<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azcárate, Francisco M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seoane, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peco, Begoña</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drove roads: Keystone structures that promote ant diversity in Mediterranean forest landscapes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Oecologica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ant assemblages</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">functional diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasslands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial heterogeneity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transhumance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1146609X13000611</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">107 - 115</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract Drove roads are the traditional corridors used by pastoralists for seasonal movements of livestock (transhumance). They cover a considerable land area in Mediterranean countries and, although they are an obvious source of landscape diversity, their influence on the diversity and composition of animal assemblages has not been documented. Ant communities were studied on four active drove roads, two in forests (submediterranean and conifer) and two in open environments (croplands and rangelands). They were compared with the respective matrix communities and their contribution to local species richness was evaluated. The effects were heavily dependent on the open or closed nature of the matrix. In forest environments, drove roads increased ant species richness at the local scale, acting as clear keystone structures. Their species richness and functional diversity were highest on the fine scale, species composition was different, and a slight edge effect in the matrix was detected. In contrast, drove roads had little or even a negative effect in open environment locations. We conclude that drove roads have a high conservation value for ants in Mediterranean forest environments, in addition to their importance as reservoirs of plant biodiversity and generators of ecological goods and services.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quero, José L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herrero, Asier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zamora, Regino</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linking stochasticity to determinism of woody plant recruitment in a mosaic landscape: A spatially explicit approach</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basic and Applied Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental determinism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediterranean mountain forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microsite</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">recruitment hotspot</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sadie</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial heterogeneity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatio-temporal plant dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stochasticity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">161-171</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Here, we investigate small-scale spatial variation of environmental factors potentially inﬂuencing woody-plant establishment for 3 years (2004, 2005 and 2006) along a heterogeneous landscape. Environmental variables of over 2883 potential microsites were sampled in different landscape units with a spatially explicit design, and seeds of four tree species were sown at the different microsites. We used spatial-analysis techniques to quantify spatial heterogeneity of the environment surrounding the seeds, and to relate seedling and sapling survival to the spatial structure of environmental factors studied. Most environmental variables showed aggregated spatial patterns among landscape units. However, survival showed random spatial patterns in most of the cases, although it may depend on year-to-year variation of precipitation. Thus, spatial patterns of survival were random under both wet and dry conditions, while aggregated patterns emerged under intermediate conditions. Aggregated survival, if detected, was better explained by the environmental variables studied as plant age increased. In addition, the spatial consistency found across demographic stages, represents hotspots of recruitment, for which direct identiﬁcation would be critical for restoration activities. Our results showed a balance between stochasticity at early stages and environmental determinism at later stages, showing, behind the idiosyncratic character of plant recruitment, stronger general rules at sapling stages.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Puerta-Piñero, Carolina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez, José M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valladares, Fernando</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irradiance and oak seedling survival and growth in a heterogeneous environment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial heterogeneity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">242</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">462-469</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Mediterranean region emerges highly heterogeneous at every spatio-temporal scale. Key species shape a mosaic of patches (landscape units) composed of different microhabitats. Within these ecosystems irradiance appears as one of the most changing factors affecting communities’ dynamic. However, the impact of irradiance on the species performance is still poorly known. In this study, we intended to explore whether irradiance heterogeneity inﬂuences early recruitment. We chose a patchy Mediterranean site. During 2001, 2002 and 2003 we marked naturally Quercus ilex emerged seedlings. We distinguished three landscape units (Q. ilex woodlands, shrublands and afforestations) and six microhabitats (oak, broom, tall shrub, subshrub, pine and open). For each seedling, we measured (1) irradiance as global site factor (GSF); (2) acorn presence; (3) acorn depth; (4) burial layer; (5) distance to the nearest co-speciﬁc adult. As estimates of seedling performance, we measured seedling survival and height. Estimates of seedling performance were higher in 2001 and 2002 than in 2003. Oak or pine microhabitats achieved higher survival rates than brooms or open areas whilst under oaks, brooms or in open areas seedling height was lower than under tall shrubs. Irradiance signiﬁcantly affected seedling survival and growth. The lower the irradiance, the higher the survival. Maximal growth was found at intermediate irradiance, indicating that, in this system, moderate shade is crucial for Q. ilex seedling recruitment. Some microhabitats provide intermediate irradiance that combines positive effects on survival and growth. As a ﬁnal point, dispersers’ activity creates a heterogeneous distribution of acorn deposition ﬁltering out part of the total irradiance present in the study site.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Puerta-Piñero, Carolina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gómez, Jose M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valladares, Fernando</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irradiance and oak seedling survival and growth in a heterogeneous environment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean Region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seedling performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial heterogeneity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112707000874</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">242</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">462 - 469</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Mediterranean region emerges highly heterogeneous at every spatio-temporal scale. Key species shape a mosaic of patches (landscape units) composed of different microhabitats. Within these ecosystems irradiance appears as one of the most changing factors affecting communities’ dynamic. However, the impact of irradiance on the species performance is still poorly known. In this study, we intended to explore whether irradiance heterogeneity inﬂuences early recruitment. We chose a patchy Mediterranean site. During 2001, 2002 and 2003 we marked naturally Quercus ilex emerged seedlings. We distinguished three landscape units (Q. ilex woodlands, shrublands and afforestations) and six microhabitats (oak, broom, tall shrub, subshrub, pine and open). For each seedling, we measured (1) irradiance as global site factor (GSF); (2) acorn presence; (3) acorn depth; (4) burial layer; (5) distance to the nearest co-speciﬁc adult. As estimates of seedling performance, we measured seedling survival and height. Estimates of seedling performance were higher in 2001 and 2002 than in 2003. Oak or pine microhabitats achieved higher survival rates than brooms or open areas whilst under oaks, brooms or in open areas seedling height was lower than under tall shrubs. Irradiance signiﬁcantly affected seedling survival and growth. The lower the irradiance, the higher the survival. Maximal growth was found at intermediate irradiance, indicating that, in this system, moderate shade is crucial for Q. ilex seedling recruitment. Some microhabitats provide intermediate irradiance that combines positive effects on survival and growth. As a ﬁnal point, dispersers’ activity creates a heterogeneous distribution of acorn deposition ﬁltering out part of the total irradiance present in the study site.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GÓMEZ, J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valladares, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PUERTA-PIÑERO, C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Differences between structural and functional environmental heterogeneity caused by seed dispersal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seed dispersal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial heterogeneity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural vs functional heterogeneity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Science Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">787-792</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">* 1This paper explores the idea that functional heterogeneity (variability of a system property affecting ecological processes) is only a fraction of the available structural heterogeneity (variability of a property measured without reference to ecological effects) caused by non-random propagule dispersal. We report the effect of acorn dispersal by jays on the light environment experienced by Holm Oaks (Quercus ilex L.) during early recruitment in a Mediterranean montane forest. * 2Four light variables were estimated by studying hemispherical photographs: direct site factor (DSF); indirect site factor (ISF); and potential direct radiation during April (PDRApril) and August (PDRAugust). Means and variances of these variables were compared before and after the dispersal of acorns by jays. * 3The landscape occupied by Holm Oaks was very heterogeneous, which translated into differences in the available light among microhabitats of up to one order of magnitude. * 4Because of the spatial pattern of acorn dispersal, the light environment of the oaks during their establishment was much more homogeneous than that in the whole landscape. * 5This demonstrates that the heterogeneity relevant for plant recruitment is not necessarily that of the landscape as a whole.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salvador, Raymond</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pons, Xavier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">On the applicability of Landsat TM images to Mediterranean forest inventories</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forest quantitative variables</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">predictive models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radiometric response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial heterogeneity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">104</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">193-208</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landsat TM images were used in combination with field measurements to create models for Mediterranean forests. Radiometric data from those images were related to field data from a forest inventory by means of regression analysis. Trials using plots with radiometrically homogeneous surroundings were carried out to evaluate the effect of high spatial heterogeneity frequently found in Mediterranean forests. Simple regression models were found to be consistent with the expected radiometric response of vegetation, and most of the multiple regression models fitted the observations sufficiently in order to make quantitative predictions for field variables from the remote sensing images. According to this study, however, these models should be regarded as exploratory models rather than fully operational ones. Spatially and non-spatially related factors are suggested as causes of the remaining dispersion of models created.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellot, Juan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escarre, Antonio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stemflow and throughfall determination in a resprouted Mediterranean holm-oak forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial heterogeneity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stemflow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">847-865</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stemflow, throughfall and precipitation data were collected for 30 consecutive months in a holm-oak forest dominated by Quercus ilex, Arbutus unedo and Phyllirea media. These flux data were obtained from 50 randomly distributed no-roving throughfall collectors and 20 stemflow measuring devices (ten on Q. ilex and five on each of the other species). The stemllow was highly influenced by tree size and amount of rainfall, showing a significant correlation for each tree. Throughfall results showed a high spatial variability for each storm, with a significant independence of collectors. At forest scale, stemflow and throughfall represented 12.1 and 75 % of precipitation, respectively, and interception was estimated as 12.9 % of precipitation. Partitioning of rainfall between stemflow and throughfall created a high spatial heterogeneity of water distribution under the canopy. Stemflow increased more than 30 times the mean amount of water received per unit soil area around tree trunks. Finally, the effect of a change in the amount of precipitation according to a regional scenario was analyzed. It was shown that the increase in high rainfall events rather than small events increased the stemflow percentage.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellot, Juan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escarre, Antonio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stemflow and throughfall determination in a resprouted Mediterranean holm-oak forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann. For. Sci.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holm oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial heterogeneity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stemflow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">throughfall</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19980708</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">847 - 865</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stemflow, throughfall and precipitation data were collected for 30 consecutive months in a holm-oak forest dominated by Quercus ilex, Arbutus unedo and Phyllirea media. These flux data were obtained from 50 randomly distributed no-roving throughfall collectors and 20 stemflow measuring devices (ten on Q. ilex and five on each of the other species). The stemllow was highly influenced by tree size and amount of rainfall, showing a significant correlation for each tree. Throughfall results showed a high spatial variability for each storm, with a significant independence of collectors. At forest scale, stemflow and throughfall represented 12.1 and 75 % of precipitation, respectively, and interception was estimated as 12.9 % of precipitation. Partitioning of rainfall between stemflow and throughfall created a high spatial heterogeneity of water distribution under the canopy. Stemflow increased more than 30 times the mean amount of water received per unit soil area around tree trunks. Finally, the effect of a change in the amount of precipitation according to a regional scenario was analyzed. It was shown that the increase in high rainfall events rather than small events increased the stemflow percentage.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue></record></records></xml>