were monitored over one year after a wildfire and the most relevant ecological features in their reestablishment were identified. During the first eight months, all the 18 surveyed colonies remained unoccupied. However, after one year, 11 were recolonised. Vegetation structure and composition in the colonies ( vegetation height, plant families diversity, percentage of bare ground and cover of shrubs before the fire), which are important features in offering protection and nutrition, were closely related to reoccupation of the colonies. Surprisingly, fire intensity did not influence recolonisation. Distance from unburned areas proved to be a factor that delayed recolonisation. The importance of the montado for this species was reinforced by the evidence that recolonisation occurred preferentially in colonies surrounded by this habitat type.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>7</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González, O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andreu, V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubio, J L</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kepner, W G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubio, Jose L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouat, David A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedrazzini, F</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPACT OF FOREST FIRES ON HYDROLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF A TYPICAL MEDITERRANEAN FOREST SOIL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification in the Mediterranean Region a Security Issue</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">desertification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">experimental fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydrology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pF curve</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water retention capacity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Netherlands</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">489-507</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire is one of the most important determining factors in the evolution of Mediterranean ecosystems. Its effects on soil are plural and diverse, acting on structure, chemical and physical properties, biota etc. Among them, the induced variations on soil water dynamics are of key importance for the recovery of the entire ecosystem and in the soil response to erosion processes. Forest fires are also a factor, triggering the risk of desertification. The aim of this study is to assess the impact effect of different fire intensities on soil hydrology and on runoff generation. This work was developed in the Permanent Experimental Field Station of La Concordia with nine plots (4 x 20 m), installed in a calcareous hillside, representative of Mediterranean shrubland areas. Experimental fires, of two intensity levels were carried out. Three plots were burned reaching high fire intensity and three other plots were burned with moderate intensity and the remaining plots were left undisturbed as control. Soil water content, water retention capacity and pF curves were measured together with runoff generation dynamics, in the different plots. The intrinsic characteristics of each rain event occurred up until a year after the fires and runoff generated on them was monitored. The data obtained was compared with the state of the plots after seven years, during the 2000-2002 period. In this period 24 rain events with runoff generation occurred, with average rainfall intensities (I30) around 10mm h-1. Both fire treatments show significant differences with respect to the Control plots, which are reflected in a value of runoff production of 76.84% as an average, less than the burned plots. Between fire treatments, the plots that burned with high intensity, show the highest values of runoff yield. However, infiltration rates do not give significant differences between fire treatments. In the same way, plots that suffer a high intensity fire show greater values (22.50 cm3 cm-3) on water retention capacity than the other treatments, giving significant differences with the Moderate intensity plots and Control plots. Differences on this parameter between plots burned with Moderate intensity and the Control plots were observed but they were not statistically significant. The obtained pF curves show the same tendencies, being the greatest water content retained at pF of 2 in the burned plots and in the Control plots at pF of 4.2. The effect of fire degrading the vegetation cover and by means of the temperature impact on soil, produce changes in its structural characteristics and porosity, affecting soil water distribution and the effective response on water erosion processes.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García del Barrio, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ortega, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vázquez De la Cueva, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elena-Rosselló, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The influence of linear elements on plant species diversity of Mediterranean rural landscapes: assessment of different indices and statistical approaches.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental monitoring and assessment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation of Natural Resources</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation of Natural Resources: statistics &amp; nu</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">core habitat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecotones</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring: methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">linear elements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poaceae: growth &amp; development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shannon index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees: growth &amp; development</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">137-159</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1066100590192</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper mainly aims to study the linear element influence on the estimation of vascular plant species diversity in five Mediterranean landscapes modeled as land cover patch mosaics. These landscapes have several core habitats and a different set of linear elements--habitat edges or ecotones, roads or railways, rivers, streams and hedgerows on farm land--whose plant composition were examined. Secondly, it aims to check plant diversity estimation in Mediterranean landscapes using parametric and non-parametric procedures, with two indices: Species richness and Shannon index. Land cover types and landscape linear elements were identified from aerial photographs. Their spatial information was processed using GIS techniques. Field plots were selected using a stratified sampling design according to relieve and tree density of each habitat type. A 50x20 m2 multi-scale sampling plot was designed for the core habitats and across the main landscape linear elements. Richness and diversity of plant species were estimated by comparing the observed field data to ICE (Incidence-based Coverage Estimator) and ACE (Abundance-based Coverage Estimator) non-parametric estimators. The species density, percentage of unique species, and alpha diversity per plot were significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) in linear elements than in core habitats. ICE estimate of number of species was 32% higher than of ACE estimate, which did not differ significantly from the observed values. Accumulated species richness in core habitats together with linear elements, were significantly higher than those recorded only in the core habitats in all the landscapes. Conversely, Shannon diversity index did not show significant differences.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16763745</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>7</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alloza, J A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallejo, R</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kepner, W G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubio, Jose L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouat, David A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedrazzini, Fausto</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration of burned areas in forest management plans</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification in the Mediterranean Region. A …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">degradation (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">desertification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">475-488</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildland fire is a major disturbance promoting landscape changes and triggering desertification processes in the Northern Mediterranean basin. Addressing that issue in the long term requires both fire prevention and pot-fire restoration measures. Post-fire restoration should mitigate ecosystem degradation, and improve ecosystem regeneration rate and quality. The impact of wildfires is especially acute in the transition between semi-arid and dry subhumid climates, where dry vegetation fuels facilitate fire spread and water shortage limits post-fire regeneration. In addition, the occurrence of torrential rains produces a high risk of post-fire flash-floods, especially in autumn after summer fires. The major objectives of post-fire restoration are soil and water conservation and increasing ecosystem resistance and resilience in front of fire. Post-fire restoration strategies are defined according to the degradation stage of the ecosystems and the recovery capacity of vegetation. Plant cover regeneration rate highly influence post-fire soil erosion and flooding risk. The abundance of woody resprouters is recognized in eastern Spain as a critical factor to ensure an efficient recovery of plant cover after fire. Post-fire restoration planning is addressed taking into account vegetation fragility to wildfires, together with soil erosion risk and soil moisture availability (physical features). Vegetation fragility is defined both in relation to spontaneous regeneration capacity of plant cover and in relation to the ability of keystone woody species topersist after fire. A synthetic indicator to asses wildland protection and restoration priorities in relation to wildland fires is developed by combining vegetation fragility and physical layers in a GIS. William G. Kepner, Jose L. Rubio, David A. Mouat &amp; Fausto Pedrazzini, eds. Desertification in the Mediterranean Region a Security Issue, : 475 © 2006 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands. 475–488.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alloza, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallejo, R.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kepner, W. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubio, Jose L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouat, David A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedrazzini, Fausto</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration of burned areas in forest management plans</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification in the Mediterranean Region. A …</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">degradation (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">desertification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regeneration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restoration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/1-4020-3760-0_22</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">475 - 488</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wildland fire is a major disturbance promoting landscape changes and triggering desertification processes in the Northern Mediterranean basin. Addressing that issue in the long term requires both fire prevention and pot-fire restoration measures. Post-fire restoration should mitigate ecosystem degradation, and improve ecosystem regeneration rate and quality. The impact of wildfires is especially acute in the transition between semi-arid and dry subhumid climates, where dry vegetation fuels facilitate fire spread and water shortage limits post-fire regeneration. In addition, the occurrence of torrential rains produces a high risk of post-fire flash-floods, especially in autumn after summer fires. The major objectives of post-fire restoration are soil and water conservation and increasing ecosystem resistance and resilience in front of fire. Post-fire restoration strategies are defined according to the degradation stage of the ecosystems and the recovery capacity of vegetation. Plant cover regeneration rate highly influence post-fire soil erosion and flooding risk. The abundance of woody resprouters is recognized in eastern Spain as a critical factor to ensure an efficient recovery of plant cover after fire. Post-fire restoration planning is addressed taking into account vegetation fragility to wildfires, together with soil erosion risk and soil moisture availability (physical features). Vegetation fragility is defined both in relation to spontaneous regeneration capacity of plant cover and in relation to the ability of keystone woody species topersist after fire. A synthetic indicator to asses wildland protection and restoration priorities in relation to wildland fires is developed by combining vegetation fragility and physical layers in a GIS. William G. Kepner, Jose L. Rubio, David A. Mouat &amp; Fausto Pedrazzini, eds. Desertification in the Mediterranean Region a Security Issue, : 475 © 2006 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands. 475–488.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: Desertification in the Mediterranean Region. A …</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Copolovici, L O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Filella, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niinemets, Ü</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The capacity for thermal protection of photosynthetic electron transport varies for different monoterpenes in Quercus ilex</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLANT PHYSIOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">foliar photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heat stress resistance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">139</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">485-496</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heat stress resistance of foliar photosynthetic apparatus was investigated in the Mediterranean monoterpene-emitting evergreen sclerophyll species Quercus ilex. Leaf feeding with fosmidomycin, which is a specific inhibitor of the chloroplastic isoprenoid synthesis pathway, essentially stopped monoterpene emission and resulted in the decrease of the optimum temperature of photosynthetic electron transport from approximately 38 degrees C to approximately 30 degrees C. The heat stress resistance was partly restored by fumigation with 4 to 5 nmol mol(-1) air concentrations of monoterpene alpha-pinene but not with fumigations with monoterpene alcohol alpha-terpineol. Analyses of monoterpene physicochemical characteristics demonstrated that alpha-pinene was primarily distributed to leaf gas and lipid phases, while alpha-terpineol was primarily distributed to leaf aqueous phase. Thus, for a common monoterpene uptake rate, alpha-terpineol is less efficient in stabilizing membrane liquid-crystalline structure and as an antioxidant in plant membranes. Furthermore, alpha-terpineol uptake rate ( U) strongly decreased with increasing temperature, while the uptake rates of alpha-pinene increased with increasing temperature, providing a further explanation of the lower efficiency of thermal protection by alpha-terpineol. The temperature-dependent decrease of alpha-terpineol uptake was both due to decreases in stomatal conductance, g(w), and increased volatility of alpha-terpineol at higher temperature that decreased the monoterpene diffusion gradient between the ambient air (F-A) and leaf (F-I; U=g(w)\{[\}F-A - F-I]). Model analyses suggested that alpha-pinene reacted within the leaf at higher temperatures, possibly within the lipid phase, thereby avoiding the decrease in diffusion gradient, F-A-F-I. Thus, these data contribute to the hypothesis of the antioxidative protection of leaf membranes during heat stress by monoterpenes. These data further suggest that fumigation with the relatively low atmospheric concentrations of monoterpenes that are occasionally observed during warm windless days in the Mediterranean canopies may significantly improve the heat tolerance of nonemitting vegetation that grows intermixed with emitting species.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Copolovici, L. O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Filella, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llusia, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niinemets, U.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The capacity for thermal protection of photosynthetic electron transport varies for different monoterpenes in Quercus ilex</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLANT PHYSIOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">foliar photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heat stress resistance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">139</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">485 - 496</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heat stress resistance of foliar photosynthetic apparatus was investigated in the Mediterranean monoterpene-emitting evergreen sclerophyll species Quercus ilex. Leaf feeding with fosmidomycin, which is a specific inhibitor of the chloroplastic isoprenoid synthesis pathway, essentially stopped monoterpene emission and resulted in the decrease of the optimum temperature of photosynthetic electron transport from approximately 38 degrees C to approximately 30 degrees C. The heat stress resistance was partly restored by fumigation with 4 to 5 nmol mol(-1) air concentrations of monoterpene alpha-pinene but not with fumigations with monoterpene alcohol alpha-terpineol. Analyses of monoterpene physicochemical characteristics demonstrated that alpha-pinene was primarily distributed to leaf gas and lipid phases, while alpha-terpineol was primarily distributed to leaf aqueous phase. Thus, for a common monoterpene uptake rate, alpha-terpineol is less efficient in stabilizing membrane liquid-crystalline structure and as an antioxidant in plant membranes. Furthermore, alpha-terpineol uptake rate ( U) strongly decreased with increasing temperature, while the uptake rates of alpha-pinene increased with increasing temperature, providing a further explanation of the lower efficiency of thermal protection by alpha-terpineol. The temperature-dependent decrease of alpha-terpineol uptake was both due to decreases in stomatal conductance, g(w), and increased volatility of alpha-terpineol at higher temperature that decreased the monoterpene diffusion gradient between the ambient air (F-A) and leaf (F-I; U=g(w)\{[\}F-A - F-I]). Model analyses suggested that alpha-pinene reacted within the leaf at higher temperatures, possibly within the lipid phase, thereby avoiding the decrease in diffusion gradient, F-A-F-I. Thus, these data contribute to the hypothesis of the antioxidative protection of leaf membranes during heat stress by monoterpenes. These data further suggest that fumigation with the relatively low atmospheric concentrations of monoterpenes that are occasionally observed during warm windless days in the Mediterranean canopies may significantly improve the heat tolerance of nonemitting vegetation that grows intermixed with emitting species.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APSAPSThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juntti, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wilson, Geoff a.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conceptualizing desertification in Southern Europe: stakeholder interpretations and multiple policy agendas</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interpretations of desertiﬁcation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">policy agendas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">policy implementation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stakeholder interests</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">228-249</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper explores the link between agricultural, environmental and structural policies and desertiﬁcation in Southern Europe. The focus is on the way policy goals evolve in the implementation process and become translated into actions at the operative level. The results derive from policy stakeholder interviews from four research areas situated in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain. The signiﬁcance of policies as drivers of desertiﬁcation varies between the case study areas, and harmful land management practices often result from power imbalances between interest groups involved in land-use planning and policy implementation rather than from ﬂaws in the policies themselves. The vagueness of the deﬁnition of what ‘desertiﬁcation’ constitutes allows for different interpretations of its nature, signiﬁcance and the consequent weight it is given in land management decision-making, thus lending itself to be both misinterpreted and misappropriated by different stakeholder interests. The paper discusses the interplay between ﬁve different discourses of desertiﬁcation and four distinct agendas of policy implementation and land use. The agendas either enhance or mitigate desertiﬁcation and represent the interests of actors who have acquired a powerful position in the network of stakeholders, often relying on, and simultaneously maintaining, discourses and structures that lend them ﬁrst right to decision-making over the natural resources of the locality</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bremond, Laurent</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexandre, Anne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Véla, Errol</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guiot, Joël</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Advantages and disadvantages of phytolith analysis for the reconstruction of Mediterranean vegetation: an assessment based on modern phytolith, pollen and botanical data (Luberon, France)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">paleovegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phytolith</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">129</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">213-228</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present here the results of a first study comparing modern soil phytolith assemblages with pollen and botanical data at a North Mediterranean site. This work has shown the following limitations and advantages of phytolith analysis for the reconstruction of Mediterranean vegetation: (1) Phytoliths are produced in sufficient quantities for analysis and are well preserved in limestone environments, widespread in the Mediterranean area. (2) Young stands of Quercus ilex and Quercus coccifera, widely distributed in the Mediterranean area do not produce characteristic phytolith types in sufficient quantities to allow the calculation of a reliable index of tree cover density. (3) Pine forests, dominated by Pinus halepensis and Pinus sylvestris, are not recorded in the studied phytolith assemblages. (4) Grassland and shrubland assemblages can be distinguished through their associated phytolith assemblages, in particular by the proportion of crenate phytoliths produced in the short cells of the grass epidermis. (5) The different vegetation groups on the massif cannot be distinguished by pollen analysis. Further studies, comparing modern phytolith assemblages and quantitative vegetation data, should be carried out on forest plots that have been established for several centuries to further assess the role of phytolith analysis in vegetation reconstructions in the Mediterranean region.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bremond, Laurent</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexandre, Anne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Véla, Errol</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guiot, Joël</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Advantages and disadvantages of phytolith analysis for the reconstruction of Mediterranean vegetation: an assessment based on modern phytolith, pollen and botanical data (Luberon, France)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">paleovegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phytolith</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034666704000284</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">129</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">213 - 228</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present here the results of a first study comparing modern soil phytolith assemblages with pollen and botanical data at a North Mediterranean site. This work has shown the following limitations and advantages of phytolith analysis for the reconstruction of Mediterranean vegetation: (1) Phytoliths are produced in sufficient quantities for analysis and are well preserved in limestone environments, widespread in the Mediterranean area. (2) Young stands of Quercus ilex and Quercus coccifera, widely distributed in the Mediterranean area do not produce characteristic phytolith types in sufficient quantities to allow the calculation of a reliable index of tree cover density. (3) Pine forests, dominated by Pinus halepensis and Pinus sylvestris, are not recorded in the studied phytolith assemblages. (4) Grassland and shrubland assemblages can be distinguished through their associated phytolith assemblages, in particular by the proportion of crenate phytoliths produced in the short cells of the grass epidermis. (5) The different vegetation groups on the massif cannot be distinguished by pollen analysis. Further studies, comparing modern phytolith assemblages and quantitative vegetation data, should be carried out on forest plots that have been established for several centuries to further assess the role of phytolith analysis in vegetation reconstructions in the Mediterranean region.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roche, Philip</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz-Burlinson, Natalia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gachet, Sophie</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Congruency analysis of species ranking based on leaf traits: which traits are the more reliable?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology formerly `Vegetatio'</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dry matter content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">France</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sla</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">174</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37-48</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nine leaf traits area, fresh weight, dry weight, volume, density, thickness, speciﬁc leaf area SLA, dry matter content LDMC, leaf nitrogen content LNC from ten plant species at eight sites in southern mediterranean France were investigated in order to assess their variability along a climatic gradient and their ranking congruency power. After examination of trait correlation patterns, we reduced the nine initial leaf traits to four traits, representative of three correlation groups: allometric traits dry weight, functional traits SLA and dry matter percentage and Leaf Thickness. We analysed the variability of these four leaf traits at species and site level. We observed that between species variation between 64.5 for SLA and 91% for LDMC is higher than within species variation. Allowing a good congruency of species ranking assessed by spearman rank correlation and a good reallocation of individuals to species by discriminant analysis. A site level variability between 0.7% for Dry weight and 6.9% for SLA was identiﬁed and environmental parameters altitude, temperature, precipitation, nitrogen, pH were considered as probable control factors. We found signiﬁcant correlation between SLA, LDMC and the average minimum temperature respectively r0.87 and r-0,9 and no correlation for the other traits or environmental parameters. Furthermore, we conclude that two leaf traits appear to be central in describing species: speciﬁc leaf area SLA, percentage of dry matter LDMC. While, SLA and LDMC are strongly correlated, LDMC appears to be less variable than SLA. According to our results the Dry Matter Content or its reversal Leaf Water Content appears the best leaf trait to be quantiﬁed for plant functional screening. Leaf thickness appeared to be rather uncorrelated with other leaf traits and show no environmental contingency; its variability could not have been explained in this study. Further studies should focus on this trait.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roche, Philip</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz-Burlinson, Natalia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gachet, Sophie</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Congruency analysis of species ranking based on leaf traits: which traits are the more reliable?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology formerly `Vegetatio'</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dry matter content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">France</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sla</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?id=doi:10.1023/B:VEGE.0000046056.94523.57</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">174</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37 - 48</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nine leaf traits area, fresh weight, dry weight, volume, density, thickness, speciﬁc leaf area SLA, dry matter content LDMC, leaf nitrogen content LNC from ten plant species at eight sites in southern mediterranean France were investigated in order to assess their variability along a climatic gradient and their ranking congruency power. After examination of trait correlation patterns, we reduced the nine initial leaf traits to four traits, representative of three correlation groups: allometric traits dry weight, functional traits SLA and dry matter percentage and Leaf Thickness. We analysed the variability of these four leaf traits at species and site level. We observed that between species variation between 64.5 for SLA and 91% for LDMC is higher than within species variation. Allowing a good congruency of species ranking assessed by spearman rank correlation and a good reallocation of individuals to species by discriminant analysis. A site level variability between 0.7% for Dry weight and 6.9% for SLA was identiﬁed and environmental parameters altitude, temperature, precipitation, nitrogen, pH were considered as probable control factors. We found signiﬁcant correlation between SLA, LDMC and the average minimum temperature respectively r0.87 and r-0,9 and no correlation for the other traits or environmental parameters. Furthermore, we conclude that two leaf traits appear to be central in describing species: speciﬁc leaf area SLA, percentage of dry matter LDMC. While, SLA and LDMC are strongly correlated, LDMC appears to be less variable than SLA. According to our results the Dry Matter Content or its reversal Leaf Water Content appears the best leaf trait to be quantiﬁed for plant functional screening. Leaf thickness appeared to be rather uncorrelated with other leaf traits and show no environmental contingency; its variability could not have been explained in this study. Further studies should focus on this trait.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aviles, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parejo, D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farming practices and Roller Coracias garrulus conservation in south-west Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agricultural intensification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">farming practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nest-boxes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reproduction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roller Coracias garrulus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">173 - 181</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There are no previous studies supporting the link between the decline of Roller Coracias garrulus populations in the Palaearctic and agricultural intensification. We studied the effect of farming practices on Roller reproduction during 1988-1991 in south-west Spain. Nest-boxes were installed on power pylons that crossed six different man-made habitats representing the most characteristic habitats in the Mediterranean region: pasture fields with and without holm oak Quercus roffindifolia trees, cereal fields with and without holm oak trees, scrub fields and irrigated fields. Rollers nesting in nest-boxes erected in unwooded pasture field had the highest breeding success, suggesting that this is the most suitable nesting habitat of Rollers in the region. There were no significant effects of farming practices in habitat adjacent to nests on Roller laying date and clutch size. However, after controlling for laying date, current agricultural practices around nests affected chick mortality, with higher losses in irrigated fields. Breeding success and egg productivity were also affected by farming activities, with the lowest values in irrigated fields. Future conservation plans for Rollers should consider that nest-box provision might increase habitat suitability for Roller reproduction and that highly intensified agricultural practices might have deleterious effects on Roller populations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APSAPSThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aviles, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parejo, D</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farming practices and Roller Coracias garrulus conservation in south-west Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agricultural intensification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">farming practices</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nest-boxes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reproduction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roller Coracias garrulus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">173-181</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There are no previous studies supporting the link between the decline of Roller Coracias garrulus populations in the Palaearctic and agricultural intensification. We studied the effect of farming practices on Roller reproduction during 1988-1991 in south-west Spain. Nest-boxes were installed on power pylons that crossed six different man-made habitats representing the most characteristic habitats in the Mediterranean region: pasture fields with and without holm oak Quercus roffindifolia trees, cereal fields with and without holm oak trees, scrub fields and irrigated fields. Rollers nesting in nest-boxes erected in unwooded pasture field had the highest breeding success, suggesting that this is the most suitable nesting habitat of Rollers in the region. There were no significant effects of farming practices in habitat adjacent to nests on Roller laying date and clutch size. However, after controlling for laying date, current agricultural practices around nests affected chick mortality, with higher losses in irrigated fields. Breeding success and egg productivity were also affected by farming activities, with the lowest values in irrigated fields. Future conservation plans for Rollers should consider that nest-box provision might increase habitat suitability for Roller reproduction and that highly intensified agricultural practices might have deleterious effects on Roller populations.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardoso, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva, Israel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Oliveira, Nuno G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serrano, Artur R M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indicator taxa of spider (Araneae) diversity and their efficiency in conservation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complementarity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">estimation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">517-524</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A considerable number of alternative approaches have been suggested during the last years to predict species richness of a given taxon, while retaining information on the identities of the observed individuals. Such information can be extremely useful for choosing conservation priority areas, either by using raw richness values or, preferentially, by considering the complementarity between potential sites. Among the most popular approaches is the use of indicator taxa. Both one single family and a group of several families are here tested in their ability to predict the number of spider (Araneae) species independently of sampling eﬀort, geographical location and type of habitat. We use data from three Portuguese protected areas as a test case. A two-family indicator group – Gnaphosidae and Theridiidae – is found to be a good surrogate of species richness, even if caution is needed regarding the comparison of sites with considerably diﬀerent sampling eﬀort or vegetation cover. No single family can be seen as a good surrogate of the totality of spiders. In addition, only a group of the two mentioned families is found to be eﬃcient and reliable either when used to rank sites according to taxa richness or for determining near-minimum sets of sites for conservation. We therefore recommend surrogacy with this indicator group as a promising approach for the prediction of spider species richness or evaluation and ranking of areas according to their conservation importance. The reached conclusions should uphold for Portugal and the entire Mediterranean region.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardoso, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva, Israel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Oliveira, Nuno G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serrano, Artur R M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indicator taxa of spider (Araneae) diversity and their efficiency in conservation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complementarity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">estimation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320704001491</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">517 - 524</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A considerable number of alternative approaches have been suggested during the last years to predict species richness of a given taxon, while retaining information on the identities of the observed individuals. Such information can be extremely useful for choosing conservation priority areas, either by using raw richness values or, preferentially, by considering the complementarity between potential sites. Among the most popular approaches is the use of indicator taxa. Both one single family and a group of several families are here tested in their ability to predict the number of spider (Araneae) species independently of sampling eﬀort, geographical location and type of habitat. We use data from three Portuguese protected areas as a test case. A two-family indicator group – Gnaphosidae and Theridiidae – is found to be a good surrogate of species richness, even if caution is needed regarding the comparison of sites with considerably diﬀerent sampling eﬀort or vegetation cover. No single family can be seen as a good surrogate of the totality of spiders. In addition, only a group of the two mentioned families is found to be eﬃcient and reliable either when used to rank sites according to taxa richness or for determining near-minimum sets of sites for conservation. We therefore recommend surrogacy with this indicator group as a promising approach for the prediction of spider species richness or evaluation and ranking of areas according to their conservation importance. The reached conclusions should uphold for Portugal and the entire Mediterranean region.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardoso, Pedro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva, Israel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Oliveira, Nuno G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serrano, Artur R. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indicator taxa of spider (Araneae) diversity and their efficiency in conservation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complementarity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">estimation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320704001491</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">517 - 524</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A considerable number of alternative approaches have been suggested during the last years to predict species richness of a given taxon, while retaining information on the identities of the observed individuals. Such information can be extremely useful for choosing conservation priority areas, either by using raw richness values or, preferentially, by considering the complementarity between potential sites. Among the most popular approaches is the use of indicator taxa. Both one single family and a group of several families are here tested in their ability to predict the number of spider (Araneae) species independently of sampling eﬀort, geographical location and type of habitat. We use data from three Portuguese protected areas as a test case. A two-family indicator group – Gnaphosidae and Theridiidae – is found to be a good surrogate of species richness, even if caution is needed regarding the comparison of sites with considerably diﬀerent sampling eﬀort or vegetation cover. No single family can be seen as a good surrogate of the totality of spiders. In addition, only a group of the two mentioned families is found to be eﬃcient and reliable either when used to rank sites according to taxa richness or for determining near-minimum sets of sites for conservation. We therefore recommend surrogacy with this indicator group as a promising approach for the prediction of spider species richness or evaluation and ranking of areas according to their conservation importance. The reached conclusions should uphold for Portugal and the entire Mediterranean region.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plieninger, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modolell y Mainou, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konold, W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land manager attitudes toward management, regeneration, and conservation of Spanish holm oak savannas (dehesas)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landowner motivations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rangeland policy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169204603001002</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">185 - 198</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological conservation in Spanish dehesas critically depends on the long-term persistence of a holm oak tree layer.Managers of private estates in Cáceres province, Spain, were surveyed about their conservation attitudes and behavior, especially as regards the widespread regeneration failure of oak stands. The aim was to define land-user perspectives on oak conservation in dehesas as basis for the design of suitable oak regeneration programs. Dehesa estates are managed diversely for a variety of goals, with lamb and beef production predominating. Small operations (‘minifundios’) had significantly higher stocking levels than large operations (‘latifundios’). Results suggest that managers strongly appreciate oaks, both for income- and non-income-related motivations like the preservation of real estate value or family tradition. Concern about threats to oak stands like lacking regeneration, oak decline, or conversion in urban areas varied in intensity, but most managers expected major changes for the future. Statistical relationships were established between oak appreciation and socio-economic variables like age, land ownership, years the operation had been owned by the family, and use of oak products. The survey revealed great confusion about existing oak conservation regulations. For long-term support to be assured, policy should orient its efforts toward conservation incentive schemes, environmental education, and technical assistance.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plieninger, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modolell y Mainou, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konold, W</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land manager attitudes toward management, regeneration, and conservation of Spanish holm oak savannas (dehesas)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landowner motivations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rangeland policy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">185-198</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological conservation in Spanish dehesas critically depends on the long-term persistence of a holm oak tree layer.Managers of private estates in Cáceres province, Spain, were surveyed about their conservation attitudes and behavior, especially as regards the widespread regeneration failure of oak stands. The aim was to define land-user perspectives on oak conservation in dehesas as basis for the design of suitable oak regeneration programs. Dehesa estates are managed diversely for a variety of goals, with lamb and beef production predominating. Small operations (‘minifundios’) had significantly higher stocking levels than large operations (‘latifundios’). Results suggest that managers strongly appreciate oaks, both for income- and non-income-related motivations like the preservation of real estate value or family tradition. Concern about threats to oak stands like lacking regeneration, oak decline, or conversion in urban areas varied in intensity, but most managers expected major changes for the future. Statistical relationships were established between oak appreciation and socio-economic variables like age, land ownership, years the operation had been owned by the family, and use of oak products. The survey revealed great confusion about existing oak conservation regulations. For long-term support to be assured, policy should orient its efforts toward conservation incentive schemes, environmental education, and technical assistance.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>7</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinto-Correia, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vos, Willem</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongman, R H G</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multifunctionality in Mediterranean landscapes–past and future</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The New Dimensions of the European Landscapes</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agri-environmental</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agro-silvo-pastoral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multifunctionality</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dordrecht</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">135-164</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-4020-2910-1</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">During past decades many of the traditional multifunctional Mediterranean landscapes with their typical complexes of agro-, silvo- and pastoral components changed thoroughly. Nowadays only few of them are still vital. Their complex farming systems secure at the same time a multitude of other functions than just agricultural production, such as support for recreation, amenity, cultural identity, preservation of natural resources and environmental quality. Some of these unique, old Mediterranean landscapes are discussed. They cover a broad range from near-tonature high mountain landscapes and terraced small-scale submediterranean polyculture landscapes to dry Mediterranean agro-silvo-pastoral landscapes. All these are changing, either spontaneously due to changing socio-economic and cultural conditions, or as a result of conscious policies, with the Common Agricultural Policy as a main driver. Even measures created to support specific traditional land uses and their landscapes are often not successful as they focus on only a part of the system. These policies and measures will not hold the valuable traditional systems from collapsing and subsequent vanishing. Some other policy instruments, such as those in forestry, are not meant to support them, but to transform them in favour of new monofunctionality. New strategies and instruments ought to deal with these multifunctional landscapes in a more integrated way, if some of them are to be maintained or transformed into others with similar qualities.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinto-Correia, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vos, Willem</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jongman, R. H. G.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multifunctionality in Mediterranean landscapes–past and future</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The New Dimensions of the European Landscapes</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agri-environmental</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agro-silvo-pastoral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multifunctionality</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=F43tHLBnZeMC&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PA135&amp;dq=Multifunctionality+in+Mediterranean+landscapes+?+past+and+future&amp;ots=vyvkOhafkn&amp;sig=J2UnA8Q34lVroUaNjvKRlGb1vvY</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dordrecht</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">135 - 164</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-4020-2910-1</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">During past decades many of the traditional multifunctional Mediterranean landscapes with their typical complexes of agro-, silvo- and pastoral components changed thoroughly. Nowadays only few of them are still vital. Their complex farming systems secure at the same time a multitude of other functions than just agricultural production, such as support for recreation, amenity, cultural identity, preservation of natural resources and environmental quality. Some of these unique, old Mediterranean landscapes are discussed. They cover a broad range from near-tonature high mountain landscapes and terraced small-scale submediterranean polyculture landscapes to dry Mediterranean agro-silvo-pastoral landscapes. All these are changing, either spontaneously due to changing socio-economic and cultural conditions, or as a result of conscious policies, with the Common Agricultural Policy as a main driver. Even measures created to support specific traditional land uses and their landscapes are often not successful as they focus on only a part of the system. These policies and measures will not hold the valuable traditional systems from collapsing and subsequent vanishing. Some other policy instruments, such as those in forestry, are not meant to support them, but to transform them in favour of new monofunctionality. New strategies and instruments ought to deal with these multifunctional landscapes in a more integrated way, if some of them are to be maintained or transformed into others with similar qualities.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;periodical: The New Dimensions of the European Landscapes</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bugalho, Miguel N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milne, John a</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The composition of the diet of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in a Mediterranean environment: a case of summer nutritional constraint?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">browse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cervus elaphus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diet composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112703001257</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">181</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23 - 29</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The composition of the diet of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in a Mediterranean environment, in southern Portugal, was estimated during summer 1995–1997 using n-alkane analysis. Standing crop of herbage layer biomass was estimated between June and September 1995–1997 using the clipping quadrat method. There was a large variability between years in the availability of the herbage layer biomass. Biomass was three fold greater and availability of legumes higher in a wet than in a dry year. Live green material was available in the herbage layer in June, but not thereafter, even during a wet year. Red deer ingested a higher proportion of browse in summer during drier years (0.83–0.89) than during a wet year (0.47). In the drier years, the herbage layer was replaced in the diet by browse species that were uneaten in the wet year. Contrary to Atlantic environments, where red deer include a large proportion of browse in their diets during winter, summer is likely to be a season of nutritional constraint for red deer inhabiting Mediterranean environments</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bugalho, Miguel N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milne, John a</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The composition of the diet of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in a Mediterranean environment: a case of summer nutritional constraint?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">browse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cervus elaphus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diet composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">181</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23-29</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The composition of the diet of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in a Mediterranean environment, in southern Portugal, was estimated during summer 1995–1997 using n-alkane analysis. Standing crop of herbage layer biomass was estimated between June and September 1995–1997 using the clipping quadrat method. There was a large variability between years in the availability of the herbage layer biomass. Biomass was three fold greater and availability of legumes higher in a wet than in a dry year. Live green material was available in the herbage layer in June, but not thereafter, even during a wet year. Red deer ingested a higher proportion of browse in summer during drier years (0.83–0.89) than during a wet year (0.47). In the drier years, the herbage layer was replaced in the diet by browse species that were uneaten in the wet year. Contrary to Atlantic environments, where red deer include a large proportion of browse in their diets during winter, summer is likely to be a season of nutritional constraint for red deer inhabiting Mediterranean environments</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gartner, Barbara L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roy, Jacques</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huc, Roland</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of tension wood on specific conductivity and vulnerability to embolism of Quercus ilex seedlings grown at two atmospheric CO2 concentrations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecological wood anatomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydraulic architecture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structure/function relationship</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">387-395</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To determine whether there are decreases in hydraulic function of a woody stem when it has increased mechanical loading, Quercus ilex L. seedlings were grown upright or inclined to force the production of large amounts of tension wood (TW). Seedlings were grown in ambient or elevated carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) for 16–17 months to provide two sets of seedlings differing in growth rates and allocation patterns. In both CO2 environments, inclination caused formation of large amounts of TW at the base and mid-section of most stems, but not at the stem tips. Contrary to expectation, there were no significant effects of stem inclination or amount of TW on specific conductivity (ks) or vulnerability to embolism. Samples with high amounts of TW had higher vessel frequency, similar average vessel lumen area, similar vessel lumen fraction (6% of the transverse area), elevated frequency of vessels in the smallest diameter class, and higher wood density than samples with very little TW. Samples from seedlings in the elevated [CO2] treatment had similar vessel frequency, larger average vessel lumen area (caused by a higher frequency of large-diameter vessels), similar vessel lumen fraction, and similar wood density as samples from seedlings in the ambient [CO2] treatment. There was a strong position effect: the highest wood density and lowest ks were at the stem base, intermediate values were at the middle, and the lowest density and highest ks were at the stem tip. We conclude that, in a species that uses different cells for mechanical support and water transport, there can be large modifications in performance of the mechanical function through TW formation without impacting the water transport functions—ks and vulnerability to embolism.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/23.6.387</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/23.6.387</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gartner, Barbara L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roy, Jacques</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huc, Roland</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of tension wood on specific conductivity and vulnerability to embolism of Quercus ilex seedlings grown at two atmospheric CO2 concentrations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecological wood anatomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydraulic architecture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structure/function relationship</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/6/387.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">387 - 395</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To determine whether there are decreases in hydraulic function of a woody stem when it has increased mechanical loading, Quercus ilex L. seedlings were grown upright or inclined to force the production of large amounts of tension wood (TW). Seedlings were grown in ambient or elevated carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) for 16–17 months to provide two sets of seedlings differing in growth rates and allocation patterns. In both CO2 environments, inclination caused formation of large amounts of TW at the base and mid-section of most stems, but not at the stem tips. Contrary to expectation, there were no significant effects of stem inclination or amount of TW on specific conductivity (ks) or vulnerability to embolism. Samples with high amounts of TW had higher vessel frequency, similar average vessel lumen area, similar vessel lumen fraction (6% of the transverse area), elevated frequency of vessels in the smallest diameter class, and higher wood density than samples with very little TW. Samples from seedlings in the elevated [CO2] treatment had similar vessel frequency, larger average vessel lumen area (caused by a higher frequency of large-diameter vessels), similar vessel lumen fraction, and similar wood density as samples from seedlings in the ambient [CO2] treatment. There was a strong position effect: the highest wood density and lowest ks were at the stem base, intermediate values were at the middle, and the lowest density and highest ks were at the stem tip. We conclude that, in a species that uses different cells for mechanical support and water transport, there can be large modifications in performance of the mechanical function through TW formation without impacting the water transport functions—ks and vulnerability to embolism.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/23.6.38710.1093/treephys/23.6.387</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez-Llario, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mateos-Quesada, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvério, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Habitat effects and shooting techniques on two wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations in Spain and Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Populations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shooting techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sus scrofa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wild boar</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120 - 129</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the last decades, wild boar (Sus scrofa) distribution has increased world-wide, the Iberian Peninsula being no exception. The wild boar now inhabits almost the entire Iberian territory, where today it is one of the most important big game species. In this paper, for the first time, bag analysis from two ecological different regions are presented and compared to the employed hunting techniques. One represents the well-preserved Mediterranean forests of south-western Spain, the other, located in the south of Portugal, is a farmland with interspersed forest areas. Our results indicate a stronger hunting intensity and also a higher wild boar population density in the Portuguese study areas. The stronger hunting intensity may result in a younger wild boar population. We also found considerable differences between the shooting techniques used in both regions and those employed in the north-east of the peninsula. It does therefore not seem advisable to directly compare bag statistics from different regions of the Iberian peninsula.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-Llario, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mateos-Quesada, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvério, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Habitat effects and shooting techniques on two wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations in Spain and Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habitats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Populations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shooting techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sus scrofa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wild boar</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120-129</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the last decades, wild boar (Sus scrofa) distribution has increased world-wide, the Iberian Peninsula being no exception. The wild boar now inhabits almost the entire Iberian territory, where today it is one of the most important big game species. In this paper, for the first time, bag analysis from two ecological different regions are presented and compared to the employed hunting techniques. One represents the well-preserved Mediterranean forests of south-western Spain, the other, located in the south of Portugal, is a farmland with interspersed forest areas. Our results indicate a stronger hunting intensity and also a higher wild boar population density in the Portuguese study areas. The stronger hunting intensity may result in a younger wild boar population. We also found considerable differences between the shooting techniques used in both regions and those employed in the north-east of the peninsula. It does therefore not seem advisable to directly compare bag statistics from different regions of the Iberian peninsula.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dimitrakopoulos, A P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Papaioannou, K K</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flammability assessment of Mediterranean forest fuels</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire Technology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flammability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ignitability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural fuels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wildland fires</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">143-152</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The time-to-ignition of variousdominant Mediterranean forest fuelswasmeasured during laboratory tests, in order to develop a relative ﬂammability classiﬁcation and determine the moisture of extinction of these fuels. The tests were performed with an ignition apparatusmanufactured according to the ISO standards(ISO 5657-1986E) and under a wide gradient of fuel moisture contents, ranging from air-dry to fresh foliage. Moisture content was the single most signiﬁcant factor that affected fuel ﬂammability. Regression modelswere developed between the time-to-ignition and the moisture content valuesof all the fuels tested, and subsequently, were used for the relative ﬂammability ranking of these fuels. Fuel moisture of extinction was assessed to have a threshold value ranging from 40% to more than 140% o.d.w. for the species tested. The ﬂammability ranking of natural fuels can be useful in fuel hazard assessment and ﬁre danger rating, thus facilitating the judicial ﬁre management planning in wildlandsand at the rural-urban interface.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dimitrakopoulos, A. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Papaioannou, K. K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flammability assessment of Mediterranean forest fuels</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire Technology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flammability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ignitability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural fuels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wildland fires</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/P743753545V4L030.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">143 - 152</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The time-to-ignition of variousdominant Mediterranean forest fuelswasmeasured during laboratory tests, in order to develop a relative ﬂammability classiﬁcation and determine the moisture of extinction of these fuels. The tests were performed with an ignition apparatusmanufactured according to the ISO standards(ISO 5657-1986E) and under a wide gradient of fuel moisture contents, ranging from air-dry to fresh foliage. Moisture content was the single most signiﬁcant factor that affected fuel ﬂammability. Regression modelswere developed between the time-to-ignition and the moisture content valuesof all the fuels tested, and subsequently, were used for the relative ﬂammability ranking of these fuels. Fuel moisture of extinction was assessed to have a threshold value ranging from 40% to more than 140% o.d.w. for the species tested. The ﬂammability ranking of natural fuels can be useful in fuel hazard assessment and ﬁre danger rating, thus facilitating the judicial ﬁre management planning in wildlandsand at the rural-urban interface.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bugalho, M N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milne, J a.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Racey, P a.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The foraging ecology of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in a Mediterranean environment: is a larger body size advantageous?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Zoology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">body-size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">browse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cervus elaphus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diet composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">255</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">285-289</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Mediterranean environments browse is expected to be a major component of the diet of red deer Cervus elaphus during the summer when most grasses senesce. In this study the hypothesis is tested that, if browse is an essential food resource at this time, the sex with the larger body size may have a greater physical ability to reach the tree canopy and include a higher proportion of browse in its diet. The organic matter digestibility (OMD) and composition of the diet of a population of red deer males and females were measured between July and September, in 1996 and 1997, in an area of Portugal with a Mediterranean type of climate, using the n-alkane technique. Direct observations of animals browsing on tree canopies and shrubs were made also during the same period. The OMD of the diet was signi®cantly different between sexes and between years and was higher in males than females both in 1996 (means  sem for males and females, 0.65 and 0.58  0.026, respectively) and 1997 (means for males and females, 0.59 and 0.48  0.045, respectively). The proportion of cork oak Quercus suber in the diet was also signi®cantly different between sexes and between years, with males having a higher proportion of cork oak in their diets in 1996 (males and females, 0.30 and 0.16  0.037, respectively) and 1997 (males and females, 0.41 and 0.23  0.064, respectively). A signi®cantly lower proportion of the herbage layer was found in the diet of males in 1996 (males and females, 0.46 and 0.64  0.048) but not in 1997. The number of observations of males browsing on tree canopies was signi®cantly higher than females. It is concluded that there are differences between sexes in the composition and quality of the diet and that a larger body size may confer advantages in situations where browse is an essential food resource.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bugalho, M. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milne, J. a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Racey, P. a</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The foraging ecology of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in a Mediterranean environment: is a larger body size advantageous?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Zoology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">body-size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">browse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cervus elaphus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diet composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1017/S0952836901001376</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">255</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">285 - 289</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Mediterranean environments browse is expected to be a major component of the diet of red deer Cervus elaphus during the summer when most grasses senesce. In this study the hypothesis is tested that, if browse is an essential food resource at this time, the sex with the larger body size may have a greater physical ability to reach the tree canopy and include a higher proportion of browse in its diet. The organic matter digestibility (OMD) and composition of the diet of a population of red deer males and females were measured between July and September, in 1996 and 1997, in an area of Portugal with a Mediterranean type of climate, using the n-alkane technique. Direct observations of animals browsing on tree canopies and shrubs were made also during the same period. The OMD of the diet was signi®cantly different between sexes and between years and was higher in males than females both in 1996 (means  sem for males and females, 0.65 and 0.58  0.026, respectively) and 1997 (means for males and females, 0.59 and 0.48  0.045, respectively). The proportion of cork oak Quercus suber in the diet was also signi®cantly different between sexes and between years, with males having a higher proportion of cork oak in their diets in 1996 (males and females, 0.30 and 0.16  0.037, respectively) and 1997 (males and females, 0.41 and 0.23  0.064, respectively). A signi®cantly lower proportion of the herbage layer was found in the diet of males in 1996 (males and females, 0.46 and 0.64  0.048) but not in 1997. The number of observations of males browsing on tree canopies was signi®cantly higher than females. It is concluded that there are differences between sexes in the composition and quality of the diet and that a larger body size may confer advantages in situations where browse is an essential food resource.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plieninger, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wilbrand, C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use, biodiversity conservation, and rural development in the dehesas of Cuatro Lugares, Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">economic output</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">livestock</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pastoralism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rangeland</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23-34</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesas are an agrosilvopastoral system that has enhanced the maintenance of an extraordinarily high biodiversity. The traditional use is characterized by mixed livestock raising at low stocking densities, employment of hardy regional breeds and an elaborated maintenance and exploitation of holm oaks. Livestock production has traditionally been accompanied by arable systems with long rotations and closed nutrient cycles without external inputs of fodder, fertilizers and agro-chemicals. Modern trends are a specialization toward lamb and beef production and the employment of intensive techniques like freerange grazing at high stocking levels or crossbreeding with high-performance breeds. A model income statement shows that livestock create an income of 49.91 US$ per ewe per year on an average basis. The central problem for the continuity of the dehesas is the gradual decay of the tree canopy. Intensification of agricultural production and the abandonment of traditional grazing practices additionally threaten biodiversity within the dehesas. The authors suggest the foundation of a biosphere reserve in Cuatro Lugares as a framework for a sustainable development of the dehesas.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plieninger, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wilbrand, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land use, biodiversity conservation, and rural development in the dehesas of Cuatro Lugares, Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agroforestry Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">economic output</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">livestock</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pastoralism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rangeland</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/JTJ4832R8W8217R4.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23 - 34</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehesas are an agrosilvopastoral system that has enhanced the maintenance of an extraordinarily high biodiversity. The traditional use is characterized by mixed livestock raising at low stocking densities, employment of hardy regional breeds and an elaborated maintenance and exploitation of holm oaks. Livestock production has traditionally been accompanied by arable systems with long rotations and closed nutrient cycles without external inputs of fodder, fertilizers and agro-chemicals. Modern trends are a specialization toward lamb and beef production and the employment of intensive techniques like freerange grazing at high stocking levels or crossbreeding with high-performance breeds. A model income statement shows that livestock create an income of 49.91 US$ per ewe per year on an average basis. The central problem for the continuity of the dehesas is the gradual decay of the tree canopy. Intensification of agricultural production and the abandonment of traditional grazing practices additionally threaten biodiversity within the dehesas. The authors suggest the foundation of a biosphere reserve in Cuatro Lugares as a framework for a sustainable development of the dehesas.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">a. P. Dimitrakopoulos</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermogravimetric analysis of Mediterranean plant species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">combustibility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lignocellulosic materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural fuels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pyrolysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermogravimetric analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wildland fires</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165237000001649</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123 - 130</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Twelve dominant Mediterranean plant species were subjected to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in air medium, in order to study their thermal degradation process and assess their potential combustibility as natural fuels. Statistically signiﬁcant differences were observed among the values of the pyrolytic parameters of the species analyzed. The mean volatilization rate values resulted in meaningful ranking of the species into vegetation types of similar combustibility, as veriﬁed by observations during actual wildﬁres. The use of TGA as a method for assessing the combustibility of individual plant species seems justiﬁed</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">a.P. Dimitrakopoulos</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermogravimetric analysis of Mediterranean plant species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">combustibility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lignocellulosic materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural fuels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pyrolysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermogravimetric analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wildland fires</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123-130</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Twelve dominant Mediterranean plant species were subjected to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in air medium, in order to study their thermal degradation process and assess their potential combustibility as natural fuels. Statistically signiﬁcant differences were observed among the values of the pyrolytic parameters of the species analyzed. The mean volatilization rate values resulted in meaningful ranking of the species into vegetation types of similar combustibility, as veriﬁed by observations during actual wildﬁres. The use of TGA as a method for assessing the combustibility of individual plant species seems justiﬁed</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>7</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terradas, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak and holm oak forests: An introduction</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecology of Mediterranean Evergreen Oak Forests</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Berlin Heidelberg</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">137</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-14</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0070-8356; 3-540-65019-9</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Why should we study the Mediterranean evergreen forests of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.)? Besides the pursuit of knowledge, two major reasons can be put forward. First, holm oak forests are a dominant type of vegetation in a transition zone between temperate forests, mostly dominated by deciduous trees and the scrublands (maquis, chaparral, phrygana, etc.) that herald the tropical regions. In this transition zone, plants have had to cope with a selective pressure resulting from a double stress - winter cold and summer drought - that has determined their morphological and ecophysiological evolutive responses. One of our aims is to provide an insight into the features of holm oak as related to environmental factors and in comparison with other tree types (broadleaved deciduous hardwoods, needle-leafed conifers)</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geral</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pausas, J. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean vegetation dynamics: modelling problems and functional types</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disturbance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gap models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resprouting</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/H3Q71T1766U4805G.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">140</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27 - 39</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gap models have been applied to a wide range of ecosystems, mainly temperate and boreal forests, but rarely have such models been applied to Mediterranean ecosystems. In the present review we address some problems of gap models for predicting the long-term dynamics of Mediterranean ecosystems, and we suggest plant functional types suitable for modelling based on responses to disturbance. Most gap models do not take into account different life forms, interactions with ﬁre (e.g., resprouting and stimulation of the germination), and underground structures. Long term human impact on Mediterranean ecosystems has made a signiﬁcant impact on the current landscapes. That intense land use, involving long-lived slow-growing species, has had long-term consequences. It is not possible to understand Mediterranean vegetation and to validate any model without considering these factors. The lack of data for Mediterranean species may be overcome by taking into account correlations of traits and trade-offs between different functional types. A simple disturbance-based functional group system is discussed.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pausas, J G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean vegetation dynamics: modelling problems and functional types</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disturbance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gap models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resprouting</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">140</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27-39</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gap models have been applied to a wide range of ecosystems, mainly temperate and boreal forests, but rarely have such models been applied to Mediterranean ecosystems. In the present review we address some problems of gap models for predicting the long-term dynamics of Mediterranean ecosystems, and we suggest plant functional types suitable for modelling based on responses to disturbance. Most gap models do not take into account different life forms, interactions with ﬁre (e.g., resprouting and stimulation of the germination), and underground structures. Long term human impact on Mediterranean ecosystems has made a signiﬁcant impact on the current landscapes. That intense land use, involving long-lived slow-growing species, has had long-term consequences. It is not possible to understand Mediterranean vegetation and to validate any model without considering these factors. The lack of data for Mediterranean species may be overcome by taking into account correlations of traits and trade-offs between different functional types. A simple disturbance-based functional group system is discussed.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inclán, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ribas, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penuelas, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gimeno, B S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The relative sensitivity of different mediterranean plant species to ozone exposure</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water, Air, &amp; Soil Pollution</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Critical levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">woody species</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">116</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">273-277</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An experimental study was performed in open-top chambers to assess the relative O3-sensitivity of the following Mediterranean woody plants: Quercus ilex ssp. ilex, Quercus ilex ssp. ballota, Olea europaea ssp. sylvestris, Ceratonia siliqua and Arbutus unedo. Assessment of O3 ‘sensitivity’ was based on the development of O3-induced visible injury and the extent of the reduction in relative growth rate induced by O3. Two-year-old seedlings were exposed in open-top chambers to charcoal filtered air (CFA), Non-filtered air (NFA) or Non-filtered air supplied with 40 ppb O3 from 09:00 to 18:00 hours (NFA+40). No clear relationships were found between the development of visible injury and effects on plant growth or accumulated biomass. Olea europea ssp. sylvestris and Quercus ilex ssp. ballota appeared to be the most O3-sensitive tree species screened; a ten month exposure to ambient O3 levels (AOT40 = 12.4 ppm.h) caused reductions in height and/or stem growth. Further research is needed to characterise the physiological, biochemical and anatomical characteristics that may underlie the ‘sensitivity’ of certain Mediterranean species to O3</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergkamp, Ger</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrological influences on the resilience of Quercus spp. dominated geoecosystems in central Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geomorphology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resilience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrubland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water balance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">101-126</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Differences in vegetation cover within a landscape having a similar land use history, can be used to identify differences in recovery following disturbance according to landscape position. The objective of this study was to determine the resilience of oak-dominated communities at different landscape positions in a research area in central Spain as indicated by the relative recovery of Quercus ilex and Q. coccifera, and to relate this to the most important hydrological processes and properties at the slope sections scale. The results indicate that the geoecosystems on slope sections on north-facing slopes are more resilient than those on south-facing slopes. On the more degraded shrubland sites, the higher values of vegetation cover on the lower slope sections indicate the systems on these slope sections to be more resilient than those on the slope sections located higher up the slope. The hydrological factors that could possibly explain differences in vegetation type and cover were found to be distance to water resources at greater depths and incoming radiation controlling evapotranspiration. A conceptual model is presented that links the resilience of these systems to the hydrological conditions. On the basis of the presented model, it is postulated that recovery of the system is determined partly by access to deep water resources. It is suggested that differences in or degree of access to such water resources may cause these comparably looking systems to react differently to degradation and recovery</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergkamp, Ger</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrological influences on the resilience of Quercus spp. dominated geoecosystems in central Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geomorphology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resilience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrubland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water balance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169555X97001074</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">101 - 126</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Differences in vegetation cover within a landscape having a similar land use history, can be used to identify differences in recovery following disturbance according to landscape position. The objective of this study was to determine the resilience of oak-dominated communities at different landscape positions in a research area in central Spain as indicated by the relative recovery of Quercus ilex and Q. coccifera, and to relate this to the most important hydrological processes and properties at the slope sections scale. The results indicate that the geoecosystems on slope sections on north-facing slopes are more resilient than those on south-facing slopes. On the more degraded shrubland sites, the higher values of vegetation cover on the lower slope sections indicate the systems on these slope sections to be more resilient than those on the slope sections located higher up the slope. The hydrological factors that could possibly explain differences in vegetation type and cover were found to be distance to water resources at greater depths and incoming radiation controlling evapotranspiration. A conceptual model is presented that links the resilience of these systems to the hydrological conditions. On the basis of the presented model, it is postulated that recovery of the system is determined partly by access to deep water resources. It is suggested that differences in or degree of access to such water resources may cause these comparably looking systems to react differently to degradation and recovery</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, J S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chaves, M M</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohren, GMJ and Kramer, K and Sabate, S</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Impacts of climate change and elevated CO2 on trees in regions with a Mediterranean type of climate</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPACTS OF GLOBAL CHANGE ON TREE PHYSIOLOGY AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elevated CO2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water stress</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">213-223</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0-7923-4921-0</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research on the effects of global changes on Mediterranean trees is&lt;br/&gt;still limited. In terms of growth response to elevated CO2,&lt;br/&gt;Mediterranean trees were not different from temperate-zone trees, i.e.,&lt;br/&gt;growth enhancement seems to be short-lived, declining after the first&lt;br/&gt;growing seasons in elevated CO2. In Mediterranean landscapes important&lt;br/&gt;soil fertility gradients can be found. Such differences, mainly in soil&lt;br/&gt;nitrogen, may interact with elevated CO2, as shown by the enhancement of&lt;br/&gt;the response to high CO2 by abundant N in Fraxinus angustifolia (a&lt;br/&gt;deciduous, riparian tree) and Quercus suber (an evergreen oak). Given&lt;br/&gt;the characteristics of the regional climate, special attention in&lt;br/&gt;research was given to the interaction between elevated CO2 and the&lt;br/&gt;summer stress, i.e., heat and high irradiance stresses superimposed on&lt;br/&gt;water deficits. We discuss the possibility that elevated CO2 may&lt;br/&gt;alleviate some of the negative effects of that summer stresses, as was&lt;br/&gt;found in Quercus suber seedlings under controlled conditions or in&lt;br/&gt;Quercus ilex with a life-time exposure to elevated CO2.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicol-Pichard, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dubar, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reconstruction of Late-glacial and Holocene environments in southeast France based on the study of a 66-m long core from Biot, Alpes Maritimes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VEGETATION HISTORY AND ARCHAEOBOTANY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">France Glacial refugia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Late-glacial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pollen analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER VERLAG</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11-15</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A pollen analytical study of a 66-m long core from the Prague valley, Plot, Alpes-Maritimes, France, suggests that thalwegs in eastern Provence may have served as refugia for mesophilous trees such as Tilia, Fagus and Abies during the last glacial period. During the Younger Dryas the vegetation was considerably less steppic in character than that described from western Provence. The varying role of taxa such as Quercus ilex-type in pollen profiles from the wider region suggests a longitudinal gradient in both climate and vegetation development in the French/Italian north-western mediterranean region during the Holocene.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerdá, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil aggregate stability under different Mediterranean vegetation types</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catena</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aggregate stability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laboratory test</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73-86</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The influence of vegetation type on soil erodibility was studied by means of aggregate stability measurements using the Modified Emerson Water Dispersion Test MEWDT , water-drop impacts . . . CND and TDI and Ultrasonic Disruption UD methods on soils from north-facing slopes of the mountain range of La Serra Grossa in the eastern Iberian Peninsula. Soils with similar characteristics but covered by the main plant species at the study area were selected. Quercus ilex woodland showed the most resistant soil aggregates followed by Q. coccifera and Pistacea lentiscus scrubland, Brachypodium retusum grassland and Pinus halepensis woodland. Aggregates developed beneath dwarf shrubs like Rosmarinus officinalis, Thymus Íulgaris, Ulex parÍiflorus and Anthyllis cystisoides were least resistant. The different methods and tests applied are useful to study the soil aggregate stability. The MEWDT and TDI tests showed only minor differences between samples due to the high aggregate resistance and the low energy applied by these tests. CND and UD tests are considered to be more suitable for resistant Mediterranean soil developed on limestone due to the greater energy applied. Aggregates tested from an initially moist pF1 condition were always more stable than air dried aggregates. Rangeland management . after disturbances by fire, agriculture or grazing, etc. should try to establish natural woodland Q. ilex. in order to get the most stable soil. Alternative vegetation cover to the climax vegetation that give high aggregate stability are Q. coccifera and P. lentiscus scrublands. Immediately after disturbance, B. retusum grassland seems to be the best option for soil protection.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerdà, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil aggregate stability under different Mediterranean vegetation types</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catena</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aggregate stability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laboratory test</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vegetation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0341816298000411</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73 - 86</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The influence of vegetation type on soil erodibility was studied by means of aggregate stability measurements using the Modified Emerson Water Dispersion Test MEWDT , water-drop impacts . . . CND and TDI and Ultrasonic Disruption UD methods on soils from north-facing slopes of the mountain range of La Serra Grossa in the eastern Iberian Peninsula. Soils with similar characteristics but covered by the main plant species at the study area were selected. Quercus ilex woodland showed the most resistant soil aggregates followed by Q. coccifera and Pistacea lentiscus scrubland, Brachypodium retusum grassland and Pinus halepensis woodland. Aggregates developed beneath dwarf shrubs like Rosmarinus officinalis, Thymus Íulgaris, Ulex parÍiflorus and Anthyllis cystisoides were least resistant. The different methods and tests applied are useful to study the soil aggregate stability. The MEWDT and TDI tests showed only minor differences between samples due to the high aggregate resistance and the low energy applied by these tests. CND and UD tests are considered to be more suitable for resistant Mediterranean soil developed on limestone due to the greater energy applied. Aggregates tested from an initially moist pF1 condition were always more stable than air dried aggregates. Rangeland management . after disturbances by fire, agriculture or grazing, etc. should try to establish natural woodland Q. ilex. in order to get the most stable soil. Alternative vegetation cover to the climax vegetation that give high aggregate stability are Q. coccifera and P. lentiscus scrublands. Immediately after disturbance, B. retusum grassland seems to be the best option for soil protection.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tognetti, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Longobucco, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miglietta, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raschi, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transpiration and stomatal behaviour of Quercus ilex plants during the summer in a Mediterranean carbon dioxide spring</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant, Cell &amp; Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural CO2 springs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sap flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal conductance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water relations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Science Ltd, UK</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">613-622</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variations in the water relations and stomatal response of Quercus ilex were analysed under field conditions by comparing trees at two locations in a Mediterranean environment during two consecutive summers (1993 and 1994). We used the heat-pulse velocity technique to estimate transpirational water use of trees during a 5 month period from June to November 1994. At the end of sap flow measurements, the trees were harvested, and the foliage and sapwood area measured. A distinct environmental gradient exists between the two sites with higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations in the proximity of a natural CO2 spring. Trees at the spring site have been growing for generations in elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. At both sites, maximum leaf conductance was related to predawn shoot water potential. The effects of water deficits on water relations and whole-plant transpiration during the summer drought were severe. Leaf conductance and water potential recovered after major rainfall in September to predrought values. Sap flow, leaf conductance and predawn water potential decreased in parallel with increases in hydraulic resistance, reaching a minimum in mid-summer. These relationships are in agreement with the hypothesis of the stomatal control of transpiration to prevent desiccation damage but also to avoid ‘runaway embolism’. Trees at the CO2 spring underwent less reduction in hydraulic resistance for a given value of predawn water potential. The decrease in leaf conductance caused by elevated CO2 was limited and tended to be less at high than at low atmospheric vapour pressure deficit. Mean (and diurnal) sap flux were consistently higher in the control site trees than in the CO2 spring trees. The degree of reduction in water use between the two sites varied among the summer periods. The control site trees had consistently higher sap flow at corresponding values of either sapwood cross-sectional area or foliage area. Larger trees displayed smaller differences than smaller trees, between the control and the CO2 spring trees. A strong association between foliage area and sapwood cross-sectional area was found in both the control and the CO2 spring trees, the latter supporting a smaller foliage area at the corresponding sapwood stem cross-sectional area. The specific leaf area (SLA) of the foliage was not influenced by site. The results are discussed in terms of the effects of elevated CO2 on plant water use at the organ and whole-tree scale.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regato, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castejon, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TELLA, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GIMÉNEZ, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BARRERA, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ROSSELLO, R ELENA-</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambios espaciales de las formaciones forestales mediterráneas ocurridos en los últimos cuarenta años</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">II Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pamplona</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">521-526</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Partial results obtained fram a Spanish forest fonnation dynamics study are presented. Seven land squares located in different land classes, have been diacranically analyzed using aerial photointerpretation and spatial analysis with G.1.S. techniques. As an overall trend, polarization in forest pattem evolution has been detected: Fragmentation and diversification have occurred in coastal and/or periurban areas, and homogenization and extensification have occurred in inner and remote areas.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez, A S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remmers, G G A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A landscape in transition: an historical perspective on a Spanish latifundist farm</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture, ecosystems &amp; environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecological agriculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">History</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land labourers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">91-105</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An agricultural landscape, as a social construction, is not static, but a reflection of the balance of social forces which influence the way in which the natural resources of the site are combined. To understand and evaluate the current configuration of a landscape, and to define and understand criteria according to which a future landscape may be designed, it is necessary to analyse its historical construction. In this paper we follow these steps, taking as a point of reference a farm in one of the most important agricultural regions of Spain, the Guadalquivir river valley in Andalucla. This region stands out for its high production potential, social inequity and environmental degradation. The paper describes global changes in the use of the land in this river valley over the past 3 centuries, and uses aerial photographs from 1956 and 1990 to outline changes on the 1150-ha Los Humosos farm, recently granted to a co-operative of land labourers after years of struggle for land. Through this change in tenure the criteria 'control' and 'distribution of benefits' are achieved. Nine other criteria derived from the historical analysis were used to compare four different farm design scenarios through multi-criteria programming, which was preceded by an assessment of the biogeophysical characteristics of the land. However, this appeared to be insufficient to cope with essential criteria such as landscape architecture and biodiversity, because minor landscape elements were neglected which are important starters for the design of an ecological infrastructure. Water, a problematic resource in Mediterranean agriculture, paradoxically turned out to be an important characteristic of these landscape elements. From historical, ecological and social perspectives, new proposals for farm landscape design must necessarily and radically break with the recent past. It appears, however, that to produce agricultural landscapes of quality in the Guadalquivir river valley would involve tough social struggle, that nonetheless is found to use the margins left over by the dominant socio-economic, cultural and political structures. Finally, an agro-ecological option is proposed as a transitional design</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hättenschwiler, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miglietta, Franco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raschi, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Körner, C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morphological adjustments of mature Quercus ilex trees to elevated CO 2</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">allometric adjustments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass allocation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">branch morphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">branching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf area</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural co 2 springs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">361-365</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is still not known whether mature forest trees respond to increasing atmospheric CO 2 concen- trations in similar ways as seedlings do. Mature Mediterranean oaks (Qaercus ilex) growing in a CO 2 enriched atmosphere around natural CO 2 vents since the seedling stage showed a moderate, age- dependent increase in stem biomass production, but had significantly lower biomass of 6-year-old branches, decreased branching, and lower leaf area per unit branch biomass, compared to control trees at a nearby unenriched site. Our data indicate that trees in natural forest stands morphologically adjust to increasing CO 2 and reduce COz-induced initial growth stimulations. Allometric adjustments such as reduction in leaf area may be regarded as a &quot;down-regulation&quot; of canopy photosynthesis and may be an effective mechanism for saving water.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hättenschwiler, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miglietta, Franco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raschi, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Körner, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morphological adjustments of mature Quercus ilex trees to elevated CO 2</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">allometric adjustments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biomass allocation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">branch morphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">branching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">leaf area</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural co 2 springs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1146609X97800264</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">361 - 365</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is still not known whether mature forest trees respond to increasing atmospheric CO 2 concen- trations in similar ways as seedlings do. Mature Mediterranean oaks (Qaercus ilex) growing in a CO 2 enriched atmosphere around natural CO 2 vents since the seedling stage showed a moderate, age- dependent increase in stem biomass production, but had significantly lower biomass of 6-year-old branches, decreased branching, and lower leaf area per unit branch biomass, compared to control trees at a nearby unenriched site. Our data indicate that trees in natural forest stands morphologically adjust to increasing CO 2 and reduce COz-induced initial growth stimulations. Allometric adjustments such as reduction in leaf area may be regarded as a &quot;down-regulation&quot; of canopy photosynthesis and may be an effective mechanism for saving water.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aranda, X</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hogan, K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llorens, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fleck, I</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex resprouts after fire: response to photoinhibition.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLANT PHYSIOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wild fire</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">114</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">417</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study was located on Serra del Garraf mountains, Barcelona, NE Spain, overlooking the Mediterranian sea at 530 m. On August 1995 a wild fire consumed 100 hectares of the forest. In spring 1996 four plots were set (100 x</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aranda, X.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hogan, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llorens, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fleck, I.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex resprouts after fire: response to photoinhibition.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLANT PHYSIOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wild fire</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">114</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study was located on Serra del Garraf mountains, Barcelona, NE Spain, overlooking the Mediterranian sea at 530 m. On August 1995 a wild fire consumed 100 hectares of the forest. In spring 1996 four plots were set (100 x</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3, S</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APSAPSThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855&lt;br/&gt;publisher: AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pausas, J G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resprouting of Quercus suber in NE Spain after fire</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disturbance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sprouting</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">703-706</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Many Mediterranean species have evolved strategies that allow them to survive periodic wildfires. Quercus suber trees resprout after fire, some from stem buds and others from basal buds only. In the former case the canopy recovers quickly. In the latter case the stem dies but the tree survives and regrows from basal sprouts. The probability of stem death and the degree of height recovery were studied after a fire in a Q. suber forest in NE Spain using logistic regression analysis. The results suggest that most trees survive after fire; the probability of stem death is negatively related to tree diameter; and recovery is positively related to tree diameter and to bark thickness. Implication for management and conservation of cork-oak forests are discussed.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catalan, R M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haeger, J F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Breeding patterns of the Great Tit (Parus major) in a pine plantation and a holm oak forest in a Mediterranean region (southern Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Revue d'Ecologie la Terre et la Vie</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">breeding pattenrns</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">great tits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nest-box</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parus major</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pine plantation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">341-357</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study compares breeding patterns of nestbox-breeding Great Tits (Parus major) between two adjacent forest habitats: a pine plantation and a Mediterranean helm oak Quercus rotundifolia forest. Breeding density increased in both forests when nestbox density was raised. The breeding season started earlier in the pinewood, but tended to end at the same time in both habitats. Reproductive effort was higher in the plantation as reflected in egg volume rather than clutch size. Time of season had an effect on clutch size but not on the size of the eggs which remained constant throughout the breeding season. Breeding success was associated with habitat, with both the number of fledglings and their weight being higher in the pinewood. These parameters showed a seasonal trend in the pinewood but not in the helm oak forest. Our results show that Great Tit achieves a higher reproductive performance in the pinewood in spite of its recent settling in this habitat.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gratani, L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf and shoot growth dynamics of Quercus ilex L.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GAUTHIER-VILLARS</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S P E S-JOURNAL DEPT, 120 BD ST GERMAIN, F-75006 PARIS, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17-27</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The vegetative activity of Quercus ilex L. takes place during the period of low water stress, directly following abundant rainfall at the end of winter. Low air temperature is the limiting factor for bud opening, while high air temperature influences specific leaf area (SLA) during the growth period. Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance increase with a rise in leaf temperature up to 25 degrees C; whereas they decrease when leaf temperature is about 30 degrees C (at the end of May) and below 18 degrees C (November). SLA increases from the low maquis to the shrubby layer of the forest in response to the decreasing irradiance. The pattern of SLA shows peak values after bud break, which then decrease to a constant value. Shrubs in the evergreen forest exhibit a high SLA in May as a result of a double increase in leaf area, while leaf dry weight changes only slighly during the first expansion. The maximum relative growth rate (RGR) in May-June causes the leaf to reach about 90% of its definitive size and structure before the period of drought stress, ensuring that leaf expansion (the time of the greatest nutritional demand) is not adversely affected. The summer air temperatures reduce the relative growth rate, but do not completely block leaf expansion until September-October. Intraspecific variation of SLA reflects the phenotypic plasticity of Quercus ilex in different habitats and demonstrates its ability to respond adequately to changing environmental factors by altering leaf morphology.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ojeda, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARAÑÓN, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arroyo, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patterns of ecological, chorological and taxonomic diversity at both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acid soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">endemism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heathland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morocco</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APELSINVAGEN 47, S 741 00 KNIVSTA, SWEDEN</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63-72</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diversity relations in Mediterranean heathlands and the understorey of oak woodlands on sandstone-derived substrates were studied at both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar. Trends in species composition and cover were analysed by Detrended Correspondence Analysis; the first axis, assumed to reflect a main environmental gradient, was used to analyse the patterns of three aspects of community diversity. Species richness, i.e. number of species along a 100-m transect, shows a humpbacked trend along the gradient, with the highest values in the understorey of evergreen Quercus suber woodlands, associated with soils of intermediate fertility and moisture status. The number of endemic species is highest in open heathlands, associated with more extreme conditions of acid, infertile soils on exposed ridges. The taxonomic singularity, as measured by the inverse of the average number of species per genus at each site, is highest at the most fertile and moist sites occupied by semideciduous Q. canariensis woodlands. A comparison between northern (Spanish) and southern (Moroccan) sides of the Strait of Gibraltar shows a general concordance of the trends of woody plant communities along the main environmental gradient. However, significant differences of the southern samples are: (1) lack of some differential, habitat-specific species and greater abundance of wide spread generalists; and (2) a general reduction in species diversity, number of endemics and taxonomic singularity. We interpret these differences as affected partly by the smaller extent and fragmentation of sandstone areas in the south, and partly by the higher impact of slashing and grazing there.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maillard, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casanova, J B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaillard, J M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Impact of feeding habits of Corsican red deer (Cervus elaphus corsicanus) on vegetation at Quenza Park in Corsica</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAMMALIA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arbutus unedo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calytcotome villosa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cervus elaphus corsicanus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cistus salviaefolius</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comsumption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">red deer</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MUSEUM NAT HIST NATURELLE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55 RUE DE BUFFON, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">363-372</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Following the translocation of Corsican red deer (Cervus elaphus corsicanus) in Quenza enclosures in 1985, we tried to assess the impact of red deer on woody mediterranean species. We found that sempervirent species with persistent leaves like Calytcotome villosa, Arbutus unedo, Quercus ilex and Cistus salviaefolius were eaten by deer all the year along. In fact, we identified three different categories of plant species according to the different levels of use by deer. A first groupe includes species highly and quickly consumed by deer like Calycotome villosa, Fraxinus ornus and Lonicera etrusca. These plants can even disappear when deer density becomes very high. A second group was composed of plant species red deer ate but searched for in a lesser extent like Arbutus unedo and Quercus ilex. Consumption of some of them showed a peak during summer (Rosa canina and Rubus sp.). in the last groupe, we pooled species weakly consumed by red deer, like Erica arborea and Cistus salviaefolius.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Debussche, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isenmann, P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIRD-DISPERSED SEED RAIN AND SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT IN PATCHY MEDITERRANEAN VEGETATION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OIKOS</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bird dispersers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fleshy-fruited</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">France</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedlings</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">69</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">414 - 426</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The composition and spatial patterns of the seed rain produced by bird dispersers and of the seedlings of fleshy-fruited plants have been studied in patchy Mediterranean vegetation in southern France. The seeds of fleshy-fruited plants were collected in seed traps during a 17-month period (1981-1983) and the fecal samples of bird dispersers mist-netted on the same 2.5-ha site over a 25-month period (1981-1984) were analysed. The locations of the 5 sets of seed traps and the 6 mist-nets were chosen in order to take into account the various plant communities and the successional gradient from old fields to Quercus ilex coppice. Seedling establishment of fleshy-fruited plants was censused in 1983 adjacent to the seed traps. In 1992 seedlings were again censused in the open coppice and in the old fields. The seeds of 38 fleshy-fruited plants were collected, including 13 alien and cultivated species. Among them, 25 species were dispersed by Sylvia atricapilla, which dispersed the most diverse and mixed seed rain of the various bird dispersers. Species richness of the seed rain increased log-linearly with seed density, ranging from 3 to 21 species per 0.25 m2. Seed density was very heterogeneous in space. The maximum density of seeds was observed under the canopy of isolated trees and saplings in the old fields (up to 829 per 0.25 m2) which are the favoured perching places for the dispersers. Minimum density was observed in the same old fields outside the canopy of these same trees and saplings (down to 12 per 0.25 m2). In the Quercus ilex coppice, the higher the canopy, the higher the seed density. Dispersal was a short distance process. A large majority of the seeds of Pyracantha coccinea and Sambucus nigra were dispersed by birds less than 100 m from the maternal plant. However, a dispersal distance of &gt; 300 m was observed for a seed of Ligustrum vulgare, In 1983 the &lt; 1 yr-old seedlings of 17 fleshy-fruited plants, including only one alien species, and the 1-2 yr-old seedlings of 7 native species were censused. Though important components of the seed rain, no 1-2 yr-old seedlings of several alien (e.g. Pyracantha coccinea) or native (e.g. Rhus coriaria) species were observed in the studied vegetation. Seedlings were more numerous under tree cover than in the coppice clearings. In the old fields, &lt; 1 yr-old seedlings were more numerous under the canopy than in open areas. No such difference was observed under saplings in 1983 and very few seedlings were observed in the old fields. The 1992 census suggested that the positive role of the cover of pioneer plants on seedling establishment progressively increased with successional development. This is probably due to an increase in the nurse effect and a decrease in the herbaceous cover under the canopy. It is suggested that. in old fields. the establishment of fleshy-fruited plants is favoured when seeds are deposited under pioneer woody plants rather than in open areas. The bird dispersers thus trigger dynamic processes initiated by the pioneer woody plants in Mediterranean old field succession. More generally, dispersal of fleshy-fruited plants by birds is more significant in the central stages of succession gradient than it is in open herbaceous communities and in dense forest when both have an homogeneous structure.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APSAPSThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK&lt;br/&gt;publisher: MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bussotti, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BROGI, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grossoni, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COZZI, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GELLINI, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CROWN STRUCTURE MODIFICATIONS IN RELATION TO AIR-POLLUTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crown structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest formations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">167 - 173</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of crown structure and crown modifications plays a role of primary importance in surveys of `new types of forest damage', since it is a decisive parameter in assessing the health status of a tree. Several forms of ramification alterations have been described in central and northern European species (Norway spruce, beech, Durmast oak, English oak, birch). This study examines the situation in Tuscany and offers a description of the alterations found in the main species typical of the Mediterranean region (Turkey oak, pubescent oak, holm oak, stone pine). The article discusses the potential impact of these alterations on the most typical forest formations, the ones which characterize the Tuscan landscape, and it describes the modifications already under way.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS&lt;br/&gt;publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bussotti, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BROGI, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grossoni, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cozzi, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GELLINI, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CROWN STRUCTURE MODIFICATIONS IN RELATION TO AIR-POLLUTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crown structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest formations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">167-173</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of crown structure and crown modifications plays a role of primary importance in surveys of `new types of forest damage', since it is a decisive parameter in assessing the health status of a tree. Several forms of ramification alterations have been described in central and northern European species (Norway spruce, beech, Durmast oak, English oak, birch). This study examines the situation in Tuscany and offers a description of the alterations found in the main species typical of the Mediterranean region (Turkey oak, pubescent oak, holm oak, stone pine). The article discusses the potential impact of these alterations on the most typical forest formations, the ones which characterize the Tuscan landscape, and it describes the modifications already under way.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MUNOZPULIDO, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NAVESO, M. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF FOOD ABUNDANCE AND HABITAT STRUCTURE ON SEED-EATING RODENTS IN SPAIN WINTERING IN MAN-MADE HABITATS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SAUGETIERKUNDE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MAMMALIAN BIOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">abundance patterns</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn predation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montado</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rodents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">302 - 311</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The patterns of abundance and seed (acorn) predation races were analyzed in granivorous rodents (mainly the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus L.) wintering in two man-made habitats: cereal croplands, and a kind of wood-pasture exclusive to the western Mediterranean basin, the dehesas. Both seed (acorn) abundance ana vegetation structure were also measured. Within dehesas, neither rodent abundance nor acorn predation rates were related to acorn abundance, whereas there Tvas a significant. association between rodent abundance and shrub cover at the end of winter. These results were coincident with previous findings in croplands. Both rodent abundances and seed predation rates were lower in dehesas than in croplands, despite the better structural and trophic conditions of the first habitat for rodents (larger shrub cover and food abundance). However, the body condition of animals was better in dehesas, to the extent that we found strong evidence for mincer reproduction. Rodent predator communities appear to be more diverse and denser in dehesas than in croplands. This suggests a heavier predation pressure in dehesas which would have culled rodent populations in such a way chat food Tvas plentiful for survivors, rhus explaining their scarcity, good body condition, and low dependence on food resources.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APSAPSThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY&lt;br/&gt;publisher: GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diaz, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MUNOZPULIDO, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NAVESO, M A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EFFECTS OF FOOD ABUNDANCE AND HABITAT STRUCTURE ON SEED-EATING RODENTS IN SPAIN WINTERING IN MAN-MADE HABITATS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SAUGETIERKUNDE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MAMMALIAN BIOLOGY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">abundance patterns</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn predation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montado</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rodents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">302-311</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The patterns of abundance and seed (acorn) predation races were analyzed in granivorous rodents (mainly the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus L.) wintering in two man-made habitats: cereal croplands, and a kind of wood-pasture exclusive to the western Mediterranean basin, the dehesas. Both seed (acorn) abundance ana vegetation structure were also measured. Within dehesas, neither rodent abundance nor acorn predation rates were related to acorn abundance, whereas there Tvas a significant. association between rodent abundance and shrub cover at the end of winter. These results were coincident with previous findings in croplands. Both rodent abundances and seed predation rates were lower in dehesas than in croplands, despite the better structural and trophic conditions of the first habitat for rodents (larger shrub cover and food abundance). However, the body condition of animals was better in dehesas, to the extent that we found strong evidence for mincer reproduction. Rodent predator communities appear to be more diverse and denser in dehesas than in croplands. This suggests a heavier predation pressure in dehesas which would have culled rodent populations in such a way chat food Tvas plentiful for survivors, rhus explaining their scarcity, good body condition, and low dependence on food resources.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Debussche, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isenmann, P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A MEDITERRANEAN BIRD DISPERSER ASSEMBLAGE - COMPOSITION AND PHENOLOGY IN RELATION TO FRUIT AVAILABILITY</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REVUE D ECOLOGIE-LA TERRE ET LA VIE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">birds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dispersal system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evergreen woodlands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">411 - 432</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study deals with a fleshy-fruited plant-bird dispersal system at a site in Mediterranean France, characterized by Quercus ilex coppices, shrublands and old fields. Among the 19 bird dispersers recorded, 14 were of small size (&lt; 25 g), with Sylvia atricapilla, Erithacus rubecula and S. melanocephala accounting for 86.6 % of those caught in mist nets. The importance of small-sized dispersers seems to characterize the Mediterranean shrublands and evergreen woodlands in the whole of the temperate systems. The highest numbers of dispersers occurred from October to January. The seeds of 38 fleshy-fuited plants (native, cultivated and alien) were collected in seed traps. Seed rain occurred throughout the year except in May, with a maximum fruiting period extending from September to early December and the greatest number of native species being dispersed in October. When we compare our data to those collected in Spain, England and Sweden a shift of the peak of fruit availability in relation to latitude (the higher the latitude the earlier the peak) is very likely in Europe. Such a shift is obvious in the United States. We suggest that 1) this shift is the result of climatic constraints on plants rather than that of the selective pressures of dispersers, and 2) that the coincidence between high fruit availability and dispersers' abundance can simply result from the opportunist behaviour of frugivorous birds.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keys: APSKeys: APSThe following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 57 RUE CUVIER, 75005 PARIS 5, FRANCE&lt;br/&gt;publisher: SOC NATL PROTECTION NATURE ACCLIMATATION FRANCE</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beyschlag, Wolfram</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pfanz, Hardy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryel, Ronald J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Botanik, Lehrstuhl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universitfit, I. I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dallenbergweg, Mittlerer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Republic, Federal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science, Range</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal patchiness in Mediterranean evergreen sclerophylls Phenomenology and consequences for the interpretation of the midday depression in photosynthesis and transpiration</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Planta</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arbutus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sclerophyll</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stomate (control-patchiness)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">546 - 553</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Midday depression of net photosynthesis and transpiration in the Mediterranean sclerophylls Arbutus unedo L. and Quercus suber L. occurs with a depression of mesophyll photosynthetic activity as indicated by cal- culated carboxylation efficiency (CE) and constant diur- nal calculated leaf intercellular partial pressure of CO 2 (Ci). This work examines the hypothesis that this midday depression can be explained by the distribution of patches of either wide-open or closed stomata on the leaf surface, independent of a coupling mechanism between stomata and mesophyll that results in a midday depres- sion of photosynthetic activity of the mesophyll. Pressure infiltration of four liquids differing in their surface ten- sion was used as a method to show the occurrence of stomatal patchiness and to determine the status of sto- matal aperture within the patches. Liquids were selected such that the threshold leaf conductance necessary for infiltration through the stomatal pores covered the ex- pected diurnal range of calculated leaf conductance (g) for these species. Infiltration experiments were carried out with leaves of potted plants under simulated Mediterranean summer conditions in a growth chamber. For all four liquids, leaves of both species were found to be fully infiltratable in the morning and in the late after- noon while during the periods leading up to and away from midday the leaves showed a pronounced patchy distribution of infiltratable and non-infiltratable areas. Similar linear relationships between the amount of liquid infiltrated and g (measured by porometry prior to de- tachment and infiltration) for all liquids clearly revealed the existence of pneumatically isolated patches containing only wide-open or closed stomata. The good correspon- dence between the midday depression of CE, calculated * Dedicated to Professor Otto L. Lange on the occasion of his 65th birthday ** To whom correspondence should be addressed Abbreviations: A = net photosynthesis rate; Ci = actual leaf internal CO2 partial pressure; Ci *=apparent leaf internal CO2 partial pressure; CE = actual carboxylation efficiency; CE* = apparent car- boxylation efficiency; E = transpiration rate; g = leaf conductance under the assumption of no stomatal patchiness, and the diurnal changes in non-infiltratable leaf area strongly indicates that the apparent reduction in mesophyll activ- ity results from assuming no stomatal patchiness. It is suggested that simultaneous responses of stomata and mesophyll activity reported for other species may also be attributed to the occurrence of stomatal patchiness. In Quercus coccifera L., where the lack of constant diurnal calculated C i and major depression of measured CE at noontime indicates different stomatal behavior, non- linear and dissimilar relationships between g and the infiltratable quantities of the four liquids were found. This indicates a wide distribution of stomatal aperture on the leaf surface rather than only wide-open or closed stomata.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALVAREZ, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARTINEZ, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARTINEZ, E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WINTER DIET OF RED DEER STAG (CERVUS-ELAPHUS L) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO MORPHOLOGY AND HABITAT IN CENTRAL SPAIN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOLIA ZOOLOGICA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diet</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">red deer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INST VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KVETNA 8, BRNO, CZECH REPUBLIC 603 65</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">117-130</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The winter diet of red deer stags in a mediterranean environment of Central Spain is studied. Tree foliage and shrubs made up 95.5% of the diet, particularly Quercus rotundifolia (35.4%). Arbutus unedo (19.7%), Rosmarinus officinalis (9.4%), Phillyrea angustifolia (7%), Erica spp. and Cistus ladanifer. Herbaceous species formed 4% of the diet, mainly in a dry condition. There was a high similarity between the diets in the two periods studied, December and the end of January, with greater diversity in December. In January, the dominance of Quercus rotundifolia and Arbutus unedo increased. A relationship was detected of diet with body weight and antler growth. The largest animals consumed Arbutus unedo heavily, indicating a preference for forest understories with dense developed shrubs in mountain areas, while the smaller individuals associated with Erica umbellata, Phillyrea angustifolia and herbaceous species, had a wider diet niche and occupied less sheltered zones.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Correia, T Pinto</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land abandonment : Changes in the land use patterns around the Mediterranean basin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Options Méditerranéennes</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">extensification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land abandonment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">marginalization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97-112</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper focuses on land abandonmenitn the EEC Mediterranean regions, where the phenomenon, in its actual extension and its trends towards aggravation, demands urgent monitoring and management. The causes and processes of land abandonment are analyzed, as well as the consequences at landscape and ecological level. Depending also on the socio-economic context, new strategies for land management are outlined.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blondel, Jacques</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farré, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The convergent trajectories of bird communities along ecological successions in european forests</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological succession</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">historical biogeography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">speciation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1988</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1988///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/X8180240P103025N.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83 - 93</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There is much more variation in the composition of bird communities in the earlier open and semi-open seral stages of ecological successions in forested landscapes of Europe than later on in preforested and forested climactic stages. The demonstration of this trend is achieved from the study of four habitat gradients, two in the mediterra- nean region (Provence and Corsica) and two in central Eu- rope (Burgundy, France and Poland). A multivariate analy- sis has been used to illustrate the dynamics of communities along these successions. Displays of the results in bivariate space as well as an illustration of the distributional profiles of some of the most characteristic species show that: i) there is a discrimination between the two mediterranean gradients and the two medioeuropean ones and ii) each succession starts with a very distinct set of species and then the four gradients regularly converge in the last climactic stage where there is almost no discrimination between com- munities. These results are discussed in the light of the histo- ry of European biotas during the Pleistocene. The reason why there is more variation in species composition in the earlier seral stages than in the later forested stages are dis- cussed according to current theories on the role of habitat selection on speciation processes.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PEINADOLUCENA, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GOMEZCASTRO, A G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RODRIGUEZBERROCAL, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEDINACARNICER, Y M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEDITERRANEAN SHRUBBY VEGETATION AND ITS VALORATION .6. EVOLUTION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF QUERCUS-ILEX L</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ARCHIVOS DE ZOOTECNIA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shrubby vegetation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1978</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INST ZOOTECNIA</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA AVDA DE MADINA AZAHARAG, CORDOBA, SPAIN</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127-131</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HUNDT, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EINIGE BEOBACHTUNGEN UBER DIE HOHENSTUFEN-DIFFERENZIERUNG DER MAHWIESEN IN DER MEDITERRANEN QUERCUS ILEX-STUFE VON MONTPELLIER</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VEGETATIO</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montpellier</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1961</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">395-404</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Während eines Studienaufenthaltes in der Station Internationale de G6obotanique M6diterran6enne et Alpine in Montpellier hatte ich auf mehreren Exkursionen in die Umgebung von Montpellier und in die Stid-Sevennen Gelegenheit, u.a. einige Beobachtungen tiber die H6hen- stufen-Differenzierung der M~ihwiesen in der Mediterran-Region dieses Gebietes anzustellen. Herin Prof. Dr. BRAuN-BLA~QUET m6chte ich an dieser Stelle ftir die Einftihrung in die Mediterranvegetation der Provence und ftir die zahlreichen vegetationskundlichen Anregungen recht herzlich danken. Mein Dank gilt auch Herrn Prof. Dr. MeusEL, der durch seine Fiirsprache den Studienaufenthalt ermörglichte.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APS</style></research-notes></record></records></xml>