<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leeuwen, E. P. Van</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hendriks, KCMA</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of environmental stress on forest crown condition in Europe. Part II: Estimation of stress induced by meteorology and air pollutants</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water, Air, &amp; Soil Pollution</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acidity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">air pollution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ammonia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">atmospheric deposition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Base cations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">deposition model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nitrogen oxides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ozone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sulphur</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">temperature stress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water balance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/U4GG79415253037M.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">335 - 362</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In order to assess the relationship between environmental stress and crown condition of forest trees monitored since 1986 in Europe, estimates of stress factors, including temperature stress, drought stress and air pollution stress, were derived with the best data, methods and models currently available. This paper presents information on the methods used to derive such stress factors, and on the overall ranges, the temporal trends, the spatial distribution and the reliability of the calculated stress factors. The temperature stress indices did not show much temporal variation between 1985 to 1995. As expected spatial patterns were north-south orientated, going from colder northern regions to warmer southern regions. The calculated relative transpiration showed a more complex pattern, coinciding to a large extend with patterns of rainfall and temperature. Potential acid deposition decreased between 1986 and 1992, but remained fairly constant after 1992. The strong decrease was mainly the result of the decrease in SOx deposition, and to a small decrease in NOy deposition. Highest levels of the S and N deposition were calculated in Central and Western Europe. Base cation deposition was largest in coastal areas and in southern Europe. This is mainly due to soil dust, Sahara dust and sea salt. Base cation deposition can compensate almost entirely for the potential inputs in the south of Europe, whereas in central Europe it equalled about 25% of the potential acid input. A comparison between site speciﬁc modelled deposition and deposition derived from throughfall data showed that the total acid deposition is usually overestimated by the model, whereas the total nitrogen deposition is underestimated, especially at plots with high nitrogen loads. There is, however, a signiﬁcant correlation between measured and modelled data for all S and N deposition, thus allowing their use in a statistical analyses.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paoletti, Elena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of acidity and detergent on in vitro pollen germination and tube growth in forest tree species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree Physiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acidity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">detergent (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollen germination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tube elongation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">357-366</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The presence of 1 to 3 mg 1−1 sodium dodecylbenzensulfonate detergent, or a growth medium pH of 4.0–5.0, inhibited pollen germination and pollen tube elongation more in broad-leaved trees than in conifers. In the broad-leaved species, pollen germination and pollen tube elongation showed similar sensitivities to detergent and acidity, whereas in the conifers, pollen tube elongation was more sensitive than pollen germination to detergent and acidity. Although the germination percentage was low, conifer pollen germinated in the presence of detergent concentrations up to 15 mg l−1 and at acidities as low as pH 2.5 or 3.0. Pollen germination of most broad-leaved species was completely inhibited in the presence of detergent concentrations of more than 3–5 mg l−1; the only exceptions were some entomophilous species (e.g., Salix caprea L.) in which the ability of the pollen to germinate in high pollutant concentrations could be related to the presence of tryphyne.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/10.4.357</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/treephys/10.4.357</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paoletti, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Udisti, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pantani, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbolani, E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elemental leaching from Quercus ilex L. in response to simulated acidic fog</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water, Air, &amp; Soil Pollution</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acidity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cations (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">foliar leaching</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35-46</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex L. seedlings were intermittently exposed to simulated acidic and non-acidic fogs in 6-hr events for 16 times. After a 1-mo break, treatments were carried out again for a 5 day period. Strong acidity neutralization, weak acidity release and cation leaching from foliage and stem were determined. Leaching of AI, Cu, Mn, Fe, Cd, Pb, Ca, Mg, and K increased in response to acid treatment. This effect was less marked for Na. A positive correlation between H ÷ uptake and cation leaching was found. Cationic release and neutralization of strong acidity increased after breaks in acid treatment, but this faculty and the a m o u n t of leached cations and neutralized acidity decreased with time. The stem showed a higher cation loss and higher buffer capacity than the leaves.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>