<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanchez, Sergio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agreda, Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agueda, Beatriz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin, Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Miguel, Ana María</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barriuso, Juan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanchez, Sergio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agreda, Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agueda, Beatriz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin, Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Miguel, Ana María</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barriuso, Juan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Persistence and detection of black truffle ectomycorrhizas in plantations: comparison between two field detection methods</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MYCORRHIZA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">direct</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Direct method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycorrhizas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil core method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trufficulture</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuber melanosporum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S39--S46</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Owners of black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) plantations are concerned about the persistence of its mycorrhizas and mycelium in the soil, especially until the appearance of the ``truffle burn{''} areas and the triggering of sporocarp production, at least 5-7 years after planting truffle-inoculated seedlings. During this period, the farmer does not know whether his management is promoting black truffle development. To study the presence and abundance of T. melanosporum ectomycorrhizas in plantations, two sampling methods, direct sampling of root tips and soil core collection, are compared by analyzing 48 evergreen oak trees (Quercus ilex) inoculated with truffle. Those trees are grouped by age (&lt; 6, 6-9, &gt; 9 years old) and presence or absence of truffle production. T. melanosporum was present in 46 out of the 48 studied trees, and its ectomycorrhizas appeared in 65 % of the ectomycorrhizal tips. Its abundance is significantly higher with productive trees and young trees. Direct sampling of root tips and soil core collection were equally effective in detecting this species, although soil core collection proved a better method to also evaluate ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity. To detect the presence of T. melanosporum in a given plantation, three samples suffice, with a single sample per random tree. Although the presence of mycorrhizas is not a sure sign of the future success of a black truffle plantation, its absence influences managers as to whether to continue culturing truffles in a plantation.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24509698</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medina, Nagore G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lara, Francisco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mazimpaka, Vicente</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hortal, Joaquin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Designing bryophyte surveys for an optimal coverage of diversity gradients</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ED protocol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epiphytic bryophytes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">p-Median</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercus forests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sampling design</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPRINGER</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3121-3139</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knowledge on the distribution and abundance of species is plagued by significant taxonomic and geographic biases that influence the analyses on biodiversity patterns. Due to this, standard, easy-to-use methods are needed to design efficient field campaigns that minimize data deficiencies. We evaluate the applicability, usefulness and effectiveness of a survey design protocol based on the Environmental Diversity (ED) criterion under different scenarios, with examples of varying extent of environmental niche, range of spatial distribution and level of previous knowledge. We planned surveys for epiphytic bryophytes growing in three types of forests at NW Iberian Peninsula (dominated by Quercus ilex, Q. faginea and Q. pyrenaica). Knowledge on the distribution and abundance of epiphytic bryophytes in this region presents large gaps and strong geographic biases. Besides, the three forest types differ in their environmental requirements, spatial distribution and level of previous knowledge, providing three working scenarios to test the response of the protocol under different situations. The protocol was implemented as a set of sequential selection rules, starting by an ED-based criterion aiming at maximizing the coverage of climatic and geographic variability; further criteria include an iterative set of qualitative properties: maximizing forest area, conservation status and accessibility. The protocol performed efficiently at different ranges of spatial distribution levels of environmental variability, and degree of previous knowledge and generated an even distribution of sampling points that efficiently covered the diversity of epiphytic bryophytes. The results show that ED protocols are a proficient and time-saving approach to select sampling sites by objective criteria also for groups with high dispersal ability and fragmented landscapes.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohen, Yehezkel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohen, Shabtai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cantuarias-Aviles, Tatiana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schiller, Gabriel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variations in the radial gradient of sap velocity in trunks of forest and fruit trees</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant and Soil</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">azimuthal variations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conductive</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conductive sapwood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radial distribution of volumetric</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radial distribution of volumetric flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sapwood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">t max heat pulse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">t max heat pulse method</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11104-007-9351-0http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11104-007-9351-0</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">305</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49 - 59</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We studied the radial pattern of sap velocity (v) in trunks of six forest species: Cupressus sempervirens L; Eucalyptus camaldulensis F. Muell; Pinus halepensis Mill. (Alleppo pine); Quercus aegilops L. ssp. ithaburensis [Decne] Boiss; Quercus calliprinos Webb; Quercus rotundifolia Lam. (Syn. Quercus ilex spp. Rotundifolia) and three fruit species: Citrus sinensis L. Osback; Malus domestica cv. Golden Delicious; Persea americana Mill. Data was selected from measurements made over a period of 15 years. For each species, at least data of 1–2 weeks measured on days with clear sky and after a rain event or irrigation were analyzed. Measurements were made with the Tmax heat pulse method, and six points were measured along the radius of the trunk. Two types of radial pattern were found; in one type the highest v value was recorded near the cambium, decreasing toward the heartwood; and the other type had low v near the cambium increasing toward a depth of 12 to 20 mm below the cambium and decreasing with depth to the heartwood. There was large interspecies variability of v in both the pattern of radial gradient with depth and the distance between the cambium and the border of conducting sapwood. Variations in radial pattern of v between trees within species were generally small with a coefficient of variation of 4–20%. The mean fractions of volumetric flow in the 0–16 and 0–24 mm layers below the cambium were 59% and 79% of the total flow, respectively. The distance between the cambium and the border between conducting and non-conducting sapwood varied from 31 to 66 mm in the various species. The radial distribution of sap velocity with azimuth around the trunk had a coefficient of variation similar to that found between trees of the same species. The amplitude of the azimuthal variation changed during the day; it was high in the mornings and evenings and low at noon. The variation of sap velocity in three azimuths was more affected by the structure of each individual trunk than by the position with respect to the sun.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue></record></records></xml>