<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil-Romera, Graciela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González-Sampériz, Penélope</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lasheras-Álvarez, Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sevilla-Callejo, Miguel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valero-Garcés, Blas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López-Merino, Lourdes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrión, José S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérez Sanz, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aranbarri, Josu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Prieto Fronce, Eduardo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biomass-modulated fire dynamics during the last glacial-interglacial transition at the Central Pyrenees (Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire history</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">historical biogeography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iberian peninsula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">l Palaeoecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lateglacia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quaternary</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">402</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113-124</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding long-term fire ecology is essential for current day interpretation of ecosystem fire responses. However palaeoecology of fire is still poorly understood, especially at high-altitude mountain environments, despite the fact that these are fire-sensitive ecosystems and their resilience might be affected by changing fire regimes. We reconstruct wildfire occurrence since the Lateglacial (14.7calka BP) to the Mid-Holocene (6calka BP) and investigate the climate–fuel–fire relationships in a sedimentary sequence located at the treeline in the Central Spanish Pyrenees. Pollen, macro- and micro-charcoal were analysed for the identification of fire events (FE) in order to detect vegetation post-fire response and to define biomass–fire interactions. mean fire intervals (mfi) reduced since the Lateglacial, peaking at 9–7.7calka BP while from 7.7 to 6calka BP no fire is recorded. We hypothesise that Early Holocene maximum summer insolation, as climate forcing, and mesophyte forest expansion, as a fuel-creating factor, were responsible for accelerating fire occurrence in the Central Pyrenees treeline. We also found that fire had long-lasting negative effects on most of the treeline plant communities and that forest contraction from 7.7calka BP is likely linked to the ecosystem's threshold response to high fire frequencies.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrión, J. S. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiménez-Moreno, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fauquette, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil-Romera, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González-Sampériz, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finlayson, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The historical origins of aridity and vegetation degradation in southeastern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Arid Environments</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">historical biogeography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">palaeoecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quaternary</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tertiary</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140196308003595</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">731 - 736</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The complex relationships within modern landscapes cannot be understood without the beneﬁt of retrospective studies. We review palaeoenvironmental data for southeastern Spain, a landscape vulnerable to desertiﬁcation and with antiquity of human pressure on the landscape. A xerophytic component is discernible in the pollen diagrams of the southeastern peninsula ever since the Middle Miocene. During glacial stages of the Pleistocene, mountain grasslands and lowland steppes expanded, but tree vegetation, although episodically contracted, was ever present across the region, explaining part of the modern plant-species diversity. The magnitude of human impacts on vegetation during the Holocene has been highly variable, starting earlier (e.g. after c. 5000 cal years BP) in low-elevation areas and river basins. Forest degradation of the mountains started rather late during the Argaric period, and reached its maximum during the Roman occupation. Over the last millennia, natural and/or human-set ﬁres, combined with overgrazing, probably have pushed forests over a threshold leading to the spread of grassland, thorny scrub, junipers, and nitrophilous communities. The high degree of xerophytization observed today in southeastern Spain results from the long-term determinism of the Mid to Late Holocene climate aridiﬁcation, and the contingency of historical factors like ﬁre events and changes in prehistoric local economies involving resource exhaustion.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández, Santiago</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fuentes, Noemí</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrión, José S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González-Sampériz, Penélope</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montoya, Encarna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil, Graciela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vega-Toscano, Gerardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Riquelme, José a.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Holocene and Upper Pleistocene pollen sequence of Carihuela Cave, southern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geobios</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">historical biogeography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">palaeoecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Upper Pleistocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation history</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75-90</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new pollen sequence (ca. 15,700–1250 yr BP) is presented for three stratigraphical sections of Carihuela Cave (Granada, southeastern Spain), thus completing a record that covers from the last Interglacial to late Holocene. The Late Glacial is characterized by open landscapes with junipers and early colonisation of Quercus, while the Holocene is depicted by mixed oak forests, with a diversity of broad-leaf trees and scrub, which decrease after ca. 5470 yr BP synchronously with the expansion of xerophytes and occurrence of indicators of anthropogenic disturbance. The whole pollen record of Carihuela ﬁts into the general trends described for reference pollen sites of southern Europe, including Padul in the province of Granada, and other sequences from Mediterranean Spain, through which the heterogeneity of environmental change increases from mid to late Holocene. We conclude that, in contrast with other regions of Spain, deciduous Quercus-dominated forests are very old in eastern Andalusia, thus conﬂicting with ﬂoristic phytosociological models of vegetation change that imply that monospeciﬁc Q. ilex/ rotundifolia woodlands are the potential mature forest in the region. Dating results suggest that the last Neanderthals of Carihuela lived between ca. 28,440 and 21,430 yr BP, which agrees with the postulation that southern Spain was the latest refugium for this human species in Europe</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández, Santiago</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fuentes, Noemí</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrión, José S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González-Sampériz, Penélope</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montoya, Encarna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gil, Graciela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vega-Toscano, Gerardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Riquelme, José a</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Holocene and Upper Pleistocene pollen sequence of Carihuela Cave, southern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geobios</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">historical biogeography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">palaeoecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Upper Pleistocene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation history</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016699506001033</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75 - 90</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A new pollen sequence (ca. 15,700–1250 yr BP) is presented for three stratigraphical sections of Carihuela Cave (Granada, southeastern Spain), thus completing a record that covers from the last Interglacial to late Holocene. The Late Glacial is characterized by open landscapes with junipers and early colonisation of Quercus, while the Holocene is depicted by mixed oak forests, with a diversity of broad-leaf trees and scrub, which decrease after ca. 5470 yr BP synchronously with the expansion of xerophytes and occurrence of indicators of anthropogenic disturbance. The whole pollen record of Carihuela ﬁts into the general trends described for reference pollen sites of southern Europe, including Padul in the province of Granada, and other sequences from Mediterranean Spain, through which the heterogeneity of environmental change increases from mid to late Holocene. We conclude that, in contrast with other regions of Spain, deciduous Quercus-dominated forests are very old in eastern Andalusia, thus conﬂicting with ﬂoristic phytosociological models of vegetation change that imply that monospeciﬁc Q. ilex/ rotundifolia woodlands are the potential mature forest in the region. Dating results suggest that the last Neanderthals of Carihuela lived between ca. 28,440 and 21,430 yr BP, which agrees with the postulation that southern Spain was the latest refugium for this human species in Europe</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrión, J S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parra, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Navarro, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Munuera, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Past distribution and ecology of the cork oak (Quercus suber) in the Iberian Peninsula: a pollen-analytical approach</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diversity and Distributions</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">historical biogeography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iberian peninsula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">palaeoecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29-44</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study presents pollen-analytical data from continental and offshore Iberian Peninsula sites that include pollen curves of Quercus suber, to provide information on the past distribution and ecology of the cork oak (Q. suber). Results centre on a new pollen record of Navarrés (Valencia, eastern Spain), which shows that the cork oak survived regionally during the Upper Pleistocene and was important during a mid-Holocene replacement of a local pine forest by Quercus-dominated communities. This phenomenon appears linked to the recurrence of ﬁre and reinforces the value of the cork oak for reforestation programmes in ﬁre-prone areas. In addition to Navarrés, other Late Quaternary pollen sequences (Sobrestany, CasablancaAlmenara, Padul, SU 8103, SU8113, 8057B) suggest last glacial survival of the cork oak in southern and coastal areas of the Peninsula and North Africa. Important developments also occur from the Late Glacial to the middle Holocene, not only in the west but also in the eastern Peninsula. It is suggested that, in the absence of human inﬂuence, Q. suber would develop in non-monospeciﬁc forests, sharing the arboreal stratum both with other sclerophyllous and deciduous Quercus and Pinus species</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrión, J. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parra, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Navarro, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Munuera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Past distribution and ecology of the cork oak (Quercus suber) in the Iberian Peninsula: a pollen-analytical approach</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diversity and Distributions</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cork oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">historical biogeography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iberian peninsula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">palaeoecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1472-4642.2000.00070.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29 - 44</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study presents pollen-analytical data from continental and offshore Iberian Peninsula sites that include pollen curves of Quercus suber, to provide information on the past distribution and ecology of the cork oak (Q. suber). Results centre on a new pollen record of Navarrés (Valencia, eastern Spain), which shows that the cork oak survived regionally during the Upper Pleistocene and was important during a mid-Holocene replacement of a local pine forest by Quercus-dominated communities. This phenomenon appears linked to the recurrence of ﬁre and reinforces the value of the cork oak for reforestation programmes in ﬁre-prone areas. In addition to Navarrés, other Late Quaternary pollen sequences (Sobrestany, CasablancaAlmenara, Padul, SU 8103, SU8113, 8057B) suggest last glacial survival of the cork oak in southern and coastal areas of the Peninsula and North Africa. Important developments also occur from the Late Glacial to the middle Holocene, not only in the west but also in the eastern Peninsula. It is suggested that, in the absence of human inﬂuence, Q. suber would develop in non-monospeciﬁc forests, sharing the arboreal stratum both with other sclerophyllous and deciduous Quercus and Pinus species</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ojeda, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arroyo, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARAÑON, T.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity components and conservation of mediterranean healthlands in Southern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acid soils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">endemism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gibraltar Strait</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">historical biogeography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/000632079400064W</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61 - 72</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity is a complex issue which has frequently been extremely simplified both by equating it with species richness, and by addressing it at the level of regional floras or faunas. In this paper we carry out a detailed assessment of biodiversity for conservation of Mediterranean heathlands and related woodland understoreys on acidic ‘islands’ in the Gibraltar Strait region which are remarkable for their high species richness, high endemism and low ratio of species per genus. The relationship between the cover of woody plant species and environmental variables was studied by multivariate (DCCA) analysis of 30 samples. Species richness shows a unimodal relationship along the main environmental gradient primarily determined by physiological tolerance to low pH and ecological competition. Quercus suber woodland understoreys under intermediate environmental conditions are highest in species richness. Woody plant species are assigned to one of seven types of geographic ranges, and distributional spectra of community samples are represented. Open heathlands on nutrient-poor soils on mountain ridges are highest in endemism. Species distinctness was estimated as the inverse of the average number of species per genus (‘taxonomic singularity’) within the Mediterranean Basin, Ibero-North African and Southwestern Spain ranges. Quercus canariensis woodland understoreys on more fertile soils on valley bottoms present the highest taxonomic singularity. The analysis at the community level of the three proposed biodiversity components (species richness, endemism richness and taxonomic singularity) is interpreted with the aim of formulating sound conservation strategies of the communities examined. Although we use communities in the Gibraltar Strait area as a particular case study, we suggest that this methodology would help conservation efforts in other areas.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ojeda, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arroyo, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARAÑÓN, T</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity components and conservation of mediterranean healthlands in Southern Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acid soils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">endemism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gibraltar Strait</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">historical biogeography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61-72</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity is a complex issue which has frequently been extremely simplified both by equating it with species richness, and by addressing it at the level of regional floras or faunas. In this paper we carry out a detailed assessment of biodiversity for conservation of Mediterranean heathlands and related woodland understoreys on acidic ‘islands’ in the Gibraltar Strait region which are remarkable for their high species richness, high endemism and low ratio of species per genus. The relationship between the cover of woody plant species and environmental variables was studied by multivariate (DCCA) analysis of 30 samples. Species richness shows a unimodal relationship along the main environmental gradient primarily determined by physiological tolerance to low pH and ecological competition. Quercus suber woodland understoreys under intermediate environmental conditions are highest in species richness. Woody plant species are assigned to one of seven types of geographic ranges, and distributional spectra of community samples are represented. Open heathlands on nutrient-poor soils on mountain ridges are highest in endemism. Species distinctness was estimated as the inverse of the average number of species per genus (‘taxonomic singularity’) within the Mediterranean Basin, Ibero-North African and Southwestern Spain ranges. Quercus canariensis woodland understoreys on more fertile soils on valley bottoms present the highest taxonomic singularity. The analysis at the community level of the three proposed biodiversity components (species richness, endemism richness and taxonomic singularity) is interpreted with the aim of formulating sound conservation strategies of the communities examined. Although we use communities in the Gibraltar Strait area as a particular case study, we suggest that this methodology would help conservation efforts in other areas.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blondel, Jacques</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farré, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The convergent trajectories of bird communities along ecological successions in european forests</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological succession</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">historical biogeography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">speciation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1988</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1988///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/X8180240P103025N.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83 - 93</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There is much more variation in the composition of bird communities in the earlier open and semi-open seral stages of ecological successions in forested landscapes of Europe than later on in preforested and forested climactic stages. The demonstration of this trend is achieved from the study of four habitat gradients, two in the mediterra- nean region (Provence and Corsica) and two in central Eu- rope (Burgundy, France and Poland). A multivariate analy- sis has been used to illustrate the dynamics of communities along these successions. Displays of the results in bivariate space as well as an illustration of the distributional profiles of some of the most characteristic species show that: i) there is a discrimination between the two mediterranean gradients and the two medioeuropean ones and ii) each succession starts with a very distinct set of species and then the four gradients regularly converge in the last climactic stage where there is almost no discrimination between com- munities. These results are discussed in the light of the histo- ry of European biotas during the Pleistocene. The reason why there is more variation in species composition in the earlier seral stages than in the later forested stages are dis- cussed according to current theories on the role of habitat selection on speciation processes.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>