<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonet, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olivera, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inchusta, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colinas, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pattern of Tuber melanosporum extramatrical mycelium expansion over a 20-year chronosequence in Quercus ilex-truffle orchards</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MYCORRHIZA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Black truffle cultivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chronosequence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil DNA analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuber melanosporum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S47 - S54</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Successful cultivation of black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) requires a long-term investment and the maintenance of the symbiosis throughout its preproductive and productive years. Monitoring the symbiosis over time is challenging, as it requires methods that can detect the belowground proliferation of the fungus associated with its host tree. In this study, we used a chronosequence design to study the expansion pattern of this fungus as the host tree grows. We hypothesize that this expansion can be estimated by monitoring T. melanosporum DNA from soil beneath host trees of different ages (3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 20 years old) and at different distances from the trunk of the trees (40, 100, and 200 cm). We also wished to evaluate the presences of Tuber brumale and Tuber indicum, potentially problematic truffle species, in these plantations. To detect the mycelium of T. melanosporum in these soils, we extracted DNA and performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with Tuber species-specific primers, and to estimate DNA amount, we measured relative band intensities from the amplicons in agarose gels. Both age and distance were related to T. melanosporum DNA quantity, which was more abundant in the oldest age classes, reaching a plateau in 5-7 years. At 40 cm from the tree, there were no differences in T. melanosporum DNA amounts in orchards of different ages, but at 100 and 200 cm, younger orchards had less T. melanosporum DNA. We did not detect DNA from T. brumale or T. indicum in any of our samples.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA&lt;br/&gt;publisher: SPRINGER</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanchez, Sergio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agreda, Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agueda, Beatriz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin, Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Miguel, Ana María</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barriuso, Juan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanchez, Sergio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agreda, Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agueda, Beatriz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin, Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Miguel, Ana María</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barriuso, Juan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Persistence and detection of black truffle ectomycorrhizas in plantations: comparison between two field detection methods</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MYCORRHIZA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">direct</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Direct method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycorrhizas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil core method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trufficulture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuber melanosporum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S39--S46</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Owners of black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) plantations are concerned about the persistence of its mycorrhizas and mycelium in the soil, especially until the appearance of the ``truffle burn{''} areas and the triggering of sporocarp production, at least 5-7 years after planting truffle-inoculated seedlings. During this period, the farmer does not know whether his management is promoting black truffle development. To study the presence and abundance of T. melanosporum ectomycorrhizas in plantations, two sampling methods, direct sampling of root tips and soil core collection, are compared by analyzing 48 evergreen oak trees (Quercus ilex) inoculated with truffle. Those trees are grouped by age (&lt; 6, 6-9, &gt; 9 years old) and presence or absence of truffle production. T. melanosporum was present in 46 out of the 48 studied trees, and its ectomycorrhizas appeared in 65 % of the ectomycorrhizal tips. Its abundance is significantly higher with productive trees and young trees. Direct sampling of root tips and soil core collection were equally effective in detecting this species, although soil core collection proved a better method to also evaluate ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity. To detect the presence of T. melanosporum in a given plantation, three samples suffice, with a single sample per random tree. Although the presence of mycorrhizas is not a sure sign of the future success of a black truffle plantation, its absence influences managers as to whether to continue culturing truffles in a plantation.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24509698</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alonso Ponce, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agreda, Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agueda, Beatriz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aldea, Jorge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez-Peña, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modrego, María Pilar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil physical properties influence &quot;black truffle&quot; fructification in plantations.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycorrhiza</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">aeration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fine earth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">production logistic model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">silt</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuber melanosporum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water availability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24 Suppl 1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S55-64</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although the important effects of pH and carbonate content of soils on &quot;black truffle&quot; (Tuber melanosporum) production are well known, we poorly understand the influence of soil physical properties. This study focuses on physical soil characteristics that drive successful production of black truffles in plantations. Seventy-eight Quercus ilex ssp. ballota plantations older than 10 years were studied in the province of Teruel (eastern Spain). Soil samples were analyzed for various edaphic characteristics and to locate T. melanosporum ectomycorrhizae. The influence of cultivation practices, climatic features, and soil properties on sporocarp production was assessed using multivariate analyses. Low contents of fine earth and silt and high levels of bulk density, clay content, and water-holding capacity appear to promote fructification. Watering is also highly positive for truffle fructification. We develop and discuss a logistic model to predict the probability of truffle fructification in field sites under consideration for truffle plantation establishment. The balance between water availability and aeration plays a crucial role in achieving success in black truffle plantations.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24487451</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alonso Ponce, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agreda, Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agueda, Beatriz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aldea, Jorge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez-Peña, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modrego, MaríaPilar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil physical properties influence “black truffle” fructification in plantations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycorrhiza</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fine earth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">production logistic model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">silt</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil aeration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuber melanosporum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water availability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Berlin Heidelberg</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55-64</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although the important effects of pHand carbonate content of soils on “black truffle” (Tuber melanosporum) production are well known, we poorly understand the influ- ence of soil physical properties. This study focuses on phys- ical soil characteristics that drive successful production of black truffles in plantations. Seventy-eight Quercus ilex ssp. ballota plantations older than 10 years were studied in the province of Teruel (eastern Spain). Soil samples were ana- lyzed for various edaphic characteristics and to locate T. melanosporum ectomycorrhizae. The influence of cultiva- tion practices, climatic features, and soil properties on sporo- carp production was assessed using multivariate analyses. Low contents of fine earth and silt and high levels of bulk density, clay content, and water-holding capacity appear to promote fructification. Watering is also highly positive for truffle fructification.We develop and discuss a logistic model to predict the probability of truffle fructification in field sites under consideration for truffle plantation establishment. The balance between water availability and aeration plays a crucial role in achieving success in black truffle plantations. Electronic</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia-Barreda, Sergi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reyna, Santiago</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Response of Tuber melanosporum fruiting to canopy opening in a Pinus-Quercus forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canopy closure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Non-wood forest products</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">silviculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuber melanosporum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">53</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">54 - 60</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The wild production of the highly appreciated fungus Tuber melanosporum is negatively affected by canopy closure in the stand. Habitat improvement has been proposed as a tool to recover the production in close forests, but evaluations based on scientific monitoring are still lacking. This study analyses the short-term effect of a pilot project on improvement of T. melanosporum reproduction habitat. The results support the project hypothesis that the canopy closure was hampering truffle fruiting in the larger brines. The silvicultural treatment alone has not triggered a clear positive response in all the truffieres, suggesting that complementary actions are necessary to ensure their sustainability. Weather conditions provoke a year-to-year variation in the fruiting and determine the responsiveness of the truffieres to the treatment. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS&lt;br/&gt;publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia-Barreda, Sergi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reyna, Santiago</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Below-ground ectomycorrhizal community in natural Tuber melanosporum truffle grounds and dynamics after canopy opening.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycorrhiza</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brûlé</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ectomycorrhiza</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">silviculture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuber melanosporum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wild truffière</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21932021</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">361 - 369</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ectomycorrhizal fungus Tuber melanosporum fruits in association with Quercus in natural forests of Spain. Some of these stands are managed to keep an open canopy and meet the habitat requirements of the fungus. However, there are few quantitative studies analysing in these forests the relationship between soil environment and T. melanosporum. Eight forest stands which produce T. melanosporum have been monitored for 6 years in order to characterise the below-ground ectomycorrhizal community and to assess its temporal dynamics after experimental canopy opening. The brûlé, the ground where T. melanosporum fruits, shows a distinct ectomycorrhizal community, characterised by lower density of active ectomycorrhizal tips, lower morphotype richness per soil volume, higher abundance of T. melanosporum and lower abundance of Cenococcum geophilum than soil closest to the trunk of the host Quercus ilex. Opening the canopy has not stimulated an increase in T. melanosporum, suggesting that a shift in the soil environment alone will not trigger the formation of new truffières in the short term. The dry climate of these truffières may be a factor as T. melanosporum abundance appears to be sensitive to annual weather conditions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;accession-num: 21932021</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agueda, Beatriz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-Toirán, Luz Marina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Miguel, Ana María</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez Peña, Fernando</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ectomycorrhizal status of a mature productive black truffle plantation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Systems; Vol 19, No 1 (2010)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AROTZ-CATESA company</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">characterization of ectomycorrhizae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fungal diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">truffle plantations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuber melanosporum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://revistas.inia.es/index.php/fs/article/view/1170</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The truffle-plantation “Los Quejigares” was planted in 1971 by AROTZ-CATESA company. It is a 600 ha plot of Quercus ilex mycorrhizated with Tuber melanosporum at 1250 m a.s.l. on calcareous soil. This plantation is the largest of the world and one of the eldest truffle-plantations of Spain and it is in full production. Knowledge of the mycorrhizal status of a mature black truffle plantation is significant for the improvement of truffle cultivation. Ectomycorrhizae were studied for knowing T. melanosporum persistence and diversity and abundance of other ectomycorrhizal types. Roots of 16 holmoaks were sampled, 12 trees produce truffle sporocarps and four did not. It was found a mean of about 70% of T. melanosporum ectomycorrhizae in all the studied trees, independently of their capacity to produce or not sporocarps. Also, 105 more different ectomycorrhizal types were found. In spite of the high number of morphotypes found, it seems that they do not replace T. melanosporum, showing that there is a coexistence between species in the fungal community associated to the roots.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia-Montero, L G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Massimo, G Di</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manjón, J L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García‐Cañete, J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of Sphaerosporella brunnea mycorrhizas on mycorrhization of Quercus ilex × Tuber melanosporum</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Black truffle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean mushroom</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycorrhizal fungi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mycorrhized contamination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuber melanosporum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor &amp; Francis</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">153-158</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract It is generally accepted that Sphaerosporella brunnea is a significant ectomycorrhizal contaminant in nurseries producing plants mycorrhized with various species of Tuber, and subsequently in truffières after outplanting. At the University of Alcalá, Spain, 397 small plants of Quercus ilex which were mycorrhized with Tuber melanosporum were inadvertently contaminated with S. brunnea, and this contamination was then monitored for 2 years. Sixty percent of the plants were contaminated and had S. brunnea ascomata on the surface of the container on one or several occasions. However, a Spearman test provided no evidence that S. brunnea mycorrhizas affected T. melanosporum mycorrhization whereas other contaminating ectomycorrhizal fungi significantly did. Therefore, it appears that S. brunnea is not detrimental to plants which are well mycorrhized with T. melanosporum.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/01140670809510231</style></notes><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/01140670809510231</style></research-notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia-Montero, L. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Massimo, G. Di</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manjon, J. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García‐Cañete, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of Sphaerosporella brunnea mycorrhizas on mycorrhization of Quercus ilex × Tuber melanosporum</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Black truffle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean mushroom</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycorrhizal fungi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mycorrhized contamination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuber melanosporum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01140670809510231</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">153 - 158</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract It is generally accepted that Sphaerosporella brunnea is a significant ectomycorrhizal contaminant in nurseries producing plants mycorrhized with various species of Tuber, and subsequently in truffières after outplanting. At the University of Alcalá, Spain, 397 small plants of Quercus ilex which were mycorrhized with Tuber melanosporum were inadvertently contaminated with S. brunnea, and this contamination was then monitored for 2 years. Sixty percent of the plants were contaminated and had S. brunnea ascomata on the surface of the container on one or several occasions. However, a Spearman test provided no evidence that S. brunnea mycorrhizas affected T. melanosporum mycorrhization whereas other contaminating ectomycorrhizal fungi significantly did. Therefore, it appears that S. brunnea is not detrimental to plants which are well mycorrhized with T. melanosporum.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1080/01140670809510231doi: 10.1080/01140670809510231The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suz, Laura M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martín, María P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliach, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, Christine R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colinas, Carlos</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycelial abundance and other factors related to truffle productivity in Tuber melanosporum–Quercus ilex orchards</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEMS Microbiology Letters</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">burn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA soil mycelium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">real-time PCR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rock cover</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">truffle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuber melanosporum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">285</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72-78</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relative quantification of DNA from Tuber melanosporum mycelia was performed by conventional and real-time PCR in soil from trees in three truffle orchards of different ages to determine: (1) whether burn appearance is related to the amount of T. melanosporum mycelium in soil, and (2) whether productivity onset and truffle production are related to (a) the amount of T. melanosporum mycelium in soil, (b) tree height and diameter, (c) burn extension and (d) surface rock cover. The burn seems to appear only after a certain amount of mycelium has formed. Precociously productive trees presented higher quantities of mycelium than nonproductive trees in the productivity onset study, while highly productive trees presented less quantities of mycelium than nonproductive trees in the productivity study. Trees with high but not excessive surface rock cover showed greater truffle production. Larger trees tended to display a burn earlier than smaller trees.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suz, Laura M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martín, María P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliach, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, Christine R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colinas, Carlos</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycelial abundance and other factors related to truffle productivity in Tuber melanosporum–Quercus ilex orchards</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEMS Microbiology Letters</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">burn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA soil mycelium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">real-time PCR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rock cover</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">truffle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuber melanosporum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01213.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">285</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72 - 78</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relative quantification of DNA from Tuber melanosporum mycelia was performed by conventional and real-time PCR in soil from trees in three truffle orchards of different ages to determine: (1) whether burn appearance is related to the amount of T. melanosporum mycelium in soil, and (2) whether productivity onset and truffle production are related to (a) the amount of T. melanosporum mycelium in soil, (b) tree height and diameter, (c) burn extension and (d) surface rock cover. The burn seems to appear only after a certain amount of mycelium has formed. Precociously productive trees presented higher quantities of mycelium than nonproductive trees in the productivity onset study, while highly productive trees presented less quantities of mycelium than nonproductive trees in the productivity study. Trees with high but not excessive surface rock cover showed greater truffle production. Larger trees tended to display a burn earlier than smaller trees.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia-Montero, Luis G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manjon, Jose L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pascual, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Abril, Antonio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological patterns of Tuber melanosporum and different Quercus Mediterranean forests: Quantitative production of truffles, burn sizes and soil studies</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">active carbonate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus faginea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">truffle burn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">truffle production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">truffle soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuber melanosporum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">242</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">288-296</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Most studies on Tuber melanosporum fail to supply statistical data on carpophore production and other quantitative data associated with trufﬂe ecology, such as the development of its burns (trufﬂe production sites). During 7 years, we studied 208 burns associated with Quercus ilex subsp. ballota, Q. faginea, Corylus avellana and Tilia platyphyllos in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula. The results showed that burn size is a very signiﬁcant factor as it accounts for 38% of the variance in carpophore production. However, no signiﬁcant difference in the size of burns was observed between ﬁve types of wood, although signiﬁcant variability in carpophore production existed between these wood types. Furthermore, statistical analysis shows that a high concentration of active carbonate in the soil accounts for up to 51% of the variance in T. melanosporum burn size. The ecological conditions of burns cause elevated concentrations of active carbonate and exchangeable Ca 2+ , and T. melanosporum activity and burn size are simultaneously favoured by a high concentration of both factors, which suggests a feedback process. These results may indicate a possible application for the use of calcareous amendments in natural burns and trufﬂe cultivation. Moreover, we also determined the considerable trufﬂe-producing ability and mycorrhizing capacity of Quercus faginea. Although Q. faginea is a very little-known species in trufﬂe culture, the results provide support for its implementation</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia-Montero, Luis G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manjon, Jose L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pascual, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Abril, Antonio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological patterns of Tuber melanosporum and different Quercus Mediterranean forests: Quantitative production of truffles, burn sizes and soil studies</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">active carbonate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus faginea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">truffle burn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">truffle production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">truffle soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuber melanosporum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112707000680</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">242</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">288 - 296</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Most studies on Tuber melanosporum fail to supply statistical data on carpophore production and other quantitative data associated with trufﬂe ecology, such as the development of its burns (trufﬂe production sites). During 7 years, we studied 208 burns associated with Quercus ilex subsp. ballota, Q. faginea, Corylus avellana and Tilia platyphyllos in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula. The results showed that burn size is a very signiﬁcant factor as it accounts for 38% of the variance in carpophore production. However, no signiﬁcant difference in the size of burns was observed between ﬁve types of wood, although signiﬁcant variability in carpophore production existed between these wood types. Furthermore, statistical analysis shows that a high concentration of active carbonate in the soil accounts for up to 51% of the variance in T. melanosporum burn size. The ecological conditions of burns cause elevated concentrations of active carbonate and exchangeable Ca 2+ , and T. melanosporum activity and burn size are simultaneously favoured by a high concentration of both factors, which suggests a feedback process. These results may indicate a possible application for the use of calcareous amendments in natural burns and trufﬂe cultivation. Moreover, we also determined the considerable trufﬂe-producing ability and mycorrhizing capacity of Quercus faginea. Although Q. faginea is a very little-known species in trufﬂe culture, the results provide support for its implementation</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Román, D. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miguel, M. D. E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IDENTIFICACIÓN Y DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS ECTOMICORRIZAS ZONA QUEMADA Y UNA ZONA SIN ALTERAR DEL CARRASCAL DE NAZAR ( NAVARRA )</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Publicaciones de Biología, Universidad de Navarra, Serie Botánica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ectomycorrhizae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">identification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">morphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuber melanosporum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 - 42</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Since 1998, a field study has been undertaken in a Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp. forest located in Nazar (Navarra, Spain). This study aims to establish a qualitative and quantitative comparison between the ectomycorrhizal morphotypes which have been collected, described and identified in a burned site and in a non- disturbed one within this forest. Thus, this study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the ectomycorrhizae associated with evergreen oak in field conditions, because most of the studies on evergreen oak ectomycorrhizae are related to truffle growing or artificial mycorrhization in the nursery.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Román, D E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miguel, M D E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IDENTIFICACIÓN Y DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS ECTOMICORRIZAS ZONA QUEMADA Y UNA ZONA SIN ALTERAR DEL CARRASCAL DE NAZAR ( NAVARRA )</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Publicaciones de Biología, Universidad de Navarra, Serie Botánica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ectomycorrhizae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">identification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">morphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus ilex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuber melanosporum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-42</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Since 1998, a field study has been undertaken in a Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp. forest located in Nazar (Navarra, Spain). This study aims to establish a qualitative and quantitative comparison between the ectomycorrhizal morphotypes which have been collected, described and identified in a burned site and in a non- disturbed one within this forest. Thus, this study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the ectomycorrhizae associated with evergreen oak in field conditions, because most of the studies on evergreen oak ectomycorrhizae are related to truffle growing or artificial mycorrhization in the nursery.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shaw, P.J.a.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lankey, K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jourdan, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Factors affecting yield of Tuber melanosporum in a Quercus ilex plantation in southern France</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycological Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">host tree (PG)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil conditions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuber melanosporum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">yield</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">British Mycological Society</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1176-1178</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yields of Tuber nielanosporurn fruit bodies from a commercial truffle plantation are examined in relation to time, soil conditions and basal diameter of host tree. Fruiting started 10 yr after planting, and the number of trees producing truffles increased steadily for the following 8 yr. The best predictor of truffle production was tree basal diameter.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>