<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lara-Romero, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virgos, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escribano-Ávila, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mangas, J G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barja, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pardavila, X</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Habitat selection by European badgers in Mediterranean semi-arid ecosystems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Arid Environments</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AIC</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arid environments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fruit orchards</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Latrine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Low density</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meles meles</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43-48</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We studied the habitat selection patterns of badgers Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) in Mediterranean semiarid ecosystems. Fifty-seven plots were sampled in two semi-arid regions of Spain. In each plot, badger latrines were located along 2.6 km transects. The number of badger latrines per km was used as a surrogate of badger abundance and as an index of habitat selection by badgers. For each plot, a series of environmental variables were measured at two spatial scales. These variables were related to land use and vegetation formation parameters that are considered potentially important for habitat requirements (i.e., food and shelter). The habitat selection model was carried out using generalised linear models (GLM) and an information-theoretic approach. Results indicated that badgers prefer fruit orchards, and shrub and rock-covered areas, which provide additional trophic and shelter resources, and avoid intensively cultivated ﬁelds and human settlements. We conclude that badger conservation in semi-arid environments of the Iberian Peninsula requires the existence of fruit orchards and the limitation of human development. Policies restraining agriculture intensiﬁcation would encourage traditional or new non-intensive agricultural practices and increase shrub-patch availability, which would beneﬁt this species.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosalino, L M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, Maria J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beier, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos-Reis, Margarida</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eurasian badger habitat selection in Mediterranean environments: Does scale really matter?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meles meles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montado</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">189-198</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is widely believed that spatial scale affects habitat selection, and should inﬂuence management options, especially for species with wide geographic distribution or large territories. Eurasian badger habitat selection has been well studied throughout most of its European distribution range, but never at multiple spatial scales. We used compositional analysis to assess habitat selection of Eurasian badgers in southern Portugal at four spatial scales (1, 4, 25, and 100 km 2 ). We assessed habitat use from setts, latrines and footprints presence, and road kills. Oak woodlands with understorey were selected at all scales, being the most preferred habitat at 3 scales (1, 4, and 100 km 2 ). Pastures were most selected at the scale of the 25 km 2 cell, but their use was not signiﬁcantly different from oak woodland with understorey. Shrubs and pastures were also secondly important at the majority of scales. Contrary to ﬁndings at northern latitudes, deciduous forests decreased in importance as cell size increased. In the highly humanized and fragmented landscape of southern Portugal, Eurasian badgers are selecting the matrix of oak woodlands interspersed with patches of pastures, shrubs and riparian vegetation. In these oak woodlands, scale does not have a marked effect. Management for badgers should provide, for at least, 30% of oak woodland cover at all scales. Our study illustrates the across-scale importance of maintaining the historically human altered, sustainable and unique landscape and land use system – the montado.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosalino, L. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, Maria J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beier, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos-Reis, Margarida</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eurasian badger habitat selection in Mediterranean environments: Does scale really matter?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">landscape ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meles meles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">montado</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1616504707000663</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">189 - 198</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is widely believed that spatial scale affects habitat selection, and should inﬂuence management options, especially for species with wide geographic distribution or large territories. Eurasian badger habitat selection has been well studied throughout most of its European distribution range, but never at multiple spatial scales. We used compositional analysis to assess habitat selection of Eurasian badgers in southern Portugal at four spatial scales (1, 4, 25, and 100 km 2 ). We assessed habitat use from setts, latrines and footprints presence, and road kills. Oak woodlands with understorey were selected at all scales, being the most preferred habitat at 3 scales (1, 4, and 100 km 2 ). Pastures were most selected at the scale of the 25 km 2 cell, but their use was not signiﬁcantly different from oak woodland with understorey. Shrubs and pastures were also secondly important at the majority of scales. Contrary to ﬁndings at northern latitudes, deciduous forests decreased in importance as cell size increased. In the highly humanized and fragmented landscape of southern Portugal, Eurasian badgers are selecting the matrix of oak woodlands interspersed with patches of pastures, shrubs and riparian vegetation. In these oak woodlands, scale does not have a marked effect. Management for badgers should provide, for at least, 30% of oak woodland cover at all scales. Our study illustrates the across-scale importance of maintaining the historically human altered, sustainable and unique landscape and land use system – the montado.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosalino, Luís Miguel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torres, Jordi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos-Reis, Margarida</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A survey of helminth infection in Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) in relation to their foraging behaviour in a Mediterranean environment in southwest Portugal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Wildlife Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cork oak woodlands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diet</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">endoparasites</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">helminths</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meles meles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portugal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10344-006-0033-7</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">202 - 206</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study provides the first data on the helminth fauna of the Eurasian badger in the southwestern edge of its range (Grândola Mountain, Portugal) and interprets the results in relation to badger diet and feeding behaviour. By examination of 163 badger faecal samples, faecal developmental stages (eliminative forms) of four helminth species and one genus were identified: one cestode (Atriotaenia incisa) and four nematodes (Mastophorus muris, Molineus patens, Uncinaria criniformis and Strongyloides sp.). The overall prevalence of parasites was 62%, with limited seasonal variation. Single parasite excretions were dominant and Strongyloides sp. excretion was the most common. Diet assessment based on 450 faecal samples revealed that badgers consumed mainly insects and fruits. No correlation was detected between helminth prevalence and diet. Apparently, diet (mainly insects) and feeding behaviour (fossorial), together with the species’ social behaviour (anal scent marking of group members), facilitate the infection with helminths. The helminth fauna of Eurasian badgers in Grândola Mountain has isolationist characteristics, apparently indicating low host colonisation.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virgos, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casanovas, J G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental constraints at the edge of a species distribution, the Eurasian badger (Meles meles L.): a biogeographic approach</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean mountains</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meles meles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">niche hypothesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">species distributions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">559-564</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aim This paper describes the distribution pattern (occurrence) of badgers (Meles meles L. 1758) in a Mediterranean mountain area of central Spain, in relation to landscape characteristics and climatic data. We test the fit of the badger occurrence pattern to the niche hypothesis predictions. Location We sampled twenty-four survey plots randomly distributed in the mountains of central Spain (Sierra de Guadarrama, Madrid): ten in the north and fourteen in the south slopes. All habitat types and climatic conditions typical of central Spain can be found. Methods The ocurrence of badgers ill the plots were recorded through an exhaustive search of setts and latrines in four different (and evenly spaced) points in each plot. The index of occurrence was made by dividing the number of positive points (badger presence) by the total number of points sampled (four in all plots). Landscape patterns (% type of habitat in each plot) were obtained from detailed maps and climate data from meteorological stations placed in the plot. We analyse the contribution of landscape variables and climate data to explain the differences in badger occurrence through Pearson correlations and fixed one-way ANCOVA with climatic data as fixed factor, vegetation cover as covariates and badger occurrence as response variable. Additionally, we use an one-way ANOVA to check the differences in occurrence between north and south plots with the location of each plot as fixed factor. Results The results indicate that the badger is more abundant in rainy areas of the mountains, and in open landscapes vegetated by ash-tree forests than in closed landscapes vegetated by helm oak forests. In addition, the species is more abundant in the northern plots than in the southern ones. Northern plots were homogeneous areas characterized by their open landscape and wet climate, while southern plots were characterized by their dry climate and closed landscapes. In addition, climate (measured as summer rain) is more determinant than habitat type (holm oak cover) to explain the pattern of badger occurrence. Main conclusions Overall, we consider that the typical Mediterranean landscapes are poor habitats for badgers due to changes in the environmental conditions associated with. concomitant changes in food resources. These data support the niche hypothesis to explain the changes in abundance or occurrence close to the edge of the distribution of species, and in particular, in Palearctic species in the Mediterranean area.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virgos, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casanovas, J. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental constraints at the edge of a species distribution, the Eurasian badger (Meles meles L.): a biogeographic approach</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean mountains</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meles meles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">niche hypothesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">species distributions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">559 - 564</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aim This paper describes the distribution pattern (occurrence) of badgers (Meles meles L. 1758) in a Mediterranean mountain area of central Spain, in relation to landscape characteristics and climatic data. We test the fit of the badger occurrence pattern to the niche hypothesis predictions. Location We sampled twenty-four survey plots randomly distributed in the mountains of central Spain (Sierra de Guadarrama, Madrid): ten in the north and fourteen in the south slopes. All habitat types and climatic conditions typical of central Spain can be found. Methods The ocurrence of badgers ill the plots were recorded through an exhaustive search of setts and latrines in four different (and evenly spaced) points in each plot. The index of occurrence was made by dividing the number of positive points (badger presence) by the total number of points sampled (four in all plots). Landscape patterns (% type of habitat in each plot) were obtained from detailed maps and climate data from meteorological stations placed in the plot. We analyse the contribution of landscape variables and climate data to explain the differences in badger occurrence through Pearson correlations and fixed one-way ANCOVA with climatic data as fixed factor, vegetation cover as covariates and badger occurrence as response variable. Additionally, we use an one-way ANOVA to check the differences in occurrence between north and south plots with the location of each plot as fixed factor. Results The results indicate that the badger is more abundant in rainy areas of the mountains, and in open landscapes vegetated by ash-tree forests than in closed landscapes vegetated by helm oak forests. In addition, the species is more abundant in the northern plots than in the southern ones. Northern plots were homogeneous areas characterized by their open landscape and wet climate, while southern plots were characterized by their dry climate and closed landscapes. In addition, climate (measured as summer rain) is more determinant than habitat type (holm oak cover) to explain the pattern of badger occurrence. Main conclusions Overall, we consider that the typical Mediterranean landscapes are poor habitats for badgers due to changes in the environmental conditions associated with. concomitant changes in food resources. These data support the niche hypothesis to explain the changes in abundance or occurrence close to the edge of the distribution of species, and in particular, in Palearctic species in the Mediterranean area.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:&lt;br/&gt;pub-location: P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND&lt;br/&gt;publisher: BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD</style></notes></record></records></xml>