<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-Martínez, Marcos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belmonte, Jordina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARÍA ESPELTA, JOSEP</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Masting in oaks: Disentangling the effect of flowering phenology, airborne pollen load and drought</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorns</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pollination efﬁciency hypothesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus spp.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resource-based hypotheses</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1146609X12000586</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51 - 59</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus species exhibit an extreme inter-annual variability in seed production often synchronized over large geographical areas (masting). Since this reproductive behavior is mostly observed in anemophilous plants, pollination efﬁciency is suggested as one hypothesis to explain it, although resource-based hypotheses are also suggested as alternatives. We analyzed the effect of ﬂowering phenology, airborne pollen presence and meteorological conditions in the pattern of acorn production in mixed evergreendeciduous oak forests (Quercus ilex and Quercus pubescens) in NE Spain for twelve years (1998e2009). In both oaks, higher temperatures advanced the onset of ﬂowering and increased the amount of airborne pollen. Nevertheless, inter-annual differences in pollen production did not inﬂuence acorn crop size. Acorn production was enhanced by a delay in ﬂowering onset in Q. ilex but not in Q. pubescens. This suggests that in perennial oaks a larger number of photosynthates produced before ﬂowering could beneﬁt reproduction while the lack of effects on deciduous oaks could be because these species ﬂush new leaves and ﬂowers at the same time. Notwithstanding this effect, spring water deﬁcit was the most relevant factor in explaining inter-annual variability in acorn production in both species. Considering that future climate scenarios predict progressive warmer and dryer spring seasons in the Mediterranean Basin, this might result in earlier onsets of ﬂowering and higher water deﬁcits that would constrain acorn production.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urbieta, Itziar R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, Luis V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zavala, MIGUEL a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marañón, Teodoro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean pine and oak distribution in southern Spain: Is there a mismatch between regeneration and adult distribution?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Vegetation Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Distribution range</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niche expansion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinus spp.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus spp.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">regeneration dynamics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18-31</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questions: What is the current distribution of pine and oak species along environmental gradients in southern Spain? Do pine and oak regeneration niches differ from the environmental niches of adults? Is oak species regeneration favoured under the canopy of pine forests? Location: Forest areas of Andalusia (∼87 600 km2, southern Spain). Methods: We compiled extensive forest inventory data to explore differences in abundance (basal area, m2 ha−1) patterns of adults (dbh &gt;7.4 cm) and regeneration (dbh ≤7.4 cm) of five pine and five oak species. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and generalized linear models were applied to explore species–environment relationships along climatic, edaphic, topographic and fire-frequency gradients. Results: Both pines and oaks segregated along complex environmental gradients, with pines generally dominating in more severe (colder and drier) environments, while oaks dominated in milder, wetter winter areas. In 40-55% of mature pine stands there was a lack of regeneration in the understorey, while in two oak species (Q. suber and Q. canariensis) 70% of stands did not show regeneration. Pine recruits were found at a higher frequency and abundance under the canopy of their congeners, whereas some oaks (Q. ilex) had greater regeneration under mixed pine–oak canopies. Conclusions: Climatic limitations and soil properties partly explained the regional distribution of pines and oaks. We found evidence for an upward shift of Q. ilex recruits towards areas with colder conditions in pine forests, which could be explained by a possible facilitative effect of the pine canopy on seedling establishment.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pignone, Domenico</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laghetti, Gaetano</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">On sweet acorn (Quercus spp.) cake tradition in Italian cultural and ethnic islands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acorn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cultural islands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethnobotany</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neglected food</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus spp.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10722-010-9625-x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1261 - 1266</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The CNR-IGV, over the last 15 years, has organized and performed expeditions aimed at collecting germplasm and local knowledge on plants used by local populations in isolated areas, such as geographical islands, or local communities that for ethnic or cultural reasons have maintained to a certain degree their isolation from surrounding populations (cultural islands). In two such cultural islands (Bovesia, Calabria region, south-west mainland Italy, and Ogliastra, Sardinia island, Italy) a tradition regarding the use of acorns for preparing a cake was recorded. In Ogliastra, an elder lady still retains the knowledge regarding the collections, maintenance and utilization of acorns for preparing a cake, a knowledge once common and now quite completely disappeared. The present paper reports on the culture associated to acorn used as a food for humans.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">León-Camacho, Manuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viera-Alcaide, Isabel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vicario, Isabel M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acorn (Quercus spp.) fruit lipids: Saponifiable and unsaponifiable fractions: A detailed study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acorn oil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fatty acid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydrocarbons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus spp.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sterols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">triglycerides</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11746-004-0921-8</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">447 - 453</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The composition of the oils extracted from the acorn fruit of three species of Mediterranean oaks, Quercus ilex L., Q. suber L., and Q. faginea L., was characterized. Both major and minor components, including FA, TG, sterols, methyl sterols, triterpenic and aliphatic alcohols, tocopherols, and hydrocarbons, were identiﬁed by standard methods and MS. Highresolution GLC and HPLC were used for quantiﬁcation. The FA profile, together with the equivalent carbon numbers and TG carbon numbers, was compared with data for other edible vegetable oils. Oil yield, expressed as wet weight, was 5% (w/w). Sterol content was remarkable for the three species (8,563–11,420 mg/kg), with β-sitosterol being the most abundant (80%). Oils were also high in tocopherol, with a wide variation between species (165–456 mg/kg) but with γ-tocopherol predominating in all three oils (90% of the total tocopherol content). Also, high terpenic alcohol contents were found (1527–2984 mg/kg), with dammaradienol and β-amyrin being the most abundant (33–60% of the total alcohol content). Bioactive properties and industrial applications of this underutilized native product are also discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vilagrosa, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEVA, J P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valdecantos, a</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HERNÁNDEZ, N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CORTINA, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellot, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallejo, V R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Una nueva técnica viverística para la introducción de plantones de DE QUERCUS SPP. EN CLIMA SECO Y SEMIÁRIDO</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">II Congreso Forestal Español</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bellotas pregerminadas (voyant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">clima mediterráneo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plantones</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus spp.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">supervivencia</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">667-672</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present a new technique to improve the establishment of Quercus spp. seedlings in dry and semiarid environments. It is based on the use of pre-germinated acorns transplanted in biodegradable nursery container which are transferred to the field befo re root pruning and upward root growth occurs. In this experiment we also tested the use of tree-shelters.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>